Makoto Imamura, Assistant Resident Representative, Japan International Cooperation Agency (delivered by Masahiko Takizawa)
JICA in the Philippines: Official Development Assistance
Today I would like to make a brief presentation on Japan's ODA, JICA's role and our new approach to technical cooperation and some on-going JICA projects and activities in the Philippines specifically on the fisheries subsector.
Official Development Assistance: categories of Japan's ODA
Bilateral grant
Bilateral loan
Contributions and subscriptions to multilateral donor organizations
Japan's ODA is divided into three categories; bilateral grant; bilateral loan and contributions and subscriptions to multilateral donor organizations.
JICA is a government agency mandated to implement technical cooperation. It also provides technical support to grant aid and bilateral loans through the conduct of technical feasibility studies.
JICA is in charge of technical cooperation and grant aid is administered by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, but when it comes to implementation JICA conducts the actual design of the [project].
Technical Cooperation
Technical Training
Dispatch of Experts
Provision of Equipment
Development Study,
Dispatch of JOCV, etc.
Grant Aid Cooperation
General Grant Aid
Grant Aid for Fisheries
Aid for Increased Food Production
Japan's ODA by Type of Cooperation, 2001
|
Amount |
Percent |
Bilateral Grants |
|
|
Grant Aid Cooperation |
2 469 |
24 |
Technical Cooperation |
3 516 |
35 |
Bilateral Loans |
2 845 |
28 |
Contributions and Subscriptions To Multilateral Organizations |
1 322 |
13 |
Total |
¥10 152 |
100 |
Units: ¥100 million
The figure shows the distribution of Japan's ODA budget by type of cooperation. In 2001, 60 percent of Japan's ODA was in the form of bilateral grants. Technical cooperation accounted for 35 percent of the total ODA budget.
Japan's ODA by Region (FY 2000)
Region |
Amount |
Percent |
Asia |
681.62 |
43.4 |
Latin America |
311.73 |
19.8 |
Africa |
241.58 |
15.4 |
Middle East |
151.73 |
9.7 |
Unclassified |
86.71 |
5.5 |
Oceania |
46.90 |
3 |
Europe |
41.94 |
2.7 |
International organizations |
9.60 |
0.6 |
Units: ¥100 million
On a regional basis the Asia region receives the largest share of Japanese ODA, about 43 percent.
Background
Improved transparency and accountability
Public disclosure of government/administrative information
Budget cut in Japanese Fiscal Year 2002
ODA Budget ten percent cut
JICA Budget five percent cut (¥ 9 billion)
Because of budget constraints and the need to improve transparency and accountability the Japanese Government has decided to adopt a new approach for using ODA resources. In fiscal 2002 the ODA budget was slashed by 10 percent and the JICA budget was reduced by 5 percent.
So in light of the policy of our government, JICA is looking toward the improvement and efficiency of its technical cooperation programs. These are the major considerations in designing the new approach to technical cooperation.
Objectives
Quality improvement of technical cooperation
Country-Based Approach
Development Issue-Oriented Approach
Output-Oriented Approach
Efficient and Flexible Implementation
Our key objective is to improve the efficiency and achieve greater flexibility in implementing technical cooperation.
Program approach
Vision
Medium to long-term framework
More visible impact at macro level
Visible input-output relationship among projects
It has a medium to long-term framework. Since our budget is allocated on an annual basis we tend to have stand-alone projects but we are trying to make multi-year allocations for more visible impact at the macro-level and visible relationships among the projects.
In consultation with concerned agencies of the Government of the Philippines JICA has identified three programs through which it can effectively assist the agriculture and rural sectors in the Philippines.
Overall goal: mitigation of disparities
Poverty Alleviation and Mitigation of Regional Disparities
Improvement of Living Standards (DAR)
Agrarian Reform
Community Support Program
Rural Growth
Food Security (DA and NIA)
RD and E Network Program (Modernization)
Rural Development System and System Management Program (Sustainability)
Local Government Units and People's Organizations support the DAR, DA and NIA
Aquarian Reform and Community Support Program
Research Development and Extension Network Program
Rural Infrastructure Development Program and Management Program
These two programs aim to address two key issues
Improvement of living standards
Food security in the Philippines
Over the long term, it is envisioned that these programs will contribute to one of the overall goals of the Government of Japan's bilateral aid activities in the Philippines that is mitigation of disparities.
Let me point out that JICA is still in the process of consolidating each of the three programs in order to identify appropriate projects that can contribute to the development objectives of the Government of the Philippines for the agriculture and rural sectors.
Activities for aquaculture development under FY 2002
Dispatch at SEAFDEC of one long-term expert on fish disease from March 2000 to March 2003
Implementation of Third Country Training Program on Responsible Aquaculture Development (SEAFDEC)
Fourth year of implementation (1999-2003) of the second phase
Fourteen foreign participants and two from the Philippines
General Grant Aid Project (DA-BFAR-SEAFDEC) for the Establishment of Laboratory Facilities for Advanced Aquaculture Technology worth ¥ 895 Million at SEAFDEC, Tigbauan, Iloilo
Friendship Program for the 21st Century:
- 22 Philippine delegates from the fisheries sector went to Japan from May 15 to June 6 2002
- Project to Enhance the Capability to Monitor Toxic Red Tide Phenomenon (BFAR-DA) from August 1999 to June 2002
Conclusion
Finally let me explain JICA's activities the fisheries subsector especially in the field of aquaculture development. At present we have one grant aid project, one long-term expert project and one training program.
The training program is implemented in collaboration with SEAFDEC and this is our fourth year of implementation of the second phase, which is the ninth year in total. Fourteen foreign participants and two from the Philippines are trained yearly.
We have been cooperating with SEAFDEC for quite a long time. There is accumulated expertise in SEAFDEC that we would like to utilize in order to help other developing countries. The idea is the promotion of south-south cooperation.
General Grant Aid Project for the Establishment of Laboratory Facilities for Advanced Aquaculture Technology totals 895 million Japanese yen.
In the near future we will consolidate our Technical Cooperation Program for the fishery subsector. Aquaculture development can be or is one of the potential priority areas and Research Development Extension Network Program of JICA.
Thank you very much.