Scientific name | Common name | Storage environment | Storability | Drying response |
---|---|---|---|---|
Acacia auriculiformis | Japanese acacia | Sun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition | 3–5 months | Tolerant |
Acacia confusa | Chinese acacia | Sun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition | 3 months | Tolerant |
Acacia mangium | Sabah acacia | Sun-dried stored under ordinary room condition | several years | Tolerant |
Albizia falcataria (Paraserianthus f.) | Molucca albizzia | Sun-dried stored under ordinary room condition | 2 years | Tolerant |
Albizia lebbeck | Indian walnut, Siris | Sun-dried stored under ordinary room condition | 4–5 years | Tolerant |
Albizia procera | White Siris | Sun-dried stored under ordinary room condition | 1 year | Tolerant |
Aleurites moluccana | Candle nut tree, Varnish tree | Ordinary room condition | Long-lived | Tolerant |
Anacardium occidentale | Cashew | Sun-dried, for 2 days, stored under ordinary room condition | 1 year | Tolerant |
Artocarpus heterophyllus | Jack fruit | In sawdust or coirdust, ordinary room temperature | 1 month, 80% viability | Sensitive |
Artocarpus heterophyllus | Jack fruit | Surface sterilized with Chlorox for 5 min., moist seeds in airtight containers, 19 °C | 6 months, viability/maintained | |
Averrhoa carambola | Carambola | Air-dried, ordinary room condition | 2 months | Tolerant |
Azadirachta indica | Neem tree | Sealed air-tight container, ordinary room temperature | 16 weeks | Tolerant |
Azadirachta indica | Neem tree | Sun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition | 2–3 weeks | Tolerant |
Cajanus cajan | Pigeon pea | Sun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition | 4 months | Tolerant |
Calliandra calothyrsus | Calliandra | Sundried, stored under ordinary room condition | 1 year | Tolerant |
Carica papaya | Papaya | Sun-dried or shade-dried 48 hours, sealed in glass or plastic jars, ordinary room temperature | 1 year | Tolerant |
Casuarina equisetifolia | Common ironwood, Swamp oak | Sun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition | 3 months | Tolerant |
Cassia siamea | Kassod tree, Thai copper pod | Sun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition | several years | Tolerant |
Citrus limon | Lemon tree | Treated with fungicide, stored moist in thin, closed plastic bag, 0–4 °C | 2 years | Sensitive |
Cocos nucifera | Coconut tree | Ordinary room condition | 16 months | Sensitive |
Delonix regia | Flame of the forest | Sun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition | Several years | Tolerant |
Durio zibethinus | Durian | Moist seeds (in plastic bag) but with microbe problems and germination during storage, ordinary room temperature | 2–3 weeks | Sensitive |
Durio zibethinus | Durian | Keep moist seeds in air-tight container, surface sterilized before storage and 20 °C | 32 days, 90% viability | Sensitive |
Erythrina spp. | Coral tree | Sun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition | 1 year | Tolerant |
Eucalyptus deglupta | Eucalyptus | Ordinary room condition | Short-lived | Sensitive |
Ficus | ||||
Garcinia mangostana | Mangosteen | Moist seeds in moist charcoal at 21–29 °C | Over 6 weeks 100% viability | Sensitive |
Gliricidia sepium | Kakawate, Madre de Cacao | Sun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition | 6 weeks | Tolerant |
Gmelina arborea | Yemane | Sun-dried for 2 days, stored under ordinary room condition | 3 months | Tolerant |
Grevillia robusta | ||||
Hevea brasiliensis | Rubber | Ordinary room condition | 6 days | Sensitive |
Hevea brasiliensis | Rubber | Moist seeds in inflated sealed container (plastic 7), 10–15 °C | 2 months 40% viability | Sensitive |
Hevea brasiliensis | Rubber | Soak fresh, clean seeds in 0.3% Benlate, drain surface dry in plastic bag, ordinary room temperature | 1 year, more than 50% viability | Sensitive |
Hevea brasiliensis | Rubber | Moist seeds in damp sawdust within finely perforated plastic bag, 7–10 °C | 4 months, 40% viability | Sensitive |
Lagerstroemia speciosa | Queen's flower | Ordinary room condition plastic jar, ordinary room temperature | Short-lived | Sensitive |
Leucaena diversifolia | Ipil-ipil | Sun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition | 8 months | Tolerant |
Leucaena leucocephala | Ipil-ipil | Sun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition | 1–3 year | Tolerant |
Mangifera indica | Mango | Moist seeds in sealed plastic bag with moist charcoal ventilated, stored at 20–23 °C | 13 weeks 80% viability | Sensitive |
Mangifera indica | Mango | In sealed plastic bags with moist charcoal, ordinary room temperature | 4 months still viable | Sensitive |
Melia azadirachta | Bastard cedar | Sun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition | 4–6 months | Sensitive |
Nephelium lappaceus | Rambutan | Moist sawdust or charcoal in plastic bag, 21 °C | 3 months 100% viability | Sensitive |
Paraserianthus falcataria | Tolerant | |||
Passiflora edulis | Passion fruit | Stored in sealed container, 20 °C | 9 months 75% viability | |
Peltrophorum pterocarpus | None sea | Ordinary room condition | Long-lived | Sensitive |
Persea americana | Avocado | Moist seeds in plastic bag + fungicide, soaked 5 min., 3% captan, 4–5 °C | 1 year, 75% viability | Sensitive |
Persea americana | Avocado | Moist seeds in dry peat moss, 5–6 °C | Over 8 months | Tolerant |
Pinus kesiya | Three needle pine | Sun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition | 3 months to 1 year | |
Pithecellobium dulce | False tamarind | Sun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition | at least 6 months | Tolerant |
Psidium guajava | Guava | Dried 1 week, kept in sealed tin can, glass jar or plastic jar in ordinary room temperature | 15 years | Tolerant |
Pterocarpus indicus | Narra | Ordinary room condition | Long-lived | Tolerant |
Pterocarpus macrocarpus | Smooth narra | Sun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition | Long-lived | Tolerant |
Samanea (Albizia) saman | Rain tree | Ordinary room condition | Long-lived | Tolerant |
Swietenia macrophylla | Mahogany (large leaf) | Sun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition | 6 months | Tolerant |
Swietenia sp. | Mahogany | Moist seeds in charcoal within sealed can, cool temperature | 4–5 months | Sensitive |
Tamarindus indica | Tamarind | Sun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition | 6 months to 1 year | Tolerant |
Tectona grandis | Teak | Sun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition | 1 year or more | Tolerant |
Terminalia catappa | Tropical almond | Ordinary room condition | Long-lived | Tolerant |
Theobroma cacao | Cacao or Cocoa tree | Dried at aircon temperature, dusted with 0.2% benlate Thiram mix, 50 seeds in moist charcoal, sawdust or sand within perforated plastic bag | 6 months over 50% viability | Sensitive |
Theobroma cacoa | Cocao or Cocoa tree | Shade-dried 2 hours, kept in plastic bag + fungicide, ordinary room temperature | 3 months 100% viability | Sensitive |
Vitex parviflora | Molave | Sun-dried, stored under ordinary room condition | 1 year | Tolerant |
Scientific name | Common name | Treatment/Preparation | Day to germination (with treatment) | Day to germination (without treatment) | Number of seeds/kg |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acacia auriculiformis | Japanese acacia | (a) Immerse for 30 seconds to 1 minute in boiling water, soak overnight in cool water | 3 – 8 | 7 – 10 | 7,400–8,000 |
(b) Immerse in hot water for 3–10 minutes and soak overnight in the tap water | |||||
Acacia mangium | Sabah acacia | Immerse for 30 seconds in boiling water and soak overnight in cold water | 3 – 6 | 15 – 20 | 40,000–70,000 |
Albizia lebbeck | Indian walnut, Siris | (a) Immerse in boiling water for 2 minutes and soak overnight in tap water | 3 – 4 | 6,000–16,000 | |
(b) Immerse in hot water and soak for 24 hours | |||||
Albizia lebbeckoides | Soak in hot water let, cool and soak overnight | 3 – 4 | |||
Anacardium occidentale | Cashew nut tree | Cut-off forehead to reduce distortion of seed linos | 12 | 14 | 200–900 |
Annona muricata | Soursop | Soak overnight | 2 – 3 | 1,750 | |
Artocarpus heterophyllus | Jack fruit tree | Remove seed jacket and soak for 24 hours in cool water | 3 – 5 | 14 | 45–90 |
Azadirachta indica | Neem tree | Soak in water 3–6 days | 3 – 5 | 5 – 7 | 4,000–6,000 |
Cajanus cajan | Pigeon pea | Soak in water 24 hours | 2 – 3 | 2 – 6 | 3,500 |
Calamus merrillii | Rattan | Scarify mechanically | 3 – 7 | 45 | |
Carica papaya | Papaya | Remove qelatinous material, clean and air-dry | 7 | 10 – 20 | 47,000–76,000 |
Cassia fistula | Golden shower | Nick off seed coat and soak overnight in water | 5 – 7 | 7 – 14 | 2,000–6,000 |
Cassia occidentalis | Coffea Senna | Immerse in boiling water for 5 seconds | 1 – 3 | 3 – 5 | 4,000 |
Cassia siamea | Kassod tree, Thai copper pod | (a) Immerse in hot water and leave for 12–24 hours | 3 – 7 | 12 – 17 | 20,000–25,000 |
(b) Soak in cold/tepid water for 48–72 hours | |||||
Casuarina equisetifolia | Common iron wood, Swamp oak | None required | - | 7 – 21 | 680,000–700,000 |
Citrus limon | Lemon | Wash slime from seeds soak for 24 hours | 3–5 | 7–10 | 20,000 |
Coffee spp. | Coffee tree | Remove parchment and soak for 24 hours in cold water | 30 | 30 – 45 | 2,000 |
Delonix regia | Flame of the forest | (a) Immerse in boiling water for 10 seconds | 12 – 20 | 15 – 25 | 1,600–9,300 |
(b) Soak in cold/tepid water for 24 hours | |||||
Durian zibethinus | Durian | Remove and wash aril | 8 – 17 | 45 | |
Leucaena diversifolia | Ipil-ipil | (a) Soak in hot water for 3 minutes | 7 – 15 | 9 – 18 | 15,000 |
(b) Immerse in boiling water for 5 seconds | |||||
Leucaena leucacephala | Ipil-ipil | (a) Soak in tap water for 36 hours | 5 – 12 | 12 – 20 | 13,000 |
(b) Immerse in hot water for 24–72 hours | |||||
Livistona rotundifolia | Fan palm | (a) Soak for 24 hours | 2 – 3 | 7,400 | |
(b) Remove the hilum cover | |||||
Mangifera indica | Mango | Remove off husk to improve quality and uniformity of seedlings | 6 – 9 | 14 | 40 |
Manilkara zapota | Sapodilla plum | Crack seed coat and soak overnight in water | 14 – 25 | 16 – 44 | 750–1,000 |
Pinus kesiya | Three needle pine | Soak for 24 hours and discard floater | 14 | 3,000–4,000 | |
Pterocarpus macrocarpus | Smooth narra | (a) Soak in hot water (50 °C) for 10 minutes | 4 – 15 | 1,500–2,000 | |
(b) Soak in hot water for 12 hours | |||||
Sandoricum indicum | Santol | Rub seeds with sant to remove fibers covering and wash well, dry under shade | 20 – 30 | 40–60 | |
Sesbania bispinosa | Prickly sesban | Soak for 24 hours | 5 – 8 | 6 – 10 | 10,000–15,000 |
Swietenia macrophylla | Mahogany | (a) Soak in hot water (50 °C) for 5 minutes | 14 – 28 | 2,300 | |
(b) Break off seed wings | |||||
Tamarindus indica | Tamarind | (a) Soak seeds for 5–6 days | 13 | 14 – 21 | 1,000–2,600 |
(b) Soak in hot water for 24 hours | |||||
Tectona grandis | Teak | (a) Soak seeds in running water for 24 hours, sun-dry for 1–2 days | 14 – 68 | 90 | 1,000 |
Wood Energy Development & Planning | |
1986. | Wood Energy Bibliography (F.D. 2) |
1987. | Wood Energy Policies and Strategies. Some Issues (F.D. 1) |
1988. | Catalogue of Wood Energy Institutions (F.D. 10) |
Wood Energy Conversion & Use | |
1986. | Wood Energy for Rural Industries - Thailand (F.D. 3) |
1986. | Wood Energy Systems for Rural and Other Industries - Sri Lanka (F.D. 4) |
1986. | Regional Workshop on Monitoring Techniques of Improved Stove Development Programme, Kathmandu, Nepal, June 15–24, 1986 |
1986. | Regional Training Course for Trainers on Improved Small Scale Charcoal Production, Saraburi, Thailand, October 27 – November 1986 |
1987. | Study Tour on Wood Energy Conversion/Utilization to Thailand & Philippines, October 4–19, 1987 |
1988. | Stove Programmes in Asia. Status Report (F.D. 6) |
1988. | The Use of Wood Fuels in Rural Industries in Asia & Pacific (F.D. 7) |
1988. | Wood Based Energy System in Rural Industries & Village Applications - Nepal (F.D. 11) |
1988. | Regional Training Course on Improved Cookstove Production, Ratchaburi, Thailand, June 7–16, 1988 |
1989. | Charcoal in Northeast Thailand. RRA of a Wood-based Small Scale Enterprise (F.D. 9) |
1989. | Wood Based Energy System in Rural Industries & Village Applications - Philippines (F.D. 12) |
1989. | Wood Based Energy System in Rural Industries & Village Applications - Pakistan (F.D. 13) |
1989. | Biomass Based Energy Systems in Rural Industries & Village Applications - Bangladesh (F.D. 17) |
1989. | Wood Based Energy System in Rural Industries & Village Applications - India (F.D. 18) |
Trees & Wasteland Development | |
1987. | Energy Plantations for Marginal & Problematic Lands - Pakistan (F.D. 5) |
1987. | Regional Training Course in Production & Use of Nitrogen Fixing Trees, Ratchaburi, Thailand, October 21–30, 1987 |
1989. | Problems & Potentials of Reforestation of Salt Affected Soils - India (F.D. 14) |
1989. | Development of Degraded Village Lands in India. Experiences and Prospects (F.D. 15) |
1989. | Problems & Potentials of Reforestation of Salt Affected Soils - Sri Lanka (F.D. 16) |
1989. | Wasteland Development for Fuelwood and Other Rural Needs (F.D. 19) |
1989. | Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. Ex Del. Pakistan (F.D. 20) |
1989. | Dalbergia sissoo, Roxb. Pakistan (F.D. 21) |
Community Forestry & Extension | |
1988. | Planning Forestry Extension Programmes. Report of a Regional Consultation (F.D. 8) |
1988. | Study Tour Social Forestry/Extension, India & Nepal, November 13–29, 1988 |
1988. | National Workshop Planning Forestry Extension Programmes India, held in Ahmedabad, January 11–13, 1988 |
1989. | Women's Role in Forest Resource Management. A Reader |
Project Committee Meeting | |
1985. | Report of the Technical Meeting, held in Bangkok, Thailand, November 5–8, 1985 |
1987. | Report Project Steering Committee Meeting, held in Bangkok, Thailand, July 7–10, 1987 |
1989. | Report Project Steering Committee Meeting, held in Bangkok, Thailand 30 October – 3 November, 1989 |
RWEDP PUBLICATIONS (1990 - PRESENT)
Wood Energy Development & Planning | |
1990. | Rural Energy Appraisal. Workshop Report. Philippines |
1990. | Rural Systems Analysis. Report of an International Training Workshop |
1991. | Wood Fuel Flows. Rapid Rural Appraisal in Four Asian Countries (F.D. 26) |
1991. | Wood Energy Sectoral Analysis: Bhutan (F.D. 32) |
1992. | Biomass & Energy Planning. Workshop Report, Manila, Philippines (F.D. 31) |
1992. | Fuelwood and Energy Sectoral Review: Vietnam (F.D. 33) |
1993. | Wood Energy Development: Planning, Policy and Strategies. Workshop Report, Chiang Mai, Thailand (F.D. 37) |
1993. | Marketing of Wood Fuels in Peshawar City, Pakistan (F.D. 38) |
1993. | Woodfuel Flows in The Dry Zone of Myanmar (F.D. 39) |
Wood Energy Conversion & Use | |
1990. | Wood Energy in Rural Industries in Asia. Papers & Report of a Regional Consultation. |
1991. | Expert Consultation Improved Cookstove Development Programme in South Asia Countries. |
1992. | Mangrove for Charcoal. The Case of Yeesarn, Upper Gulf of Thailand (F.D. 30) |
1992. | Wood/Biomass Based Energy Systems in Rural Industries & Village Application, Nepal |
1993. | Status and Development Issues of the Brick Industry in Asia (F.D. 35) |
1993. | Charcoal Production and Marketing in Gujarat (F.D. 36) |
1993. | National Conference on Conservation and Sustainability of Wood Based Energy System in Rural Industries & Village Applications, India, New Delhi, 28–30 October 1991 |
1993. | Chinese Fuel Saving Stoves - A Compendium (F.D. 40) |
1993. | Indian Improved Cookstoves - A Compendium (F.D. 41) |
Trees & Wasteland Development | |
1990. | Trees and Fuelwood from Non-Forest Lands; Pakistan (F.D. 22) |
1990. | Trees and Fuelwood from Non-Forest Lands; India (F.D. 23) |
1991. | Oak. Production, Management and Use in the Himalayas (F.D. 27) |
1991. | Small Scale Multipurpose Tree Production Systems in a Mountainous Region of India (F.D. 28) |
1991. | Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce: Its Production, Management and Use in Pakistan (F.D. 29) |
Community Forestry & Extension | |
1990. | Social Forestry in Integrated Rural Development Planning; Sri Lanka (F.D. 24) |
1990. | Social Forestry in Indonesia. Workshop Report (F.D. 25) |
1992. | Local Organizations in Community Forestry Extension in Asia (F.D. 34) |
Project Advisory Committee Meeting | |
1991. | Held in Colombo, Sri Lanka, 5–9 November, 1991 |
Wood Energy News Volume 1–8 (21 issues) |
CO-PUBLISHED WITH AND/OR PUBLICATION FROM OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
Asia-Pacific Agroforestry Network (APAN) | |
1992. | Report on Refresher Course for Agroforestry Trainers in Asia-Pacific |
1992. | Report on Regional Expert Consultation on Farmer-to-Farmer Adaptive Agroforestry Research, Cebu, Philippines |
1992. | Report of Agroforestry Information & Technologies Exchange Visit between Thailand & Lao PDR |
Forestry/Fuelwood Research and Development Project (F/FRED) | |
1990. | Household Fuel Availability and Homegardens in Some Selected Locations of Bangladesh |
1992. | NGOs and Tree-Growing Programs: Working Between Farmers and Governments |
1992. | Growing Multipurpose Trees on Small Farms |
Forests, Trees, and People Programme (FTPP) | |
1990. | Guidelines for Planning, Monitoring & Evaluating Cookstove Programmes. (FM 1) |
1990. | The Community's Toolbox. (FM 2) |
Save the Children | |
1992. | Collection, Storage and Treatment of Tree Seeds (in Thai) |