RAP Publication 2003/18
RAP Publication 2003/18
Myanmar Aquaculture and
Inland Fisheries
   
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
Bangkok, 2003
   
 
Table of Contents

The designation and presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), or of the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA), concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries.

All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for sale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to the Aquaculture Officer, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Maliwan Mansion, 39 Phra Atit Road, Bangkok 10200, Thailand or to the Director General, Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA), Surawasdi Building, Department of Fisheries, Kasetsart University Campus, Ladyao, Jatujak, Bangkok, 10900.

© FAO & NACA 2003

For copies write to:

Aquaculture Officer


FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific


Maliwan Mansion, 39 Phra Atit Road


Bangkok 10200


THAILAND


Tel: (+66) 2 697 4000


Fax: (+66) 2 697 4445


E-mail: [email protected]


Table of Contents


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

BACKGROUND TO THE MISSION

International mission team members
Myanmar fisheries sector

MYANMAR - MISSION REPORT ON INLAND AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES

Myanmar - aquaculture and inland fisheries

Inland fisheries and aquaculture resources
The role of inland fisheries and aquaculture in people's livelihoods in Myanmar
Participation in capture fisheries
Gender aspects
Securing food
Fish consumption
Identifying the poor
Understanding peoples livelihoods

Leasable fisheries

Auction process, duration of lease and renewal
Fishery management
Thaung Tha Man - Mandalay
Mandalay town
South Mandalay
Inle Lake

Open fisheries and rice field resources

Enhancement of freshwater leasable fisheries/culture-based fisheries
Reservoirs

Freshwater aquaculture

Land use for aquaculture
Rice-fish culture
Pond aquaculture
Freshwater species cultured in Myanmar
Stocking and harvesting
Government hatcheries
Private hatcheries
Feeds and feeding

Marketing

Inle Lake fishery and marketing

Institutions and their roles

The role of the Department of Fisheries (DoF)
The role of Myanmar Fisheries Federation (MFF)

Inland fisheries and aquaculture: conclusions and recommendations

Information and statistics and appropriate valuation of fisheries resources
Aquaculture and aquatic resources in rural development
Institutions, communications and networking
Research

MYANMAR - MISSION REPORT ON COASTAL AQUACULTURE

Myanmar - coastal aquaculture

Coastal aquaculture in Myanmar
Coastal habitats and resources
Brief history and status of coastal aquaculture

Sub-sector analysis

Shrimp farming
Crab farming
Marine and brackishwater fish culture (groupers and seabass)
Other species

Role of coastal aquaculture in people's livelihoods in Myanmar

Gender
Role of small-holder aquaculture?
Income diversification

Resources management and environmental issues

Coastal mangrove forests
Coral reef resource systems
Other environmental management issues for aquaculture

Government policies, plans and institutions

Institutions
Land use planning and coastal management
Business investment in coastal aquaculture
Market trends and implications

Coastal aquaculture: conclusions and recommendations

Coastal communities
Environmental issues and resource sustainability
Aquaculture technology
Institutional support and capacity building
Aquatic animal disease control and health management
Business investment in coastal aquaculture
Market trends and implications
Coastal fisheries resources
Entry points for support in coastal aquaculture

ANNEX 1: MISSION ITINERARY

ANNEX 2: A SHORT HISTORY OF THE MYANMAR LEASABLE FISHERIES

ANNEX 3: LIST OF PERSONS MET

ANNEX 4: READING AND REFERENCES


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