LSP Working Paper 7
Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme

 

The Culture of Access to Mountain Natural Resources

Policy, Processes and Practices

Stephen D. Biggs and Don Messerschmidt
International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD)
Nepal

December 2003

Cover photograph by Frits Ohler

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

Livelihood Support Programme (LSP)
An inter-departmental programme for improving support for enhancing livelihoods of the rural poor.

Table of Contents

This paper was prepared under contract with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The positions and opinions presented are those of the authors alone, and are not intended to represent the views of FAO.

Table of Contents

THE LIVELIHOOD SUPPORT PROGRAMME

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the study
1.2 Access and policy defined
1.3 Framework for analysis: an actor innovations systems framework

2. DISCUSSION AND FINDINGS

2.1 Competing narratives
2.2 Economic and financial imperatives
2.3 Policy processes and development practice
2.4 Poverty reduction and social inclusion
2.5 Sources of institutional and technological innovations

3. WAYS FORWARD

3.1 Future applications of the framework
3.2 Keeping up with the times
3.3 Brief analysis of some other sectors
3.4 Other countries in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya
3.5 Encouraging the institutions of democracy
3.6 Integration of social scientists within policy processes and innovation systems
3.7 Decentralization and devolution
3.8 Pro-active search for positive institutional innovations
3.9 Personal commitment: finding room to manoeuvre

4. CONCLUSIONS

5. CASE STUDY 1 - Community Forestry: Participatory Forest Management in Action

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Community forestry user groups defined
5.3 The history of community forestry in Nepal
5.4 The reality at implementation
5.5 Community forestry actor and roles
5.6 Community heterogeneity and stake of the poor
5.7 Inconsistent Government moves
5.8 Markets and entrepreneurship
5.9 Conclusions

6. CASE STUDY 2 - Targeting the poor: the Leasehold Forestry project

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Benefits to the leaseholding poor
6.3 Technical problems with Leasehold Forestry
6.4 The cost of access
6.5 Conclusions

7. CASE STUDY 3 - CFUG Federation: institutional innovation in practice

7.1 Introduction
7.2 Stages of CFUG networking and federation
7.3 FECOFUN’s organizational structure
7.4 FECOFUN’s main areas of activity
7.5 The Nepalese Federation of Forest Resource User Groups (NEFUG)
7.6 Conclusions

8. CASE STUDY 4 - Entrepreneurship and access: handmade paper from lokta bark

8.1 Introduction
8.2 Institutional moves to enhance access
8.3 Issues of access
8.4 Discussion
8.5 Conclusions

9. REFERENCES

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