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PART II - SYNTHESES OF INFORMATION ON SELECTED AFRICAN RESERVOIRS (continued)

PARTIE II - SYNTHESES DE L'INFORMATION SUR CERTAINS RESERVOIRS AFRICAINS (continuer)

LAKE NASSER (EGYPT) (continued)

Table 1. Morphometric features of Aswan High Dam reservoir and Lake Nasser at 160 and 180 m level

ParametersL. NasserEntire Reservoir
160 m180 m160 m180 m
Length (km)291.8291.8419.3481.3
Shoreline (km)5 3807 8446 0279 250
Surface area (km2)2 5855 2383 0576 216
Volume (km3)  55.6132.5  65.9156.9
Mean width (km)    8.9  18.0    7.0  12.5
Depth (m):Mean  21.5  25.2  21.6  25.2
 Maximum110.0130.0110.0130.0

Table 2. Water level (metres above MSL) in 1966–1982

YearMaximumMinimum
1966132.7119.02
1967141.3133.48
1968151.1145.29
1969156.4150.85
1970160.7153.81
1971164.7159.65
1972  167.53162.40
1973  164.67158.2  
1974  166.01161.0  
1975  170.38165.6  
1977  175.63171.72
1978  176.82172.55
1981177.4171.13
1982  175.95-

Table 3. Area and volume of the reservoir (Lakes Nasser and Nubia) at various storage levels

Level
(m)
Area
(km2)
Volume
(109m3, or km3)
120  450  5.2
125   600  7.8
130   74911.3
135   98815.6
1401 24221.2
1451 58928.3
1501 96237.2
1552 41448.1
1602 95061.5
1653 58177.9
1704 30897.6
1755 168121.3  
1806 118149.5  
1857 174182.7  

Table 4. Water temperature of Lake Nasser

Monthly values near High Dam
(November 1970–October 1971)
 Ranges (surface-bottom) of water temperature
MonthSurface water temperature
(°C)
SitesHigh DamEl-MadiqTushkaAdindan
Month/Years
    Winter  
November24.5February 197316.6–16.517.3–17.217.2–16.416.7–16.1
December21.0December 197421   –18.722.2–21.521.2–2120   –20.2
    Spring  
January18.0May 197423   –16.526.5–16.527.5–1825   –19
February17.9April 197818   –15.822.5–16.525   –16.523.5–15.9
March20.7April 197919.5–1724   –17.422.5–18---
    Summer  
April23.6July 1973---29.4–1828   –19.8---
May25.4August 197426   –1822.5–1930   –1827.5–19.2
June25.8June 197525.7–1727.7–1727.5–1729   –17.7
July28.6July 197527.5–17.728.2–1731.8–17.526.7–18
August29.3August 197527.4–18.228.7–18.2---27.6–18.7
September28.9July 1979------28.2–18---
    Autumn  
October26.3October 197524.2–18.726.7–1926.2–22.624.9–19.5
  October 197825   –17.126.7–19.926   –18.225.2–18.2

Table 5. Dissolved oxygen concentrations (mg/l) at different stations in selected years

 High DamGurf HusseinTushkaAdindan
SurfaceBottomSurfaceBottomSurfaceBottomSurfaceBottom
   A. Winter    
January 19758.57.49.967.996.76.4  9.2  7.68
February 19718.95.410.20  6.1810.46.0  12.5   8.70
February 19789.06.111.06.9012.46.1  10.2   5.80
   B. Spring    
March 19708.616.909.805.5710.40  4.1010.17  7.28
March 19767.065.888.382.909.167.199.826.54
April 197411.80  5.4013.40  5.508.285.409.003.35
April 19788.205.509.206.6012.00  6.908.905.50
April 19798.604.8010.80  4.8011.40  4.809.301.20
   C. Summer    
June 19706.64-8.400.009.330.006.420.00
July 19719.780.008.520.008.140.007.840.00
July 19748.102.606.000.009.300.006.300.00
July 19755.400.304.800.687.402.807.181.17
July 197910.00  0.008.400.008.400.008.500.00
August 19768.400.008.600.009.500.008.000.00
August 19779.000.006.200.007.001.407.000.00
   D. Autumn    
October 19788.200.009.000.007.650.008.600.00
November 19705.900.008.370.007.400.007.937.91
November 19745.200.005.252.005.506.006.145.90
November 197610.10  0.009.80 6.39 7.10 
November 19777.50 8.10 7.80 8.50 

Table 6. Water transparency (cm) of Lake Nasser and Lake Nubia (1972–1979) measured by Secchi disc

SiteLake Nasser      
MonthHigh DamAdindanSarraWadi HalfaAmakaMurshidSemnaAkasha
April 197222075180  140  170  160  8035
August 19721108041-----
February 1973410120  135  8181555452
July 19731308066473520  8  3
August 1976180100  70604515-  3
July 197912580112  112  6050-20

Table 7. Annual average transparency (cm) of Lake Nasser

SiteAswan High DamKalabshaGurf HusseinMadiqIbrimArminaAdindan
Period
1970/71174139133113    91.789      81.6
1974/7522017715315111593  70
1976/79223194157167139140  126

Table 8. Electrical conductivity (μmhos cm-1) of Lake Nasser

 High DamKalabshaGurf HusseinMadiqAmadaTushkaAdindan
   A. Summer   
July1973258.0251.0246.0243.0247.0256.0272.0
July1974231.7221.0220.6219.0215.3242.7256.9
July1975222.9--240.0--202.0--224.0
July1979----238.0--234.0237.0236.0
   B. Autumn   
November1970302.0298.0270.0231.0231.0212.0--
November1974240.2243.1235.3232.2210.9205.6185.1
November1976221.1--225.6--222.5--200.0
October1978272.5236.8250.1243.3241.0229.0228.0
   C. Winter   
February1973245.0244.0230.0220.0225.0227.0223.0
January1975237.5237.7232.7218.8212.0206.6187.7
February1977201.0--200.0--192.0--180.0
   D. Spring   
April1974253.6233.8229.0230.3225.5223.3169.0
May1977223.2--230.0--220.0--248.0

Table 9. Average values of electrical conductivity (μmhos cm-1)

SitesIIIIIIIVVVIVII
Season
Winter(February 1973, December 1974 and January 1975)    
 214.5244   233   222   216213199   
Spring(April and May 1974)     
 249231   231.5228.5224223198.5
Summer(July 1973, July and August 1974, June, July and August 1975)   
 229226.5225   226   231   237.5244   
Autumn(September and November 1974, November 1974 and October 1975)   
 265.5265.5250.5245.8237218205.8

Table 10. Nutrient concentrations (mg/l)

NutrientYearRangeAverage
SurfaceBottomSurfaceBottom
Orthophosphate1976/770.11–0.2350.20–0.3380.1670.282
 1970/710.066–0.1360.228–0.6820.1040.372
Nitrate1976/770.675–1.25   0.667–1.2670.95 1.01  
 1970/710.001–0.2640.04–0.2910.1080.138
Silicate1976/7714.5–20.5   15.83–19.217.04    17.34    
 1970/7113.5–15.6212.45–17.1814.66    15.96   

Table 11. Ranges of pH at various stations

DepthDecember 1974–January 1975February 1977 & February 1978
Surface7.85–8.198.25–8.95
30 m7.91–8.068.0  –8.85
Bottom7.85–8.088.0  –8.80

Table 12. Seasonal ranges of chlorides (mg/l)

Period Season1970/711975/761977/78
Winter2.41–4.6  4.33–8.046–8.2
Spring3.37–4.426.3  –9.7710.24–12.57
Summer4.05–5.366.59–8.559.07–11.73
Autumn1.53–3.474.6  –7.0  7.83–9.99
Absolute range1.53–5.364.33–9.777–12.57

Table 13. List of fish species for Lake Nasser

 FamilySpecies
1.PROTOPTERIDAEProtopterus aethiopicus
2.POLYPTERIDAEPolypterus bichir
3.MORMYRIDAEMormyrops anguillides
  Petrocephalus bane
  Marcusenius isidori
  Gnathonemus cyprinoides
  Mormyrus kannume
  M. caschive
  Hyperopisus bebe
4.GYMNARCHIDAEGymnarchus niloticus
5.CHARACIDAEHydrocynus forskalii
  H. lineatus
  H. brevis
  Alestes nurse
  A. baremose
  A. dentex
6.CITHARINIDAEDistichodus niloticus
  Citharinus citharus
  C. latus
7.CYPRINIDAEChelaethiops bibie
  Barilius niloticus
  B. loati
  Labeo forskalii
  L. niloticus
  L. coubie
  L. horie
  Discognathus vinciguerrae
  Barbus werneri
  B. perince
  B. neglectus
  B. anema
8.CLARIIDAEClarias anguillaris
  C. lazera
9.SCHILBEIDAEEutropius niloticus
  Schilbe mystus
  Siluranodon auritus
10.BAGRIDAEBagrus bayad
  B. docmac
  Chrysichthys auratus
  C. rueppelli
  Clarotes laticeps
  Auchenoglanis biscutatus
  A. occidentalis
11.MOCHOKIDAESynodontis schall
  S. serratus
  S. clarias
  Mochocus niloticus
  Chiloglanis niloticus
12.MALAPTERURIDAEMalapterurus electricus
13.CICHLIDAETilapia nilotica
  T. galilaea
14.CENTROPOMIDAELates niloticus
15.TETRODONTIDAETetraodon fahaka

Table 14. Calculated weight (g) for different age groups

 IIIIIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIXXXIXIIXIIIXIVXV
Tilapia nilotica412.41 301.02 209.02 836.0           
T. galilaea315.5   674,9   943.51 344.0           
Alestes nurse    1.21       4.79     10.81     19.52     34.52          
Labeo forskalii  95.9   274.5   624.2   924.21 332.0          
Eutropius niloticus  13.0     60.0   105.0   185.0   221.0   360.0         
Alestes baremose    3.37     27.27   100.8   265.18   497.49   705.97   977.0        
Labeo niloticus139.9   540.31 3422 260.53 3354 3955 404        
Barbus bynni156.1   521.91 1682 107.73 569.34 922.56 736        
Hydrocynus forskalii815   331.1   731.61 262.01 861.02 215.02 556        
Labeo horie172.2   708.21 638.02 615.03 864.05 429.06 8268 271       
L. coubie210.6   584.31 180.92 238.23 181.34 801.06 2327 232       
Lates niloticus300.0   850.02 350.03 611.04 598.06 098.06 2501 150--20 40029 55038 95043 90049 15053 800

Table 15. Diameter of mature ripe eggs of important fish species

SpeciesEgg diameter (μ)
Lates niloticus   600 –   775
Alestes nurse   800 –   825
A. baremose         925
Schilbe uranoscopus   800 –    825
Eutropius niloticus   850 – 1 025
Hydrocynus forskalii   850 –    950
Labeo coubie1 000 – 1 050
L. horie1 050 – 1 200
L. niloticus1 050 – 1 225
Synodontis serratus1 200 – 1 225
S. schall1 200 – 1 250
Bagrus docmac1 350 – 1 425
Mormyrus kannume1 925 – 2 170
M. caschive2 100 – 2 300
Tilapia nilotica      2 800
T. galilaea2 500 – 2 800

Table 16. Fecundity (number of ovarian mature/ripe eggs in peak of spawning season)

A. Variation with length
SpeciesStandard length range (cm)Average fecundity absolute (thousands)Relative (per cm body length)
Tilapia galilaea17.5–34.51.4– 7.2       80–     209
Alestes nurse  6.5–13.56.5–24.5  1 000–  1 815
Eutropius niloticus20–3431–65     1 425–  1 832
A. baremose24–4228.5–223.7  1 187–  5 326
L. niloticus27.8–51.589.2–618.3  3 208–12 006
B. Variation with age
Age groupLates niloticusAlestes baremoseEutropius niloticusTilapia galilaea
  Average 
I   3 300
II139 000  4 400
III262 000  28 50030 5004 900
IV481 900  97 90037 5005 600
V 140 80048 500 
VI 206 60055 000 
VII 223 700  

Table 17. Percentage of important fish species in total landings in selected years

YearsTilapiaAlestes and HydrocynusLabeo and BarbusLatesCatfishesOthers
196826.8135.1528.663.183.772.42
197041.4821.6017.649.295.454.54
197368.3913.13  5.094.673.375.34
197665.9919.01  6.943.171.133.76
197875.0917.45  4.071.910.431.04
198190.1  4.33.81.4  0.4  -

Table 18. Composition of fish landings according to food habits

YearsPeriphyton1 and planktonPlankton2Carnivorous3Omnivorous4
196826.8114.75  25.8732.57
197041.489.1  24.8924.53
197249.8110.04  23.5216.63
197458.958.8918.6813.48
197665.998.0114.6711.33
197875.097.3512.18  5.39

1 Tilapia
2 Alestes
3 Lates, Hydrocynus, Bagrus
4 Labeo, Barbus, synodontids, schilbeids, mormyrids

Table 19. Percentage of fresh fish landings in selected years

PeriodsYears
1967/71197519761981
January–February13.0113.9913.2715.28
March–April28.9429.5030.8129.87
May–June18.8615.7418.4615.07
July–August18.4716.0418.0612.13
September–October13.5013.9412.9511.84
November–December  8.1810.68  6.4715.81

Table 20. Distance between the suggested villages and projected Egyptian-Sudan road

Name of areaApproximate distance from the navigation channel
(km)
Approximate distance from the Egypt-Sudan road
(km)
Abu Simbel   4  1
Tushka   817
Eneiba-Ibrim2.520
Korosko2.562
El-Sibu0.757
El-Allaqi (south) 15-
El-Allaqi (north) 3550
El-Meharaka-Sayala   550
Mirwaw   552
Dihmit   517

Table 21. Percentage composition of fish species in the commercial catch from the River Nile (1976/78)

Fish speciesLocality
CairoBeny SweifEl-MeniaAssuitZiftaKafr El-Zaiat
Tilapia nilotica59.5  62.0  63.0  57.0  81.0  85.0  
T. galilaea2.02.01.04.51.0-
T. zillii1.01.01.02.01.01.0
Clarias lazera9.08.55.56.54.03.0
Bagrus bayad8.06.04.57.53.03.5
B. docmac0.51.02.54.5--
Synodontis schall3.52.04.53.00.50.5
Labeo niloticus6.57.57.56.53.02.0
Barbus bynni5.07.08.54.52.02.0
Alestes dentex1.01.00.50.51.01.0
Anguilla anguilla2.01.00.51.02.52.0
Lates niloticus1.51.01.00.5--

Table 22. Fish landings and number of boats from the River Nile (Egypt) in selected years

YearLandings
(t)
No. of boatsYearLandings
(t)
No. of boats
19584 0002 67119697 5605 504
   19708 9006 226
19613 5802 55219728 7008 966
19643 1402 88619747 5008 941
19653 5602 98619768 6009 614
19675 8003 36019799 00010 205  
   19808 40014 069  
Figure 1

Figure 1. A - Location of the Aswan High Dam reservoir in Egypt and Sudan
B - Lake Nasser and Lake Nubia

Figure 2

Figure 2. Maximal and minimal water levels (m a.s.l.) of Lake Nasser in the period 1965–1981

Figure 3

Figure 3. Regions of the Aswan High Dam reservoir

Figure 4

Figure 4. Monthly water temperature at the surface, and at 20 m and 40 m depths at El-Madiq and Tushka

Figure 5

Figure 5. Dissolved oxygen (mg/l) profile in Lake Nasser in different seasons at different selected stations in different years

Figure 6

Figure 6. Extent of flood turbid water in some selected years

Figure 7

Figure 7. Seasonal average Secchi disc transparency (cm) for some stations of Lake Nasser (1974–79)

Figure 8

Figure 8. Electrical conductivity (umhos cm-1) of Lake Nasser during summer and autumn in selected years. HD = High Dam

Figure 9

Figure 9. Average values of electrical conductivity of Lake Nasser in different seasons. HD = High Dam

Figure 10

Figure 10. Average maximum and minimum bicarbonate concentrations of surface and bottom water of Lake Nasser during 1970–78

Figure 11

Figure 11. Carbonate concentrations of Lake Nasser between 1970 and 1978

Figure 12

Figure 12. Phytoplankton at different stations along main channel of Lake Nasser in March and August 1976

Figure 13

Figure 13. Zooplankton at different stations along the main channel of the Nile flooded by Lake Nasser, March and August 1976. (A) Number (thousand/m3),
(B) Percentage of Copepoda, Cladocera and Rotifera

Table 14

Table 14. Commercial fish landings (1966–1981)

Table 15ATable 15B

Table 15. A - Percentage of fish of different food habit among landings of Lake Nasser
B - Comparison between lakes Nasser and Nubia, exploratory fishing in July 1979

Figure 16

Figure 16. Fish production per hectare or per m3 during 1968–78

Figure 17

Figure 17. Fish landings per boat and per fishermen

Figure 18

Figure 18. Suggested human settlement sites in Lake Nasser

Figure 19

Figure 19. Transportation and navigation routes in Lake Nasser

Figure 20A

Figure 20B

Figure 20. Frequency of main fish species in catch of gillnets (A) and trammel nets (B) (1972–1974)

Figure 21

Figure 21. Distribution of percentage of Alestes baremose and A. dentex (A) and Eutropius niloticus (B) in lakes Nasser and Nubia

Figure 22

Figure 22. Relationship between tilapia and total landings

Figure 23

Figure 23. Relation between Tilapia landings and male's gonad index

Figure 24

Figure 24

Figure 24. Length frequency composition of Tilapia nilotica and Tilapia galilaea

Figure 25

Figure 25. Mean length and weight of some species caught during experimental fishing in Khors El-Ramla and Kalabsha

Table 26A

Table 26B

Table 26. A - Relation between morph-edaphic index, alkalinity and fish yield in Lake Volta (Henderson et al., 1973)

B - Maximum bicarbonate concentration versus fish production in some years in Lake Nasser


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