Appendix 6. Level and nature of threats to the integrity of populations of important tree species in India

Species in ecogeographic (geo-ecological) zones	Reserves, natural areas	In situ conservation stand	Managed forest	Unmanaged forest	Plantation/ cultivated	Ex situ cons. stand, naturalized from cultivation	Villages, fields, homesteads	Experimental fields, trials	Degree of threat index
1. Abies delavayi (EH)	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	5, High
2. Acer caesium (WH)	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	3, Medium
3. Actinodaphne lanata (WG)	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	2, Low
4. Ailanthus kurzii (A.Is.)	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	3, Medium
5. Albizia gamblei (EH)	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	5, High
6. Amentotaxus assamica (EH)	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	5, High
7. Aquilaria malaccensis (EH&NEI)	+	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	4-5, Medium-High
8. Artocarpus hirsutus (EG & SI)	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	3-4, Medium
9. Bentinckia coddapanna (EG&WG)	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	3-4, Medium
10. Boswellia ovalifoliolata (EG)	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	3, Medium
11. Cephalotaxus griffithi (NEI)	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	4-5, Medium-High
12. Commiphora wightii (GP & WI)	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	3-4 Medium
13. Cochlospermum religiosum (N & SI)	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	2-3 Low-Medium
14. Dalbergia lanceolaria (NWI)	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	3-4 Medium
15. Dipterocarpus kerrii (A & N)	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4-5 Medium-High
16. Gleditsia assamica (NEI)	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	3-4, Medium
17. Gmelina arborea var. canescens (GP)	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	5, High
18. Hopea jacobi (WG)	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2-3, Low-Medium
19. Kingiodendron pinnatum (SW Ghats)	+	_	_	+	-	-	-	-	2-3, Low-Medium
20. Lagerstroemia hypoleuca (A. Is.)	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	1-2, Low
21. Madhuca bourdillonii (SWG)	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	2-3, Low-Medium
22. Mangifera andamanica (A. Is.)	+	-	_	+	-	-	-	-	1-2, Low
23. Mesua manii (A. Is.)	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	2-3, Low-Medium
24. Michelia punduana (NEI)	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	3-4, Medium
25. Picea spinulosa (E H)	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	4-5, Medium-High
26. Podocarpus neriifolius (A. Is., NEI)	+	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	2-3, Low-Medium
27. Populus gamblii (EH)	+	-	+	-	+	-	-	+	1, Low
28. Pterocarpus santalinus (EP)	+	-	-	-	+	+	-	+	1, Low
29. Rhododendron johnstoneanum (NEI)	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	4-5, Medium -High
30. Shorea thumbaggaia (EG)	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	5, High
31. Syzygium bourdillonii (SI)	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	4-5, Medium -High
32. Syzygium palghatensis (WG)	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	2-3, Low –Medium
33. Taxus baccata ssp. wallichiana (NW & EH)	+	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	3-4, Medium-High
34. Trachycarpus takil (WH)	+	-	-	+	-	+	-	-	4-5, Medium -High
35. Vateria macrocarpa (EP&WG)	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	2-3, Low Medium

Direct causes of threats may include Unmanaged use and harvesting; unmanaged grazing / browsing (domestic animals, wildlife); wildfires, environmental biotic/ abiotic factors (drought, pests, diseases, floods, pollution); clearing for agriculture and pasture land; infrastructure development (dams, mining, urban expansion); biological incompatibility for reproduction/interdependence for dispersal and regeneration; monotypic taxa

Threat Index (1-5):

1 = Implementation/enforcement of regulations probable and regulations scientifically sound. Low level of threat.

5 = Implementation/enforcement of regulations unlikely; or threat severe with high probability of genetic degradation or loss. High level of threat.

2-4 = Intermediate between 1 and 5.

Abbreviations:

A.Is. = Andaman Islands; A &N. = Andaman & Nicobar Islands; DP = Deccan Peninsula; EG = Eastern Ghats; EH = Eastern Himalaya; EP = Eastern Peninsula; GP = Gangetic Plains; NEI = North East India; SI = South India; SWG = South Western Ghats; WC = Western Coast; WH = Western Himalaya; WI = Western India; WP = Western Peninsula