Appendix
A
Guiding principles for rehabilitation
and development
Putting people first in rehabilitation
A
livelihood approach is recommended which ensures that natural systems have an
enhanced ability to provide a broad and sustainable range of livelihood
strategies, accessible to all members of these communities (including women,
children and marginalized groups). This
approach should also take into account the diversity of additional and existing
livelihood strategies available to people in coastal communities, such as
farming, fish processing, gardening, marketing etc. Key features are:
- reduction of vulnerability and potential risk
for coastal communities from future natural disasters (through for example,
efficient and consistent design and placing of infrastructure and protection of
the coastal zone environment);
- partnership and national ownership through
extensive stakeholder consultation and public participation regarding fishers
and fish farmers' objectives, which ensures respect for traditional uses,
access and rights;
- action based on a practice of co-management
that involves all stakeholders in policy formulation and decision-making, based
on adequate representation of the stakeholders and the best scientific
information available;
- an emphasis on flexible and adaptive
methods that respond to the complexity and differences in rehabilitation work
in different areas; and
- respect to the human rights of all
participants, especially with respect to labour standards, equity of
distribution of benefits, access to land.
Provision of assistance and rehabilitation based on humanitarian needs
rather than legal status.
Rehabilitation that is consistent
with international and regional agreements and guidelines
Any
rehabilitation activity should positively contribute to the following
agreements and guidelines:
- the goals on poverty alleviation and food
security contained in the Millennium Declaration;
- the ASEAN Resolution and Plan of Action
adopted by the Millennium Conference and BIMSTEC declaration;
- the principles of sustainable development
of fisheries and aquaculture that are set out in the FAO Code of Conduct for
Responsible Fisheries (CCRF), NACA Principles for Sustainable Aquaculture,
SEAFDEC Regional Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries in Southeast Asia; and
- the recently agreed UNEP principles for
tsunami reconstruction.
In
particular, action will follow a multi-sectoral approach which ensures that the
natural resource base of the coastal zone is sustained. This includes:
- integrated coastal zone management and an
ecosystems approach that recognizes the multiple use nature of the limited
natural resources base and involved planing for the fair allocates of resource
across users; and
- provision of support for institutional and policy
reforms that address fishing over capacity, unsustainable fishing practices and
unsustainable aquaculture.
Key principles for the subsectors
The goal of rehabilitation is to
achieve the following key features for the fisheries and aquaculture sectors.
For fishery a sector that:
- is based on a fishing capacity that is
commensurate with the productivity of the fishery resource, controlled through
the allocation of user/access rights to fish;
- is based on balance of small-scale
artisanal fisher folk fishing inshore water with
larger-scale “industrial” vessels restricted to off-shore areas supported by a
“pro-poor” policy that gives preference to beach-based labour intensive
fishing;
- is based on non-destructive fishing gear
and practices;
- provides adequate safety at sea provisions
and practices;
- is based on healthy ecosystems that have
been rehabilitated through participatory practices that involves the people
that depend on them;
- is based on good governance with strong
institutional support from both government and NGOs; and
- is supported by high quality on-shore
infrastructure that ensures food safety and
value-adding potential in post-harvest processing and sale of fish products.
For aquaculture a sector that:
- is based on environmentally sound
management practices that does not pollute, damage habitats or cause long-term
irreversible harm, including use of feed that is taken from sustainable sources
and seeds that are raised in environmentally sound hatcheries or taken from
sustainable fisheries;
- adopts technologies and farm management
practices that are appropriate to rural people with limited resources that
minimize the impacts of aquaculture on other users of the coastal environment;
and
- adopts an array of appropriate technologies
and farm management practices, including those suitable to people with limited
resources, which minimize impacts and which support: democratic self-determined farmer organizations; marketing,
processing manufacturing of inputs and outputs; fair trade and markets;
international and regional partnerships; and wide-scale communication,
facilitation of dialogue and sharing of experiences.
In addition, both fisheries and
aquaculture sectors should be supported by markets that:
- minimize losses and wastage, including
during transportation;
- are based on fish handling at sea to ensure
high quality of landed fish, and supported
by high quality on-shore infrastructure to ensure maximization of fish quality
and
value-added potential in the post-harvest processing and sale of fish products;
and
- are based on the provision of high quality
and safe food for human consumption.
The rehabilitation processes
The implementation activities will
follow a process approach and shall include the following elements:
- detailed impact/damage assessments and
needs analyses to be the basis of all rehabilitation activities;
- assessments of the institutional capacity of
different organizations at all levels (and economic sectors) to deliver
effectively, and the organizational ability of recipients to receive and
utilize any inputs;
- action will be taken with a clear
indication of measurable outcomes;
- emphasis on accountability and transparency;
- effective communication with actions supporting
coordinated partnership between government, NGOs, international agencies and
bilateral donors; and
- findings and outcomes communicated
clearly to development partners throughout the process.