NOTE: The English term (the first entry) is double-underlined, the corresponding French term(s) is single-underlined. An alphabetical list of all French terms is given at page 105. The number in brackets corresponds to the References (SECTION III).
Abundance Abondance
- used in fisheries to denote the relative numbers (8)
Acidity (of water) Acidité (de l'eau)
- number of hydrogen ions released in water, giving a pH of less than 7
Acidotrophy Acidotrophie
- waters in which the concentration of hydrogen ions is high, producing highly acidic reactions, and in which humic material is lacking
Active fishing Pêche active
- fishing with gear which is moved in order to catch fish
Additional catch Captures additionnelles
- supplementary catch obtained either purposely or accidentally
Adequate diet Alimentation équilibrée
- fully sufficient and balanced feeding
Adipose fin Nageoire adipeuse
- a small fleshy rayless fin on the back between the dorsal and caudal fins (18)
- a fleshy fin on the back behind the dorsal fin as in salmons, smelts, and lanternfishes (19)
- a fleshy fin on the back behind the dorsal fin, as in trouts, salmons, whitefishes, smelts, and catfishes (31)
Adult Adulte
- any animal that has attained full growth or is sexually mature normally, that is not precociously (13)
Advanced fry Alevin
- young fish especially from the time the yolk sac is absorbed
- for salmon and migratory trout, see “parr”
Aeration Aération
- introduction of air into the water
Aerator Aérateur
- apparatus by means of which air is introduced into the water
Aerobe Aérobie
- any micro-organism capable of living in the presence of oxygen; opposed to anaerobe
Aerobic Aérobie
- requiring free oxygen to maintain life processes (29)
- pertaining to oxygen-dependent form of respiration (30)
Aestival pond Etang de belle saison
- pond which contains some water throughout the open season but freezes to the bottom in winter (28)
Affluent Affluent
- stream that flows into another stream or lake
- tributary stream
Afloat Flottant (corps)
- floating on the surface of water
Age Age
- the number of years of life completed, usually indicated by a Roman numeral, or an Arabic numeral followed by a plus sign (27)
Absolute conversion rate (of food) Taux de conversion absolu(des aliments)
- an index obtained by dividing the quantity of food distributed by the extra growth belived to have been obtained only by that food (36)
Age at recruitment Age au recrutement
- age at which fish are recruited to fishable stock (51)
Age determination (of fish) Age des poissons(détermination)
- defining the age of fish on the basis of scales or other parts of skeleton, or on the basis of age distribution
Age distribution Age (distribution par groupes d')
- the relative abundance of individuals of various ages in a population (32)
Age group Age (groupes d')
- a group of fish at a given age. O group fish are fish in the first year of life; I group fish are fish in the second year of life; II group fish are fish in the third year of life. A fish born on 1 April remains in the O group until 1 April in the subsequent year, after which it is allocated to the I group, II group, etc. (1)
Air bladder Vessie natatoire
- a sac filled with air or other gases lying beneath the backbone and either attached or not to the walls of the body cavity (19)
- a membranous gas filled sac in the upper part of the body cavity (18)
Air bubble curtain Rideau de bulles d'air
- a continuous stream of bubbles emitted from a sunken hose perforated at intervals through which compressed air is released. Acts as fence by restricting movement of some fish species (13)
- type of fishing where a perforated polythene plastic pipe is laid along the sea floor to emit a curtain of bubbles, a path which the fish follow into a stop seine enclosure (2)
Air-hole Trou d'aération
- an opening in the ice over a body of water (42)
Air ploughing Aération benthique
- aeration, the pumping of air into the lower, oxygen depleted layer of a water body to encourage the mixing of deep and surface waters and/or the oxidation of bottom sediments (17)
Alevin Alevin vésiculé
- newly hatched salmon or related fish (usually) with a yolk sac attached, before it emerges from the spawning gravel to begin swimming freely (20)
- newly hatched, incompletely developed fishes (usually salmonids) still in nest or inactive on bottom, living off stored yolk (31)
- stage from hatching to end of dependence on yolk sac as primary source of nutrition (usually salmonids) (54–55)
Algae Algues
- primitive (or not primitive photosynthetic) plants that occur as microscopic forms suspended in water (phytoplankton) and as unicellular and filamentous forms attached to rocks and other substrates (35)
Alga-eating Phytophage
- animal feeding on algae, especially fish feeding on phytoplankton
Algal bloom
- see water bloom
Alkalinity (of water) Alcalinité (de l'eau)
- number of hydroxyl ions released in water, giving a pH greater than 7
Amelioration Amélioration
- betterment, improvement
Amphibious plant Amphibie (plante)
- plant adapted to life both on land and in water
Anaerobic Anaérobie
- not requiring free oxygen to carry on respiration (or metabolism) (29)
- pertaining to an oxygen-independent form of respiration (or metabolism) (30)
Anadromous Anadrome (espèce)
- pertaining to fishes which ascend fresh-water streams to spawn, e.g., salmon (4)
- up running; refers to fishes that leave seas and ascend streams to spawn (8)
- ascending rivers from the sea to spawn (18)
Anal fin Nageoire anale
- the ventral unpaired fin just ahead of the caudal peduncle (18)
- the fin on the median ventral line behind the anus (19)
Animal food Aliments animaux
- animal substances used as food (37)
Animal manure Engrais animal
- animal excrements used in different form as fertilizer
Angle Pêcher à la ligne
- to fish with a rod
Angler Pêcheur à la ligne
- one who fishes with rod
Angling Pêche à la ligne
- the act or art of fishing with a rod
Annulus Anneau
- the annual mark or zone on the scales, vertebrae, or other hard portion of a fish, which is formed once each year (8)
- a mark formed on a fish scale each year, often in late winter (18)
- a mark or marks formed on a fish scale or bone each year (31)
Aquatic Aquatique
- of or pertaining to water
Arm (of a water body) Bras (d'un plan d'eau)
- a narrower portion projecting from the main water body, as an arm of lake, branch of a river, etc.
Artificial fertilization Fécondation artificielle Fertilisation artificielle
- artificial fecundation carried out by stripping fish-breeders and mixing together the milt and eggs
Artificial food Aliment de complément
- any kind of feeds introduced from outside to water environment in order to feed fishes
Artificial hatching Incubation artificielle Eclosion artificielle
- hatching of fish under artificial condition
Artificial lake Lac artificiel
- man-made lake
Artificial manure Engrais chimiques
- chemical manure, composed of other than animal dung
Autumn overturn Circulation automnale Inversion automnale
- the period of mixing of previously stratified water masses which occurs in the autumn when water temperatures in the lake are uniform (17)
Artificial propagation Reproduction artificielle
- breeding of fish to increase the species under artificial conditions (53)
Artificial reproduction
- see Artificial propagation
Artificial spawning ground Frayère artificielle
- any man-made arrangement put into a water body for fish to spawn
Associated fishes Poissons d'accompagnement
- fish species as a rule occurring jointly with main species characteristic for given conditions
Automatic feeder Distributeur automatique d'aliments
- any implement for artificial feeding of fish working automatically, used especially in intensive fish culture
Autumn fry Estivaux
- fry caught at the end of vegetation period, usually characterized by relatively high vitality
Availability Disponibilité
- the fraction of a fish population which lives in regions where it is susceptible to fishing during a given fishing season (27)
Back-fin
- see Dorsal fin
Backwater Remous Contre courant Bras mort Ressac
- water turned back by an obstruction, opposing current, etc. (56)
- water held back from the main flow, as that which overflows the land and collects in low places or that forming an inlet approximately parallel to the main body and connected thereto by a narrow cutlet (56)
- an arm of the sea, usually lying parallel with the coast, behind a narrow strip of land (56)
Bag net Filet trappe
- pound net (2)
Bag Poche
- the centre part of a seine net between the shoulders and the cod end, or inclusive of the cod end, or only the cod end (2)
Bailer Ecope
- utensil for manual emptying a boat of water
Bait Escher Esche
- to put food (real or sham) on or in (hook, trap, fishing place) to entice fish or like
- real or sham food used to entice fish or like
Bait casting Pêche au lancer
- one of the four basic methods of angling requiring heavy lure which is cast into water. The lure drawn by line imitates a living bait alluring especially predatory fishes
Bait fish Vif
- usually small fish used as a bait
Bait fishing Pêche au coup
- one of the four basic methods of angling in which relatively heavy bait is dropped and left in water
Balanced diet Alimentation équilibrée
- diet which furnishes all necessary nutrients in such proportion and amount as will properly nourish a given animal (52)
- the way of feeding that includes all the essential feedstuff (14)
Bank Rive
- the margin of any water body especially of a river
- elevation of sand, mud, etc., in a river bed
- the ground near the river
Bank protection Rives (protection des)
- stabilization of river-banks in order to prevent deposition of material in the stream (49)
Barbel Barbillon
- a slender flexible projection near the mouth, usually provided with taste or touch receptor (18)
- an elongated, hair-like projection, usually about the mouth, chin or nose
Barbel section Zone à barbeau
- a zone in a river with moderate currents, but still with a considerable velocity; the appearance of species with a taller body, as for example, the barbel, dace, etc. (25)
Barbel zone (reach)
- see Barbel section
Barrage Barrage
- artificial bar in any watercourse to raise the level of water
Barrage pond Etang de barrage
- pond formed by damming a stream, hance crossed by all watercourse
Barricade Barrière à poissons
- a barrier usually of non-textile material which is erected to prevent the escapement of fish after they have entered the tail of a river, etc. (2)
Barrier lake Lac de retenue
- a lake formed by damming a water-course
Basic diet Aliments de base
- food which covers elementary nutritional requiremente, i.e., assuring normal development (of fish)
Basic slag Scories de déphosphoration
- artificial fertilizer containing phosphates obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of steel
Basin Bassin
- a hollow depression, natural or artificial, containing water (40)
- the area drained by a river and its tributaries
Basket trap Casier Nasse
- a wickerwork trap used for catching fish, crayfish, etc.
Bathymetric chart Carte bathymétrique
- a map of any water body with (different depth) countour-lines
Bathymetry Bathymétrie
- measurement of the depth at which the bottom and objects on it lie below the surface (16)
Beach seine Senne de plage
- a seine type net, often with the netting hung loosely to cause bagging, it is operated from the shore or a river bank, in a circular action (2)
Beck Torrent (petit)
- a small brook, especially a mountain stream with stony bed or rugged course
Bed Lit
- the ground at the bottom of any water body
- the submerged basin of a water body (56)
Behaviour Compertement
- any reaction of a whole organism (4)
Bend Coude Méandre
- a sudden turn of any water body especially river
Benthic Benthique
- of, or pertaining to, the bottom of a body of water (4)
Benthos Benthos
- organisms living on the bottom of a body of water (4)
- animals (and plants) living in the bottom substrata (in the water) (16)
- the lake bottom, the bottom region of a body of water. Also, the organisms which live in the bottom regions of a body of water (17)
Berry Oeufs de poissons ou de crustacés
- one of the eggs of a fish or a crustacean
Bioassay Essai biologique
- a test in which the quantity or strength of material is determined by the reaction to it of a living animal (6)
- the determination of the effect of any material on living organisms by testing it against living organisms under standardized conditions (8)
Biological indicators Indicateurs biologiques
- organisms that by their presence (or absence) tend to indicate environmental conditions (8)
- a form of vegetation or a species which indicates the presence of certain environmental conditions (4)
Biomass Biomasse
- the total quantity of living material in any particular body of water (8)
- the live weight of animals or plants (16)
- the total amount of organic matter present in a lake per unit area or unit volume (17)
Biotope Biotope
- a place of life; the totality of the environment for life, for any group or community of organisms (17)
Birth rate Taux de natalité
- ratio of birth to population usually expressed in percentage
Bloom Fleurd'eau
- a high population of minute aquatic organisms (plankton), especially algae (4)
- also see Water bloom
Blooming
- see Water bloom
Blow-line Soie
- in angling a light fishing-line with real or artificial bait, allowed to float over the surface of water with the wind
Blue-green algae Algues bleues
- Cyanophyta, the only algae in which photosynthetic pigments are not localized in chromatophores, and which do not have a nucleus. The pigments are masked by blue pigment: phycocyanin
Boarding the net
- see Hauling in
Bob Pelote de vers
- a bunch of worms used in fishing for eels
Bob-fly Santeuse
- in angling, a second artificial fly that bobo on the water, to indicate the position of the end-fly (40)
B.O.D. Demande biologique en oxygène (D.B.O.)
- abbreviation for biochemical oxygen demand; the amount of oxygen absorbed by a putrefying waste (6)
- biological or biochemical oxygen demand. The amount of oxygen in milligrammes per litre consumed in the biological decomposition of organic matter initially present in an enclosed sample of water. BOD5 is the biochemical oxygen demand over a period of 5 days at 20°C (35)
Bog Marais
- wet spongy ground, consisting chiefly of decayed moss and other vegetal matter
Bog-margined Marécageux (à bords)
- a water body with wet, spongy margins and difficult access to open water
Bottom Fond
- the ground of any body of water
Bottom configuration Configuration du fond
- shape of the bottom
Bottom feeding Bentophage (néologisme)
- any animal (especially fishes) which feeds on the organisms and substances occurring at/in the bottom
Bottom-land Terrains en contre bas
- lowland along a river (sometimes flooded)
Bow-net Nasse
- wicker-work fish trap of a cylinder shape with one narrow entrance, usually used for catching crayfish
Box trap Nasse (Parallellépipédique)
- box-shaped fish trap
Brackish water Eau saumâtre
- any mixture of sea water and fresh water with a salinity of less than 30 parts per thousand (10)
- mainly marine water with reduced salinity caused by the mingling of salty water with fresh water (14)
Brail Bourdon
- short stick fitted at each end of a beach seine for spreading purposes (2)
Brail net Salabarde Sallebarde
- small dip net for scooping out portions of the catch from the main net and transferring inboard (2)
Breadth of river Largeur d'une rivière
- the actual cross-channel measurement of water at a given time (23)
- the width at near bankfull stage (23)
Bream section Zone à brême
- a zone in a river with slow currents, bottom partly of silt, partly of sand, with water-weeds in the stream-bed, and a predominance of fishes with laterally flattened bodies, such as the bream, roach, rudd, etc. (25)
Bream zone (reach)
- see Bream section
Breeding Elevage
- purposeful selection of parent organisms for natural breeding
- act of producing
Breeding age Age de reproduction
- an age at which fish reaches sexual maturity, and is ready to spawn
Breeding bottom Frayères (zones de)
- part of a bottom suitable for fish spawning
Breeding colour Noces (parures de)
- skin pigmentation developed during spawning period
Breeding cycle Cycle de reproduction
- a period between hatching and the first spawning of a given generation
Breeding efficiency Taux de fécondation
- effectiveness of fecundation usually expressed in percentage
Breeding ground
- see Spawning ground
Breeding nursery Nursery
- nursery used mainly for selection purposes
Breeding place
- see Spawning place
Breeding pond
- see Spawning pond
Breeding season
- see Spawning season
Breeding stock Stock de reproducteurs
- stock of fish reared for selection purposes
- also see Brood stock
Brood Classe de recrutement
- an offspring, progeny hatched at the same time
- a race, a kind
Brood fish Reproducteurs
- sexually mature fish, especially for propagation in fish farms
Brooding establishment
- see Hatchery
Brood pond Bassin à reproducteure
- kind of holding pond in which breeders are kept before spawning
Brood stock Stock reproducteur
- stock of fish (breeders) used for reproduction
- spawning population
Brood year Année de naissance
- the year in which given generation was born, usually used for juvenile form
Brook Ruisseau
- small stream usually emerging from a spring
Brooklet Ruisselet
- a little brook
Bubble fence (screen)
- see Air bubble curtain
Bulk food Aliment fourrage
- food characterized by large volume and relatively low nutritive (feeding) value
Bulk of food Contenu de l'estomac
- the main mass of food especially stomach content
Bunt Poche d'un filet
- the bagging part of a fishing net
By-pass
- see By-pass channel
By-pass channel Canal de dérivation
- channel running along ponds used for regulating their water level; when feeding the pond with water called - supply channel
By product Sous produit
- a secondary product; any material or product obtained in the course of a specific process but not its primary object
Cage Cage
- a box or enclosure of wire, network, etc., often used for controlled fish-rearing in open water
Californian incubator Incubateur californien
- horizontal box-like apparatus for hatching fish-eggs, especially salmonids
Canal Canal
- artificial watercourse connecting water bodies used especially for navigation
Capacity Capacité Contenance
- ability to contain or receive
- greatest possible extent
Carbon dioxide Acide carbonique
- CO2
Carnivorous fishes Espèce carnivore (poisson)
- fishes feeding on flesh, these which naturally prey on other animals
Carp-like Carpe (semblable à)
- pertaining to fishes with body shape similar to carp
Carp with a single row of scales Carpe miroir
- carp having one row of scales of identical sises on its sides (36)
Carrier Vecteur
- an infected animal harbouring a specific infectious agent and serving as a potential source of infection to the rest of the population
Carrying capacity Stock limité Charge utile Charge biotique
- the maximum poundage of a given species of fishes that a limited and specific habitat may support during a stated interval of time (3)
- usually considered to be the maximum quantity of fish that any particular body of water can support over a long period (8)
Cascade Cascade
- small waterfall, one section of a broken waterfall
Cast Pêcher au lancer
- to throw a fishing-net, fishing-line, sounding-lead, etc.
Casting-net Epervier
- a net thrown into the water and at oncedrawn in
Cast-net Epervier
- conical net usually operated by one man, which is thrown to cover the fish. Also called: throw net, trow net (2)
Catadromous Catadrome (espèce)
- down running; refers to fishes, … that spawn in the sea, but live a large portion of their existence in fresh waters (8)
- going down rivers to the sea to spawn as does the eel (19)
Catch Capture
- act of catching fish, crayfish, etc.
- the amount of fish or like caught in a given period
Catchability Capturabilité
- the fraction, of the whole fish stock under consideration, which is caught by a defined unit of the fishing effort actually used (27)
Catch composition Composition des captures
- composition of the catch in respect to fish species, age, size, etc.
Catchment Captage(d'eau)
- catching and collection of water over a natural drainage area
Catchment basin (area) Bassin de réception
- area from which a given body of flowing or standing water is fed
Catch per unit of effort Capture par unité d'effort
- the catch of fish, in numbers or in weight, taken by a defined unit of fishing effort (27)
Caudal fin Nageoire caudale
- tail fin
Causative agent of disease Facteur de maladie
- factor which results in a disease as an effect of its activity
Causeway Digue
- a raised road across wet place or shallow water
Channel Chenal
- the bed of a stream, artificial or natural
- narrow piece of water connecting two larger pieces
Characteristic species Espèces indicatrices
- any species of living organisms used as indicators of given conditions in water environment
Chemical fertilizer Engrais chimiques
- fertilizer composed of inorganic matter
Chemical quality of water Qualité chimique de l'eau
- quality of water due to the content of various substances dissolved and suspended in it
Circular pond Bassin circulaire
- a circular raceway with a concrete perimeter and sloping down bottom to an outlet at the centre; water is introduced in such a way as to create an even circular current
Cirrus Cirrhe
- filamentary process or appendage, as the beard of some fishes (40)
Class frequency Fréquence de classes
- number of individuals occurring in a given class, i.e., possessing common attributes; also frequency of occurrence of a given class
Closed season Période de fermeture
- a period when fishing for particular species is restricted, with the intention of protecting that species during the breeding season (10)
Cluster Rassemblement provisoire
- a temporary union of a few shoals or elementary populations of fishes due to various causes (25)
Coarse fish Poissons blancs Espèces secondaires
- common fish species considered as being of inferior quality or value depending on given conditions
Coarse vegetation Végétation émergée
- a term loosely used to denote emergent plants especially reeds
Cod end Cul da chalut
- end of a trawl of seine net which acts as the receptacle for fish caught in the net. It is closed and held, at the extreme end, with a line (2)
Coefficient of condition
- see Condition factor
Colony Colonie Cohorte
- temporary, usually consisting of individuals of one sex, a protective grouping of fishes, which originates at the spawning grounds in order to protect the offspring from predators (25)
Commercial abundance
- see Commercial stock
Commercial catch Captures commerciales
- catch resulting from commercial fishery activities
Commercial fish culture Pisciculture commerciale
- fish culture aimed at achieving a profit and/or socio-economic benefits
Commercial fishery Pêche professionnelle
- fishery carried out in order to achieve profit and/or socio-economic benefits
Commercial size Taille légale
- minimal sizes of fish which may be captured (25)
Commercial stock Stock exploitable
- the part of the total fish stock which commercial fishery potentially could use in the course of its activities
Commercial yield Captures commerciales optimales
- the part of the total fish stock which commercial fishery obtains or could obtain
Community Communauté
- a general term applying to any aggregation of organisms irrespective of its successional position (4)
Competition Compétition
- the indirect effect (excluding predation) that one species may have on another through utilization of food, space, dissolved gases, spawning beds, etc. (8)
- struggle between organisms of the same or different species for necessities of life (10)
Complementary Complémentaire
- helping to constitute a whole or to supply a lack (42)
Complete fertilizer Engrais complet
- fertilizer having needed elements especially N, P, K
Concentrates Aliments concentrés
- feeds that are low in fibre and high in total digestible nutrients (52)
Condition factor Coefficient de condition
- an index that expresses the condition of fish in numerical terms, usually reflecting fluctuations of weight in relation to length (22)
- a measure of plumpness or fatness of a fish (6)
Condition index
- see Condition factor
Confluence Confluence
- a point of junction of streams
Confluent Confluent
- a stream which unites and flows with another (40)
Conservation of nature Conservation de la nature
- the preservation, protection and management of natural environment in a condition to fulfill human needs for a healthy and satisfying life
Contagious disease Maladie contagieuse
- an infectious disease transmitted by direct or indirect contact
Container Conteneur
- vessel, box, etc., designed to contain some particular articles (38)
Convection currents Courants de convection
- currents occurring in a water body as a result generally of temperature differences between water layers
Conversion rate (of food) Taux de conversion (des aliments)
- an index expressing in kilogrammes the amount of food necessary to produce one kilogramme of fish (36)
Cork line Ralingue des lièges
- headline (2)
Course of river Cours d'une rivière
- a tract of a river
Cove Anse
- a small inlet of the sea, creek, or bay
Cover net
- see Cast net (2)
Craft liftnet Carrelet
- framed shallow liftnet which is baited, sunk to the bottom by lines and weights, and occasionally hauled quickly to the surface (2)
Crayfish (crawfish) Ecrevisse Langouste
- a fresh-water crustacean, species belonging to Astacus and Cambarus, resembling a small lobster
- a marine crustacean belonging to Palinurus: spiny lobster
Creel Panier
- a wicker basket for fish, usually used by anglers
- a wicker trap for catching fish, crayfish, etc.
Creol census Registre des résultats de pêches
- a canvass of anglers to gather data on their catches, time spent in fishing, etc. (8)
Creek Crique Anse Ruisseau (terme américain)
- small inlet, bay on the seacoast or tidal estuary of a river
- small river (U.S.)
Ctenoid scale Ecaille cténoïde
- a teleost scale possessing small sharp spines or ctenii (8)
- scales bearing teeth or prickles on the exposed (posterior) margin (18)
- said of scales of most spiny-rayed fishes having posterior margin of scale with tooth (19)
Cull Trier
- to select or sort out (fish)
Cultivation of dried-out ponds Culture sur assec
- agricultural utilization of dried-out ponds in order to improve their productivity or achieve additional production
Cultural eutrophication Eutrophisation artificielle
- the acceleration of the natural process of ageing or maturation or nutrient enrichment in a lake as a result of man's activities or contributions (17)
Current Courant
- part of any body of water moving in a definite direction
- in general circulation or use, in progress
Cut-off Bras mort Méandre ocurt-circuité
- new natural or artificial channel cutting off a river bend
Cut-off Lac formé par un méandre de rivière court-circuité
- a lake formed by cutting off a river bend
Cycloid scale Ecaille cycloïde
- a teleost scale without spines or ctenii (8)
- oval or smoothly rounded scales having no prickles (18)
- said of the scales of typical soft-rayed fishes having smooth margins (19)
Dam Barrage Barrer
- any barrier for preventing the passage of water
- water confined by dam
- to hold back water by means of a dam
Dap Pêcher à la trembleuse
- to fish by letting a baited hook gently on the water
Dead lake Lac vieilli Lac comblé
- an ageing lake, usually overgrowing with water plants
Dead water Eau morte Remous de sillage
- absolutely still water
- the eddy water just behind the stern of a boat
Death rate Taux de mortalité
- ratio of death to population usually expressed in percentage
Decalcification Décalcification
- a process in which due to the uptake of carbon dioxide CO2 (by plants) the equilibrium between calcium bicarbonate Ca/HCO3/2 and the pressure of CO2 in water is destroyed, resulting in the precipitation of calcium carbonate CaCO3.
Decomposition Décomposition
- the process (mainly microbial) whereby a compound is broken down to its elements or to smaller compounds which are themselves not easily decomposed further (49)
Deep
- see Depth
Deficiency diseases Maladies nutritionnelles
- diseases caused by lack or insufficiency of some essential food constituents in a diet
Deficiency syndroms Syndromes de déficience
- abnormalities in functioning and morphology of internal organs and/or fish behaviour, growth and development appearing as a result of unproper feeding
Degree-days Degrés-jours
- the sum of successive days' water temperatures on the centigrade scale (26)
- the sum of the mean Celsius temperatures on successive days of development of fish eggs (34)
Degree of digestion
- see Digestibility
Delta Delta
- triangular tract of land formed at the mouth of a river enclosed or/and traversed by its diverging branches
Demand for oxygen Demande en oxygène
- amount of oxygen needed
Demersal Démersal
- on the bottom; also applied to fish eggs that are spawned on or sink to the bottom where they hatch (8)
Demersed Immergé
- situated or growing under water, especially aquatic plants
Denitrification Dénitrification
- the reduction from nitrate to nitrite, and further, to elemental nitrogen (17)
Density Densité
- number of individuals or other units per unit area (15)
Depletion of stock Déplétion d'un stock
- reduction of fish stock in respect to its number, amount or condition
Deposition of silt Envasement
- see Siltation
Depth Profondeur
- measurement from the surface of water downwards
- deep part of any body of water
Depth contour Lignes de niveaux Lignes de profondeur
- a line on a map of a water body connecting points having the same depth
Detergent Détergent
- a chemical surface-active substance used in place of soap, based peculiarly on phosphorous compounds
Detritus Détritus
- term given to fragmented organic material from plant and animal remains (6)
- suspended matter of organic origin permanently incapable of reproduction (12)
- organic debris from decomposing plants and animals (14)
- composed of more or less finely-divided organic material, such as bits of leaves, twigs, bark, remains of water plants, etc. (16)
- finely-divided, settleable material suspended in the water, both organic and inorganic (17)
Developmental stages Stades de développement
- defined periods or steps of the growth process and/or development of an organism
Development of shoreline Taux de développement des rives
- the ratio of the shoreline length to the length of the circumference of a circle of the same area as the lake (23)
Diacmic A deux pics
- having two maxima, usually pertaining to plankton development during vegetation season
Diet Régime alimentaire
- prescribed course of food, restricted in kind or/and quantity (40)
Dietary protein level Taux de protéines dans le régime alimentaire
- level of proteins in the diet as a rule equal to minimum protein level
Digestibility Digestibilité
- the degree into which given food can be digested and absorbed by an animal
Digger Défonceuse
- any implement for lifting and turning the soil or excavating (42)
Dike Digue
- natural or artificial watercourse
- embankment or dam
Dipnet Epuisette
- a small mesh bag, sometimes attached to a handle, shaped and framed in various ways. It is operated by hand or partially by mechanical power, to capture the fish by a scooping motion. Also called: scoop, scoop net (2)
Discharge Débit
- the total volume of stream water passing a point in a given period of time (23)
Discontinuity layer
- see Thermocline
Disease Maladie
- a deranged condition of an organism which may be inherited or caused by parasites, dietary deficiencies, or by physical and chemical factors in the environment (10)
Dish Récipient
- a dish-like utensil used for any purpose (mostly in hatcheries)
Distended scales Ecailles distendues Ecailles érigées
- erection of scales - a typical symptom of an acute form of infectious carp dropsy (carp septicaemia)
Distribution Distribution
- the way in which something is arranged or divided, also the act of those
Ditch Fossé
- long and narrow excavation dug out to receive or conduct water
Diurnal Journalier
- pertaining to a day, and often used to describe the action performed within 24 hours
Diversion pond Etang en dérivation
- pond supplied by a diversion of a stream, hence crossed only by a part of a watercourse
Diverter Fossé d'évacuation Canal d'évacuation
- a ditch constructed in order to direct wastes (water) from a given body of water
Dormant period (rest period) Période de repos
- any period during which an organism or some of its organs is/are inactive or with strongly reduced activity
Dorsal fin Nageoire dorsale
- the fin or fins on the back that bear spines or rays (18)
- the fin on the back, usually central in position (19)
- a fin on the back, usually central in position supported by rays or spines (31)
Downstream Vers l'aval
- in a direction of the current
Drag Traîner
- to pull the gear through the water (2)
Drag net Filet traînant
- net in which the capture of fish is effected by a horizontal pulling or dragging motion of gear (2)
Drag seine
- see Beach seine
Drain Drainer Vidanger Drain Drainage
- to draw or carry of (water, sewage, etc.)
- any implement for draining
- act of draining
Drainable pond Etang vidangeable
- pond from which water can be totally drawn out, but not to an extent enabling cultivation of the bottom
Drainage Vidage Vidange
- process, method or system of draining
- that which is drained off
Drainage basin Bassin versant Bassin de réception
- an area of land from which the natural drainage flows into a single stream (26)
- the total land surface from which a system of streams receives its waters (23)
Drainage ditch
- see Drain-channel
Drain box Moine
- an implement for draining out water, especially a monk
Drain-channel Canal de drainage Fossé de drainage
- an implement (channel) for draining
Draining Drainage
- drawing or carrying off water, sewage, etc.
Drain-pipe Canalisation de drainage Drain
- pipe used for draining
Drain water Eau de drainage
- water drained off especially by artificial drainage system
Draught Prise Trait
- catch of fish at one drawing of a net
- act of drawing a net for fish
Draught of fish Coup de filet
- a haul of fish (2)
Draw Vider Relever un filet
- to drain off contents
- to haul in (a fishing net)
Dredge Drague Draguer
- apparatus for clearing out mud, etc., from the bottom of a water body
- to bring up any material from under the water by means of a dredge
Dried-up pond Etang asséché
- pond from which water can be totally drawn out, to an extent enabling cultivation of the bottom
Drift Dérive Drift
- anything driven by currents of water
- action of drifting
Drift-net Filet dérivant
- large net for catching fishes, extended by weights at bottom and floats at top and allowed to drift
Drop line Ligne à soutenir
- a handline used without rod for still fishing (53)
Dry-fly Mouche sèche
- a hook covered with feathers, coloured silk, …to resemble an insect used as a lure in fishing and floating on the water
Dry matter
- see Dry weight
Dry weight Poids sec
- weight of any substance totally dehydrated
Dubisch method Méthode Dubisch
- a method of carp cultivation in which specially designed spawning ponds are distinguished
Dung Fumier Fumer
- excrement of animals, used as manure
- to manure
Dun fly Olive
- kind of artificial fly used in angling
Dung-worm Vers de fumier
- worm or larva found in cow-dung, used as bait for fishing (39)
Dy (Swedish term) Dy (terme suédois)
- limnic peat, a kind of dark lake bottom sediment rich in colloidal humic substances formed by plant decay in saprobic condition
Dyke
- see Dike
Dystrophic Dystrophe
- pertaining to lake of brown colour, with much organic matter in solution, poor in bottom fauna, and with a pronounced oxygen consumption (4)
Dystrophy Dystrophie
- waters low in lime content and nutrients, but having a high humic and acidic quality (17)
Echo sounder Sondeur à écho
- a device for sounding, based on sending sound waves and receiving their echoes from the bottom or various objects in water
Echo-sounding Sondage par écho
- measurement carried out by means of an echo sounder
Eclosion Eclosion
- the process of hatching from an egg (42)
Ecology Ecologie
- the branch of biology which deals with organisms in relation to their environment; the study of organic communities (4)
- the inter-relations between living organisms and their environment (8)
- the study of the relations of organisms to their environment (10)
- study of the relationships of animals and plants to their surroundings, both animate and inanimate (18)
Ecosystem Ecosystème
- any combination of living and nonliving components that, with a supply of matter and energy is selfsustaining over a defined period of time (35)
Ectoparasite Ectoparasite
- an organism that lives on another organism (the host) and is dependent on the host for its metabolism; for example, leeches on the skin of fishes (13)
Edible fish Poisson comestible
- fish suitable as food, usually commercial one
Eel-basket Nasse à anguille
- a trap of basket-work with funnel-shaped entrance for catching eels (40)
Eel-buck Nasse à anguille
- a large basket used to catch eels
Eel-fare Montaison des civelles ou pibales
- the passage of young eels upstream
Eel-pot Bosselle
- a form of basket trap for catching eels
Efferent Efférent
- conducting or conveying away from
Efficiency of fertilizers Efficacité des engrais Effet des engrais
- the degree in which fertilizers give a desired effect
Effluent Effluent
- flowing out
- stream flowing from larger stream, lake, reservoir, etc.
- outflow from sewage tank
Effluents Effluents
- discharged polluted waters, also after purification treatment
Efflux Ecoulement
- flowing out
- that which flows out
Egg Oeuf
- the female reproductive cell of fish and many water invertebrates usually deposited externally
Egg-bearing season Saison pendant laquelle la femelle porte ses oeufs
- a period during which a female is carrying eggs
Egg-laying Ponte
- the action of depositing eggs
Egg-laying area
- see Spawning area
Egg mass Dépôt d'osufs
- laid eggs, especially in large amount
Egg pouch
- see Egg sac
Egg sac Sac d'oeufs (des cladocères)
- the envelope enclosing the ova of the Cladocera
- see ovary
Egg yolk Vésicule vitelline
- the yellow part of an egg, containing vitellin and other proteins, and serving as nourishment for the embryo and (often) larvae
Electrical conductivity of water Conductivité électrique de l'eau
- ability of water to conduct electric current, depending on salt concentration
Electrical fence
- see Electric screen
Electrical fishing Pêche à l'électricité
- fishing with electrical devices based on electro-taxis and electro-narcosis phenomena
Electric screen Barrière électrique
- a series of electrodes across a waterway (or hung in a water body) which serve to exclude fish from selected areas or to direct their movements (into trapping devices, fish passes, etc.) by an action of electric field
Electro-narcosis Electronarcose
- state of immobility resulting from muscular slackening of fish due to electric current
Elementary population Population élémentaire
- usually of one age, frequently a life grouping of fishes in the same biological condition, and with the same rhythm of biological processes (25)
Elver Civelle Pibale
- a young eel which has metamorphosed and which is usually found in estuaries or on its way up rivers (1)
Embankment Digue Levée
- a raised bank or any structure for confining a river, etc.
- the act of embanking
Embouchure Embouchure
- the mouth of a river or stream
Embryo Embryon
- one of the different stages of fish development into egg
Embryonal stage Stades embryonnaires
- pertaining to different stages of fish development in egg
Emerge Emerger
- come up out of water
Emerge from egg Eclore
- to hatch
Emergent aquatic plants Plantes aquatiques émergées
- rooted plants, submerged at their basal portions and projecting out of the water for part of their length
Emergents
- see Emergent aquatic plants
Emersed aquatic plants
- see Emergent aquatic plants
Emptying Vidange Vidage
- to make empty, to draw off water
Empty-gutted Avec le tube digestif vide
- fish with empty intestines
Endoparasite Endoparasite
- an organism that lives inside another organism (the host) and is dependent on the host for its metabolism (13)
Encircling gill net Filet maillant tournant
- gill net paid out in a circle or an arc of a circle, and the gilling process is hastened by frightening the fish with various devices (2)
Enclosure Enclos
- that which encompasses, encloses, or shuts in, as a fence, barrier, wall, etc.
Enmesh Capturer au filet
- to entangle or catch in a net
- to entrap
Enrichment Enrichiasement
- making more rich (as water in nutrients)
Entangling net Folle
- net which effects the capture of fish by entanglement (2)
Environment Environnement
- conditions or influences under which any organism lives (14)
Environmental conditions Conditions d'environnement
- all factors conditioning structure and form of life within a defined space, both physical and biological (26)
Environmental disease Maladies dues à l'environnement
- disease caused by improper environmental conditions, e.g., lack of oxygen, temperature variations, etc.
Environmental resistance Résistance de l'environnement
- the difference between the potential ability of a population to increase and the actual observed performance (33)
Enzootie Enzootie
- an animal disease indigenous to or established in a certain locality
Ephemeral stream Cours d'eau temporaire
- a stream which has water only in some periods
Epilimnion Epilimnion
- the upper layer of water in stratified lakes (4)
- the layer of water above the thermocline in stratified lakes (8)
- the upper layer of water in a lake, being warmer and less dense than the lower waters (17)
Epizootic Epizootie
- disease attacking a large number of animals, nearly simultaneously (as an epidemic) (13)
Epizootiology Epizootiologie
- study of the simultaneous outbreak of a disease among many members of a population
Equipment Equipement
- all things necessary for a particular kind of work
Estimate by eye Estimation à vue d'oeil
- a rough appraisal of the value, number, amount, extent, etc.
Estuary Estuaire
- mouth of a large river up which the tide flows
Eutrophic Eutrophe
- pertaining to lakes low in oxygen content in the bottom waters, rich in nutrients, and productive of plants and animal life (4)
- refers to a type of lake characterized by a high ratio of volume of epilimnion to hypolimnion, a high rate of sedimentation, and high productivity (8)
- waters rich in nutrients, well nourished (17)
Eutrophication Eutrophisation
- the process whereby deep clear lakes of low productivity gradually become shallower and more productive, eventually filling up completely and becoming dry land (8)
- the complex sequence of changes initiated by the enrichment of natural waters with plant nutrients (35)
Eutrophy
- see Eutrophic
Evaporation Evaporation
- diffusion of water vapour to the atmosphere occurring below the boiling point of water
Evaporation loss Perte par évaporation
- loss of water due to evaporation
Expanding population Population en expansion
- ecological term referring to developing population characterized by a strong tendency to occupy new ecological niches
Experimental fishing Pêche expérimentale
- use of fishing gear to determine the properties of the gear itself, or of the entire unit of which the gear is part, especially with regard to its effect on the fish stocks (16)
Experimental station Station expérimentale
- a place where… experiments are developed and conducted with a view to improvement in methods and products (42)
Exploitable age Age d'exploitation
- any age of fish in a fishable stock
Exploratory fishing Pêche exploratoire
- use of various types of fish-searching equipment and fishing gear to ascertain kinds of fish present in an area, and to obtain some idea of the magnitude of the stocks of these (16)
Extensive fish culture Pisciculture extensive
- fish culture requiring relatively low level of expenditures (per area unit) and most frequently giving low incomes
Eyed egg Embryonné (oeuf)
- fish egg in which pigmented eyes of an embryo are visible
Factor Facteur
- a circumstance, fact, or influence which produces a result, e.g., physical, chemical, and biological factors (14)
Fairway Chenal Passe
- navigable part of a river, usual course of vessels
Falling nets Filets lances
- kind of cone-shaped fishing nets thrown out on the water surface, enclosing and trapping the fish as they sink
Fall overturn Inversion automnale Circulation automnale
- the overturn that takes place in autumn
Farm manure Fumier
- kind of manure from large cattle and swine farms, usually characterized by very high BOD
Fattening pond Etang de production Etang d'engraissement
- pond in which table fish is produced
Fatty degeneration Dégénerezcence graisseuse
- a condition in which the efficient cells of particular organs are enveloped in or replaced by fat
Favourite food Aliments favoris
- kind of food preferred above others, searched for
Fecundity Fécondité
- the capacity of females to produce young (5)
- the number of ripening eggs in the famale prior to the next spawning period (24)
Feed Alimenter S'alimenter
- to give food to…
- to take food
Feeder channel Canal d'alimentation Canal d'amenée
- channel supplying water to any receptacle
Feeding Alimentation Aliment
- the act of giving or taking food
- food
Feeding ground Aire d'alimentation Aire d'engraissement
- part of the bottom rich in food available to fish
- place where fish are fed
Feeding mixture
- see Food mixture
Feeding place Lieu d'alimentation
- part of the feeding ground where fish actually feed
Feeding ratio Coefficient alimentaire
- weight of food consumed divided by increase in weight of an animal, during a given time interval (34)
Feeding value Valeur nutritive
- a term referring to the nutritive value of different feeds, i.e., expressing the amount of nutrients furnished by each feed and the degree of their digestibility (52)
Feed pipe Tuyau d'alimentation
- a pipe for conveying or distribution of water, etc.
Feeds Aliments
- the materials on which animals are fed
Feedy fish Poisson nourri
- fish with food in its intestines
Female Femelle
- (fish) producing eggs
Fertilization Fertilisation
- the act of applying a material improving the productivity of soil or water
- fusion of male reproductive cell with female one
Fertilizer Engrais
- a material applied to soil or water to improve their productivity
