Appendix Table 1. Rural poverty in China, 1978–2004
| Year | Poverty based on China's official poverty line | Poverty based on international standards ($1/day in PPP) | |||
| Poverty line (yuan/year) | Number of the poor (million) | Poverty incidence (%) | Number of the poor (million) | Poverty incidence (%) | |
| 1978 | 260 | 32.9 | |||
| 1979 | 239 | 30.2 | |||
| 1980 | 218 | 27.6 | |||
| 1981 | 194 | 24.4 | |||
| 1982 | 140 | 17.5 | |||
| 1983 | 123 | 15.3 | |||
| 1984 | 200 | 89 | 11.0 | ||
| 1985 | 206 | 96 | 11.9 | ||
| 1986 | 213 | 97 | 11.9 | ||
| 1987 | 227 | 91 | 11.2 | ||
| 1988 | 236 | 86 | 10.4 | ||
| 1989 | 259 | 102 | 11.6 | ||
| 1990 | 300 | 85 | 9.4 | 280 | 31.3 |
| 1991 | 304 | 94 | 11.0 | 287 | 31.7 |
| 1992 | 317 | 80 | 8.8 | 274 | 30.1 |
| 1993 | 350 | 75 | 8.3 | 266 | 29.1 |
| 1994 | 440 | 70 | 7.7 | 237 | 25.9 |
| 1995 | 530 | 65 | 7.1 | 200 | 21.8 |
| 1996 | 580 | 58 | 6.3 | 138 | 15.0 |
| 1997 | 640 | 50 | 5.4 | 124 | 13.5 |
| 1998 | 635 | 42 | 4.6 | 106 | 11.5 |
| 1999 | 625 | 34.1 | 3.7 | 96.7 | 10.5 |
| 2000 | 625 | 32.1 | 3.4 | 94.2 | 10.1 |
| 2001 | 630 | 29.3 | 3.2 | 90.3 | 9.8 |
| 2002 | 627 | 28.2 | 3.0 | 86.5 | 9.2 |
| 2003 | 637 | 29.0 | 3.1 | 85.2 | 9.1 |
| 2004 | 668 | 26.1 | 2.8 | 75.9 | 8.1 |
Sources: Poverty data for 1978–1988 are from World Bank (China: Strategies for Reducing Poverty in the 1990s, 1992); 1989–2004 data are from the Rural Social and Economic Survey Service of the NSBC, various issues.
Appendix Table 2. Regional aggregations
| Description | Original GTAP v6 regional aggregation | |
| China | Mainland, China | Mainland, China |
| HK | Hong Kong SAR | Hong Kong, China |
| TW | Taiwan Province of China | Taiwan, China |
| JapKor | Japan and Republic of Korea | Japan, Republic of Korea |
| SEA | Southeast Asia | Indonesia, Viet Nam, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Singapore |
| India | India | India |
| OthAsia | Other Asia | Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, rest of South Asia, rest of Southeast Asia |
| AusNzl | Australia and New Zealand | Australia, New Zealand |
| NAFTA | North American Free Trade Area | Canada, United States, Mexico |
| SAM | South and Central America | Central America, Caribbean, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, rest of Andean Pact, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, rest of South America, rest of the Caribbean |
| EU15 | European Union | Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden |
| CEEC | Central European Associates | Hungary, Poland, Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Malta, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Estonia, rest of Europe |
| Russia | Russian Federation | Russian Federation |
| ROW | Rest of World | Switzerland, rest of Efta, Turkey, rest of Middle East, Morocco, rest of North Africa, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, other Southern Africa, Uganda, rest of Sub-Saharan Africa, former Soviet Union, Botswana, rest of Sacu, rest of world |
Appendix Table 3. Sector aggregation
| Description | Original GTAP v6 sector aggregation | |
| Rice | Rice, paddy and processed | Paddy rice, processed rice |
| Wheat | Wheat | Wheat |
| Cgrains | Coarse grains | Cereal grains (nec) |
| Oilseed | Oilseed and vegetable oils | Oilseed, vegetable oils and fats |
| Sugar | Sugar raw and processed | Sugar cane, sugar beet, sugar |
| Pfb | Plant-based fibre | Plant-based fibre |
| Othcrop | Horticulture and other crops | Vegetables, fruit, nuts, crops (nec) |
| Ctl | Cattle and red meat | Cattle, sheep, goats, horses and their meat |
| Oap | Pig & poultry-white meat, wool | Animal products (nec), wool, silk-worm cocoons, meat products |
| Milk | Raw milk and dairy products | Raw milk, dairy products |
| Fish | Fish | Fish |
| Ofood | Food products (nec) | Food products (nec), beverages & tobacco products |
| Forestry | Forestry | Forestry |
| Energy | Energy | Coal, oil, gas |
| Minerals | Minerals | Minerals |
| Texlea | Textiles and leather | Textiles, apparel, leather products |
| Manu | Manufactory | Wood and paper products, publishing, metal products, motor vehicles and parts, transport equipment (nec) petroleum, coal products, chemical rubber plastic prods, mineral products (nec), ferrous metals, metals (nec), electronic equipment, machinery and equipment (nec), manufacture (nec) |
| Serv | Services | Electricity, gas manufacture, distribution, water, construction, trade, transport (nec), sea transport, air transport, communications, financial services (nec), insurance, business services (nec), recreation and other, public admin/defence/health/educat, dwellings |
Appendix Table 4. The adjusted own-price and income elasticities for China
| Own-price elasticity | Income elasticity | ||||||
| GTAP 2001 | Adjusted 2001 | GTAP 2001 | Adjusted 2001 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | |
| Rice | -0.08 | -0.27 | 0.4 | 0.04 | 0.03 | -0.05 | -0.10 |
| Wheat | -0.06 | -0.29 | 0.4 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.00 | -0.10 |
| Coarse grains | -0.06 | -0.26 | 0.4 | -0.35 | -0.35 | -0.38 | -0.41 |
| Oilseed | -0.16 | -0.57 | 0.8 | 0.42 | 0.41 | 0.34 | 0.28 |
| Sugar | -0.07 | -0.60 | 0.4 | 0.55 | 0.50 | 0.42 | 0.35 |
| Fibre | -0.22 | -0.50 | 1.1 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.06 |
| Horticulture | -0.12 | -0.65 | 0.4 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.45 | 0.40 |
| Beef and mutton | -0.26 | -0.78 | 1.2 | 0.66 | 0.65 | 0.50 | 0.42 |
| Pork and poultry | -0.37 | -0.65 | 1.2 | 0.56 | 0.55 | 0.47 | 0.40 |
| Milk | -0.25 | -0.89 | 1.2 | 1.05 | 1.04 | 0.88 | 0.76 |
| Fish | -0.28 | -0.67 | 1.2 | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.69 | 0.58 |
| Processed food | -0.28 | -0.55 | 0.9 | 1.12 | 1.04 | 1.08 | 1.12 |
| Forestry | -0.26 | -0.26 | 1.3 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 |
| Energy | -0.27 | -0.27 | 1.3 | 1.29 | 1.29 | 1.29 | 1.29 |
| Minerals | -0.26 | -0.26 | 1.3 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.25 |
| Textile and apparel | -0.29 | -0.29 | 1.1 | 1.25 | 1.11 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Manufacture | -0.41 | -0.41 | 1.3 | 1.26 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 |
| Services | -0.48 | -0.48 | 1.2 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 |
Appendix Table 5. Comparison of I-O parameters in the original GTAP and adjusted ones
| Rice | Wheat | Coarse grains | Pork & poultry | |
| GTAP Version 6 database in 2001 | ||||
| Rice | 47 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
| Wheat | 0 | 21 | 0 | 12 |
| Course grains | 0 | 0 | 54 | 1 |
| Oilseed | 3 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
| Sugar | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Fibre | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other crops | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Cattle and red meat | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Pig, poultry, wool | 2 | 2 | 1 | 27 |
| Milk | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Fish | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other foods | 1 | 2 | 1 | 25 |
| Forestry | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Energy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Minerals | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Textile and apparel | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Manufacture | 20 | 51 | 30 | 3 |
| Services | 15 | 22 | 12 | 10 |
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Adjusted database in 2001 | ||||
| Rice | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Wheat | 0 | 17 | 0 | 2 |
| Course grains | 0 | 0 | 13 | 14 |
| Oilseed | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Sugar | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Fibre | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other crops | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Cattle and red meat | 2 | 0 | 0 | 40 |
| Pig, poultry, wool | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Milk | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Fish | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other foods | 2 | 2 | 2 | 16 |
| Forestry | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Energy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Minerals | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Textile and apparel | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Manufacture | 49 | 64 | 69 | 4 |
| Services | 29 | 12 | 12 | 14 |
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| 2002–2005 | 2006–2010 | 2011–2015 | 2015–2020 | |
| Land | -0.30 | -0.30 | -0.30 | -0.30 |
| Labour | 2.75 | 2.50 | 2.06 | 2.06 |
Unskilled labour | 1.40 | 1.20 | 0.70 | 0.70 |
Skilled labour | 3.90 | 4.90 | 5.50 | 5.50 |
| Capital stock | 9.21 | 8.73 | 8.47 | 8.34 |
Source: Walmsley et al. (2000); van Tongeren et al. 2004.
Appendix Table 7. Summary of import and export tariff equivalent in China, 2001–2020
| Import tariff equivalent % | Export tariff equivalent % | |||||||||
| GTAP | 2001 | 2005 | 2010 | 2020 | GTAP | 2001 | 2005 | 2010 | 2020 | |
| Rice | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | -9 | -5 | -3 | 0 |
| Wheat | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Coarse grains | 88 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Oilseed | 85 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sugar | 19 | 35 | 21 | 13 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Fibre | 3 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Horticulture | 20 | 35 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 0 | -10 | -6 | -3 | 0 |
| Beef and mutton | 15 | 45 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 0 | -5 | -3 | -2 | 0 |
| Pork and poultry | 8 | 20 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 0 | -18 | -10 | -6 | -2 |
| Milk | 20 | 50 | 11 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Fish | 12 | 14 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 0 | -18 | -9 | -6 | -3 |
| Processed food | 22 | 22 | 17 | 15 | 15 | 0 | -9 | -5 | 0 | 0 |
| Forestry | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Energy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Minerals | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Textile & apparel | 19 | 19 | 12 | 12 | 12 | -5 | -5 | -2 | 0 | 0 |
| Manufacture | 12 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Services | 0 | 19 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Source: CCAP. Similar assumptions were also used in van Tongeren and Huang (2004); Ianchovichina and Martin (2004).
| China | Hong Kong SAR, China | Taiwan Province of China | JapKor | SEA | India | Other Asia | AusNzl | NAFTA | SAM | EU15 | CEEC | Russian Federation | ROW | |
| Export structure | ||||||||||||||
| Food + feed crops | 1.5 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 6.5 | 0.3 | 3.6 | 6.2 | 6.0 | 2.7 | 13.2 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 3.1 |
| Processed food | 1.8 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 3.9 | 0.6 | 3.2 | 2.5 | 4.8 | 2.1 | 8.1 | 3.2 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.5 |
| Animal products | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 15.6 | 1.6 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.9 |
| Fibre | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.5 |
| Forestry | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 0.3 |
| Energy | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 3.4 | 6.4 | 10.2 | 2.3 | 9.2 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 36.6 | 26.0 |
| Minerals | 0.3 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 2.0 | 0.30 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 6.0 | 0.3 | 4.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 1.2 |
| Textile & apparel | 24.3 | 11.0 | 10.6 | 23.9 | 4.6 | 7.6 | 53.5 | 15.7 | 2.7 | 7.2 | 4.7 | 9.9 | 1.1 | 5.7 |
| Manufacture | 64.4 | 10.0 | 78.9 | 42.3 | 85.2 | 66.2 | 11.5 | 34.8 | 67.8 | 40.2 | 67.2 | 63.7 | 48.2 | 41.5 |
| Services | 5.8 | 78.6 | 8.9 | 20.3 | 0.1 | 14.2 | 17.1 | 19.2 | 20.1 | 14.8 | 20.3 | 19.5 | 8.2 | 18.3 |
Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Import structure | ||||||||||||||
| Food + feed crops | 2.3 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 4.5 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 9.2 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 5.4 | 4.1 |
| Processed food | 1.0 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 4.0 | 2.1 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.9 | 3.1 |
| Animal products | 1.3 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 4.4 | 1.8 |
| Fibre | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 10 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.1 |
| Forestry | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
| Energy | 2.7 | 0.3 | 6.4 | 16.4 | 10.5 | 4.0 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 4.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 5.3 | 1.7 | 3.4 |
| Minerals | 1.5 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Textile & apparel | 8.0 | 19.0 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 6.5 | 3.4 | 14.2 | 5.6 | 7.1 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 7.9 | 7.6 | 6.2 |
| Manufacture | 67.8 | 55.3 | 73.7 | 51.7 | 51.5 | 70.0 | 61.26 | 68.0 | 69.9 | 63.8 | 61.2 | 66.1 | 49.0 | 61.4 |
| Services | 14.5 | 19.0 | 11.8 | 19.8 | 20.4 | 16.5 | 19.01 | 19.0 | 13.7 | 18.4 | 21.0 | 13.5 | 26.6 | 19.4 |
Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
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