Appendix 3. Results of working group sessions

Issue 1. Safety

1. Absence of warning systems or preparedness

1. Countries should develop, install and link early warning systems to the regional warning systems currently being developed

2. Countries should enhance public address systems and private communication systems for warnings

2. Poor public awareness and preparedness for disasters

1. Countries should ensure that awareness programmes are designed and implemented at all levels, specifically for areas like Indonesia, hold public drills

3. Countries should carry out vulnerability assessments (at national and local levels) of their coastal zones against major disasters (natural and human-induced)

1. Countries should develop national vulnerability assessment frameworks to be used at subnational levels using accepted, appropriate and available methodologies

4. Lack of appropriate & good building practices on the coast.

1. Countries should develop and strengthen, as appropriate, building design codes (including elevated structures for coastal protection), and enforcement of these codes

2. Identify, where appropriate, evacuation rules for the settlement

5. Need to develop sound coastal resource management plans based on rigorous interdisciplinary science, community (incorporate disaster management into coastal area management plans) Linked to governance and implementation

1. Countries should develop more effective measures within coastal management plans, including for disaster management and climate change involving coastal communities and incorporating interdisciplinary science

Issue 2. Governance and implementation for integrated coastal area management

1. Coordination mechanisms: The organizational framework to oversee and facilitate coordinated and integrated coastal zone management is not in place or is not sufficiently effective in many countries

1. Countries should set up institutional structures that are mandated by law to coordinate ICZM

2. Countries should have an organizational structure with adequate powers and position to effectively implement CZM

2. Adequate policies and plans

1. Countries should review, enhance and update ICZ policies and plans in light of regional, national and local lessons learned from the tsunami

2. National, regional and international organizations should collate, analyze and disseminate lessons learned from the tsunami.

3. Need to develop implementation guidelines for ICZM

1. Countries should develop guidelines for implementation of ICZM

2. Countries may examine the Cairo and Hyogo frameworks and other international/regional frameworks in light of their own ICZM practices

4. Adequacy of funds

5 Monitoring mechanisms

6. Institutional continuity

7. Centralized and decentralized approaches

8. Decision-making

10. Integration

11. Coordination

Issue 3. Balancing development and environment and managing conflict

1. Countries should establish good practice for public hearings for SEAs and EIAs

2. Countries should examine and integrate land-use planning and coastal management planning, which reconciles with sectoral plans where appropriate

3. Countries should conduct Strategic Environment Assessments (SEAs) for specific areas and particular sectors, projects and other development legislation

4. Countries should establish legal, transparent, participatory and fair processes for land-use planning and decision-making.

Issue 4. Empowerment of communities

1. Need to identify the relevant stakeholders, including resource-use communities and administrative communities

1. Responsible agencies should identify relevant groups, including administratively defined communities and communities of resource users

2. Need to develop a plan of consultation with these stakeholders

1. Appropriate authorities should develop a plan of consultation with community stakeholders on various aspects of community resource use and management

3. Inability of stakeholder groups to participate effectively in decision-making.

1. Assist communities to participate in decision-making in a meaningful way

2. Countries should developing training, skills and capacity building, training of community rights in ICM for local communities, elected representatives and bodies and administrators

Issue 5. Data and information (generation and dissemination), research, communication

1. Need to develop useful socio-ecological database for coastal areas

1. Planners should identify relevant and essential data needed for proper coastal area management

2. Countries should allocate funding and resources (technical expertise) for developing appropriate databases

2. Need to enhance public access to data, reports, information, laws etc. through web sites and other media

1. The coordination agency should take up responsibility to ensure public access to data, reports, information, laws, etc., through Web sites and other media and ensure sharing and dissemination of information

3. Need to strengthen countries’ capacity to access and use (nationally and internationally available) data in a form that is useful for the country’s coastal management purposes

Land use; zoning; RPR

• Legal clarification of land-use rights adopted

• Digitized land registration system introduced
• Land zoning as means for common services introduced
• Community participation in common property management encouraged

• Access & land-use rights, except forest, not well-defined

• Old land registration system open to malfeasance
• Forest encroachment rampant

Ecosystem maintenance; biodiversity

• Ignorance about the role of ecosystem services

• Impacts of imbalanced ecosystem on climate change
• Dependence on CR a necessity of marginalized populations

• Active campaign using factual examples and simple messages launched

• Continuing scientific and action research on environmental friendly intervention pursued
• Land zoning as means for common services introduced

Community participation

• Lack of political will in ICZM

• Community participation a missing link in ICZM planning and implementation
• Weakness of communities in informed decision-making
• Role of NGOs in bridging the gap between government and communities

• Political commitments in ICZM insisted

• Involving community in co-management stressing learning-by-doing intensified
• Promotion of community learning center and info exchanges pursued
• The role as intermediary of NGOs recognized and promoted.

Integration of services

• Unclear incentives and benefits for intersectoral collaboration

• Past collaboration aiming at “products” frequently failed
• Collaboration at local level very much lacking
• Leadership a key to success or failure in intersectoral collaboration

• Incentives for the collaboration generated and promoted

• Process-based collaboration promoted
• Local collaboration, with the help of NGOs, in learning-by-doing initiated
• Systems and measures to promote proactive professionalism evolved

Institutional & capacity building

• Institutional missions frequently revised by new regime

• Institutions serving intermediary and coordination role absent/weak
• Policy refinement can be assisted by vertical integration
• Specific roles played by different agencies in the hierarchy often confusing

• Legal provision making it difficult to change institutional mission evolved

• Intermediary/coordination role recognized and institutions established
• Empirical experiences from policy implementation as inputs to policy refinement adopted
• System analysis on specific roles of agencies performed

“Opportunistic mentality” (ranging from survival strategies up to exploitation of the current situation)

• There are some tendencies that people rush for new but short-lived economic opportunities and leave their sustainable livelihood options (e.g. construction work vs. agriculture)

• There is a possibility that in the long run most people, particularly the younger generation, become unemployed because short-term new economic opportunities cease, but they have lost their skills, knowledge and interest in the “traditional” sectors such as agriculture, agroforestry, fishery and forestry

Note: This could be a positive development for the fisheries and forestry sectors (limited resources)

• Creating a balance between short-term economic opportunities and long-term sustainable sectors and livelihood options

• The development of integrated links between short-term opportunities and longer term sustainable livelihood options (e.g. the development of water canals for aquaculture, irrigation in agriculture, tree crops in agroforestry)
• Supporting the development of value-added sectors: Services and better production technologies, postharvest-related livelihood options, marketing
• The development of knowledge, skills and technical capabilities of the local people and staff of agencies

2. Violation of zonation laws/spatial planning

• Some of the current development programmes violate government spatial plans (by community members, government agencies, NGOs and investors)

• The current spatial planning involves little participation of local communities and non-government stakeholders
• One single, uniform standard approach in the buffer zone not suitable for all cases

• Revise the current spatial planning, taking into account the following measures:

➢ increase the accuracy of the geomapping;

➢ - incorporate sociocultural and economic markers in the geomapping (for example property rights, cultural values);

➢ - increase community and other stakeholder participation in the process of spatial planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation; and

➢ - buffer zone width needs to adapted to reflect the level of risk (not uniform)

3. Lack of coordination between different development agencies (government, NGOs, donor agencies)

• Competition between development agencies

• Limitations in BRR (structural, technical) in coordinating development programmes
• ICZM at subdirectorate level in BRR not in a position to act effectively

• Improve coordination between BRR, NGOs, government (province, district and local) communities

• Use the forum formed by NGOs and the government at the district level to collaborate and support the coordination
• Foster a forum or working group for ICZM (built on the ICZM task force)
• Expand technical expertise of ICZM within BRR
• Increase the status of the ICZM unit in BRR to Deputy level and expand to include representation from line ministries

4. Lack of community-based approach/participatory principles

• Lack of coordination between various stakeholders

• Many cases where the projects have conflicting objectives
• Tendency of implementing agencies to design and implement projects without proper planning and community consultations
• Social conflict arising from �enforced” projects and activities

• Develop codes of conduct and guidelines to avoid “double compensation” and “elite capture” of assistance

• Better database information and regular updating

5. Sustainable development

• Existing database not suitable for long-term development and planning

• Donors/projects still in “relief or emergency” mode; more money than that can be spent effectively (resource waste)
• Regionalization of BRR may pose problems in terms of delegation or devolution of expertise
• Prepare exit strategy for BRR
• Little recognition for resource management (renewable, limited natural resources)

• Increase the capacity of local government

• Redesign database
• Continue assessment by BRR of the progress of development projects (including the updated, comprehensive RAND database)
• Strengthen the BRR assessment team for effective monitoring of implementation (through participation of stakeholders)
• Adding some basic formation in the database (population, economic opportunities, etc.)
• Capacity building for BRR
• Consider follow-up costs of projects
• BRR to establish guidelines towards development direction and better apply its “filter” function for project approval
• BRR and others to strengthen provincial and district capacity to gradually take over functions beyond 2009 (internship, support)
• BRR staff (post-2009) to be absorbed by local governments (would need increased salary level)
• Revision of UU Aceh (LOGA) and implementing guidelines should be in line with sustainable development
• Improve regional cooperation in education, health, manufacturing sectors
• Improve disaster risk management and sustain its function (early warning capacity, information chain for “last mile”)