4. INTEGRATED FISH-CUM-LIVESTOCK FARMING

The integration of fish-cum-livestock farming such as pig/fish and duck/fish had also been demonstrated. Fish farming with pig raising increases farm income. Studies conducted both on backyard and commercial operations showed annual rates of return on investment from 43 percent to 54 percent in the case of backyard operations and from 19 percent to 42 percent in commercial scale.

The backyard type consists of 6–10 pigs in a 1 000 m² pond and 1.0 ha for the commercial operations with 60–80 pigs. Capital costs are shown in Table 8.

Table 8. Capital costs of pig-fish farming ¹

¹ From Ruben C. Sevilleja, Economic Analysis of Integrated Pig-Fish Farming Operations in the Philippines. Aquaculture Economic Research in Asia, IDRC-193e. 1981 p.

		Commercial growing	Backyard	Small breeding and growing
Piggery
	Buildings per pen	53 000	2 000	80 000
	Tools and equipment	1 000	32	1 600
	Water system	7 000	250	12 000
	Other fixtures	1 000	-	1 400
	Total	62 000	2 282	95 000
Fishpond
	Pond construction at
	10.50/m³	38 360	2 756	43 071
	Water system	2 750	1 322	2 750
	Nets at 26/m	2 772	975	3 120
	Buckets at 35 each	3 920	350	3 850
	Total	47 802	5 403	52 791

The operating costs and returns of integrated pig-fish farming operations are as follows¹:

¹ From Ruben C. Sevilleja. Economic Analysis of Integrated Pig-Fish Farming Operations in the Philippines. Aquaculture Economic Research in Asia, IDRC-193e. 1981.

			Commercial growing^a	Background^b	Small breeding and growing
Piggery^c
	Costs
		Stock/weanlings	27 200	1 578	12 000
		Feeds	68 551	2 405	71 899
		Labour	3 600	-	4 896
		Drugs and medicine	600	12	2 280
		Fuel	-	-	1 603
		Repairs and depreciation^d	4 000	231	6 000
		Electricity	-	-	3 900
		Taxes and licences	-	-	11 136
		Freight	1 386	-	-
	Total costs		105 537	4 226	113 714
	Returns
		Pig sales	88 200	6 050	116 894
		Sale of empty feed bags	1 188	-	7 140
		Sale of manure	-	-	2 400
	Total returns		89 388	6 050	126 434
Net income			(16 149)	824	12 720
Rate of return on investment (ROI) (% per year)^e			-	43.2	19.5
Fishpond^f
	Costs
		Fingerlings at 90.05 each	6 000	720	7 800
		Irrigation fee at 390/ha/year	260	39	338
		Land rent at 1 950/ha/year	1 300	195	1 690
		Labour at 15/man/day	555	-	675
		Manureg	-	_	2 400
		Poison at lO.50/ha/application	21	3	27
		Pond maintenance and depreciation	4 483	417	3 956
	Total costs		12 619	1 374	16 886
	Returns
		Fish sales:
		Tilapia at 9.00/kg	26 820	3 735	41 436
		Carp at 5.00/kg	3 000	255	4 500
	Total returns		29 820	3 990	45 936
Net income			17 201	2 616	29 050
Rate of return on investment (ROI)			54	57.6	82.5
Integrated
Total capital investment			109 802	7 685	147 791
Total costs			118 156	5 600	130 600
Total returns^g			119 208	9 040	172 370
Net income			1 052	3 440	41 770
Rate of return on investment (ROI) (% per year)			1	54	42

^a Assumes an 8-month production cycle.

^b Assumes a 10-month production cycle.

^c Based on actual costs updated to 1980 levels. Does not include opportunity cost of land used by the piggery because area is minimal.

^d Estimated.

^e Backyard: ROI/period × 1.2; other ROI/period × 1.5.

^f Based on Hopkins et al. (in press).

^g Opportunity cost of manure (income foregone), for small breeding and growing operation only.

Integrated fish-livestock farming