6. POTENTIALS FOR EXPANSION OF OYSTER/MUSSEL FARMING FOR SMALL-SCALE FISHERMEN

Improved techniques of oyster farming is available; there are abundant natural oyster grounds and environmental conditions for. growing oysters are favourable all year round.

What is lacking is government incentive by way of policy on small-scale coastal fishery resource uses supporting the development of oyster and mussel culture in new areas other than those traditionally used at present. Identification of such areas for this would be required to provide small-scale fishermen with alternative fishery occupations. Oyster and mussel farming activities in certain grounds could form part of the overall fishery activities of fishermen as part of a coastal resource management system.

In 1982 a Seafarming Study made by the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme estimated the potentials for expansion of oyster and examined the extent of possible municipal fishermen that could enjoy the benefits of said expansion nationwide. Tables 6 and 7 summarize the location and number of farms and potential areas for development.

Table 6. Estimated potential for expansion of oyster farming

			Area now used		Potential area
Region	Province or location	Number of farms	(ha)	Source of information	(ha)	Source of estimate	Remarks	Sanitation (estimated)	Accepted estimate (ha)
NCR	Manila Bay	-	none	BFAR	35	BFAR	Navotas	Grossly polluted	none
							Paranaque
							Las Piñas
I	Pangasinan	386	16.8	BFAR	5 000	BFAR/RO	April 1981
					2 000	BFAR/RO	May 1981
					675–800	CDS/CDS	Bolinao Bay	Clean
					330	PSF	Bolinao to Caquiputan	Clean
					3 000	SFS	Tambac Bay	Clean
					100	SFS	Dagupan/Binmaley	Polluted	4 000
	La Union	39	3.7	BFAR	1 000	BFAR/RO
					200	SFS	Sto. Tomas	Polluted	200
							Sta. Lucia
							San Fernando
	Ilocos Sur	11	1.3	BFAR	100	SFS	Sta. Maria, Vigan	Polluted	100
	Ilocos Norte	19	0.7	BFAR	20		Badoc, Laoag	Polluted	20
II	Cagayan	32	9.5	BFAR	26	BFAR		Clean	30
III	Zambales	-	none	BFAR	20	BFAR SFS	Port Matalvis	Clean	20
	Bulacan	145	18	BFAR	17	BFAR		Polluted	20
	Bataan	-	none	BFAR	10	BFAR			10
IV	Cavite	300	3001	PCARR	2	BFAR	¹17.6 ha (BFAR)	Polluted	none
							To be terminated by reclamation within ten years
	Marinduque	-	none	BFAR	5	BFAR		Clean	5
	Mindoro	-	none	BFAR	10	BFAR		Clean	10
	Palawan	-	none	BFAR	20	BFAR		Clean	20
	Batangas		none	BFAR	none	BFAR		Clean
					100	SFS			100
					50	BFAR
	Quezon	-	none	BFAR	1 200	CDS	Padre Burgos
					200	SFS	Padre Burgos	Clean	200
	Romblon	1	2.0	BFAR	none	BFAR			none
V	Camarines Norte	-	none	BFAR	13	BFAR
	Camarines Sur	1	0.1	BFAR	4	BFAR
	Albay	-	none	BFAR	2	BFAR
	Catanduanes	2	0.1	BFAR	6	BFAR
	Masbate	-	none	BFAR	3	BFAR
	Sorsogon	32	6.6	BFAR	1 500	BFAR SFS		Clean	530
VI	Capiz	160	50¹	BFAR/RO	45	BFAR	¹Tinagong	Clean
							Dagat only
							= 30 ha
					500²	BFAR/RO	²Est. including	Clean	500
							Visan, Panay,
							etc.
	Aklan	9	8.3	BFAR	10	BFAR
					100	SFS	Inshore of	Clean	100
							mussel farms
							and at Bata
	Iloilo	14	3.3	BFAR	15	BFAR	Banate Bay	Polluted	15
	Antique	-	none	BFAR	2	BFAR	-		5
	Negros Occ.	48	7.8	BFAR/RO	49	BFAR	1.2 ha - BFAR
					100	SFS	Hinigaran Himamaylan	Polluted	100
VII	Cebu	-	none	BFAR	none	BFAR
					100	SFS	Carmen Bay	Clean	100
	Negros Or.	-	none	BFAR	none	BFAR			none
	Bohol		none	BFAR	none	BFAR
					100	SFS	Calape Inabanga	Polluted	100
	Siquijor	-	none	BFAR	none	BFAR			none
VIII	Leyte	-	none	BFAR	none	BFAR
					2 000	CDS/SFS	Biliran St.	Clean
							Leyte Bay
					200	CDS/SFS	Cancabato	Polluted	2 000
	Samar	1	0.3	BFAR	none	BFAR	Bay, Tacloban
					200	CDS/SFS	Silanga Bay Catbalogan	Polluted
					500	SFS	Maqueda Bay	Clean	500
IX
	Zamboanga del Norte	-	none	BFAR	1	BFAR
	Zamboanga del Sur	-	none	BFAR	1	BFAR
	Basilan	-	none	BFAR	3	BFAR
	Tawi-tawi	-	none	BFAR	3	BFAR			10
X	Misamis Occ.	-	none	BFAR	10	BFAR
	Misamis Or.	-	none	BFAR	10	BFAR
	Surigao del Norte	-	none	BFAR	10	BFAR
	Camiguin	-	none	BFAR	10	BFAR
					50	SFS	For region		50
XI	Davao del Sur	-	none	BFAR	25	BFAR
	Davao Oriental	-	none	BFAR	170	BFAR
	Surigao del Sur	2	0.5	BFAR	10 400	BFAR SFS	For region		400
XII	Cotabato	-	none	BFAR	none	BFAR			none
	Lanao del Sur	-	none	BFAR	none	BFAR			none
	Total	1 202	429						9 145

¹ BFAR = Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
BFAR/RO = BFAR Regional Office
BFAR/LAB = BFAR Laboratory
CDS = Center for Development Studies (1975)
SFS = Sea Farming Study reported herein
NCR = National Capital Region

Source: SCS/82/WP/103

Table 7. Number of municipal fishermen who could benefit from expanded oyster culture

Region	Number of municipal fishermen (1977)	Potential expansion (ha)	Average area per farm (assumed) (ha)	Additional farms	Percent of fishermen who could grow oysters
I	43 553*	4 320	0.2	21 600	49.6**
II	11 793	30	0.2	150	1.3
III	36 595	50	0.2	250	0.7
IV	66 026	335	0.2	1 675	2.5**
V	63 912	530	0.2	2 650	4.1
VI	35 865	720	0.2	3 600	10.0
VII	67 147	200	0.2	1 000	1.5
VIII	46 549	2 500	0.2	12 500	26.5**
IX	44 111	10	0.2	50	0.1
X	29 419	50	0.2	250	0.8
XI	42 536	400	0.2	2 000	4.7
XII	13 159	-	-	-	-
Total	500 665	9 145	-	45 725	9.1

* BFAR, 1977 in "Expanded Fisheries Development Program" quoted in Smith, et. al., (1080)

** Priority regions (Provinces of Pangasinan, Quezon and Samar) Source: SCS/82/WP/1 03

For the expansion of oyster farming, a total of 9 145 ha could be developed which could benefit 9.1 percent of municipal fishermen.

In the case of mussel farming, a total estimate potential of 4 925 ha is available for development which could benefit about 9.8 percent of municipal fishermen (Tables and 9).

Table 8. Estimated potential for expansion of mussel farming

			Area now used		Potential area
Region	Province or location	Number of farms	(ha)	Source of information	(ha)	Source of estimate¹	Remarks	Sanitation (estimated)	Accepted estimate (ha)
NCR	Manila Bay	1	10.3¹	BFAR	25	BFAR	Navotas	Polluted	none
I	All	-	none	BFAR	none	BFAR			none
II	All	-	none	BFAR	15	BFAR			none
III	Zambales	-	none	BFAR	23	BFAR			25
	Bulacan	-	none	BFAR	10	BFAR			10
	Bataan	-	none	BFAR	9	BFAR			10
IV	Cavite	134	70	BFAR	2	BFAR	To be terminated by land reclamation within ten years	Polluted	none
	Marinduque	-	none	BFAR	5	BFAR			5
	Mindoro Or.	-	none	BFAR	10	BFAR			10
	Palawan	-	none	BFAR	25	BFAR		Clean	25
	Quezon	-	none	BFAR	35	BFAR
					1 200	CDS	Padre Burgos
					200	SFS	Padre Burgos	Clean	200
	Romblon	1	2	BFAR	2	BFAR			5
V	Albay	-	none	BFAR	2	BFAR
	Camarines Norte	-	none	BFAR	5	BFAR
	Camarines Sur	-	none	BFAR	2	BFAR
	Catanduanes	-	none	BFAR	5	BFAR
	Masbate	-	none	BFAR	2	BFAR
	Sorsogon	-	none	BFAR	none	BFAR	Total for region		20
VI	Capiz	300	15	BFAR/RO	25	BFAR
					200	SFS			200
	Iloilo	-	none	BFAR	10	BFAR			10
	Aklan	-	none	BFAR	10	BFAR
					100	SFS			100
	Antique	-	none	BFAR	2	BFAR	-		5
	Negros Occ.	6	2	BFAR	86	BFAR
					100	SFS			100
VII	Cebu	-	none	BFAR	none	BFAR
					50¹	SFS	¹Carmen Bay		50
	Bohol	-	none	BFAR	none	BFAR
					50¹	SFS	¹Calape, etc.		50
VIII	Leyte	-	none	BFAR	none	BFAR
					100¹	SFS	¹Babatngon		100
	Samar	250	200	BFAR Lab	2 000¹	BFAR/RO	¹Jiabong only
					5 000¹	Rabanal	¹Maqueda Bay
					1 800	FIDC/FAO FAO IBRD Proposal	Longline culture in Maqueda Bay		4 000
IX	All	-	none	BFAR	none	BFAR			none
X	All	-	none	BFAR	none	BFAR			none
XI	All	-	none	BFAR	none	BFAR			none
XII	All	-	none	BFAR	none	BFAR			none
	Total	692	299.3						4 925

Table 9. Number of municipal fishermen who could benefit from expanded mussel culture

Region	Number of municipal fishermen	Potential expansion (ha)	Average area per farm (assumed) (ha)	Additional farms	Percent of fishermen who could grow mussels
I	53 553*	-	-	-	**
II	11 793	-	-	-	-
III	36 595	45	0.1	450	1.2
IV	66 026	245	0.12	2 450	3.7**
V	63 912	20	0.1	200	0.3
VI	35 865	415	0.1	4 150	11.6
VII	67 147	100	0.1	1 000	1.5
VIII	46 549	4 100	0.1	41 000	88.4**
IX	44 111	-	-	-	-
X	29 419	-	-	-	-
XI	42 536	-	-	-	-
XII	13 159	-	-	-	-
Total	500 665	4 925	-.	49 250	9.8%

* BFAR in “Expanded Fisheries Development Program (Smith, et. al., ICLARM, 1980)

** Priority regions (Provinces of Pangasinan, Quezon and Samar) Source: SCS/82/WP/103