| Item | Cost ( ) | Life (Yr) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I. | Costs | |||||||
| A. | Fixed cost | |||||||
| 1. | Materials and labor for plot construction of 125 plots2 | 80 000 | 2 | |||||
| a) | 42 pcs bamboo trunks (“puno”) at 6.50/trunk | 273 | ||||||
| b) | 21 pcs bamboo poles (“baral”) at 5.00/pole | 105 | ||||||
| c) | 10 pcs bamboo poles (“bila”) at 15.00/pole | 150 | ||||||
| d) | 1 kg nail no. 4 at 12.00/kg | 12 | ||||||
| e) | Contract labor to prepare plot | 100 | ||||||
| Cost for one plot | 640 | |||||||
| 2. | One native banca (dugout) | 3 000 | 3 | |||||
| 3. | Shed | 1 500 | 3 | |||||
| 4. | Tools and diving paraphernalia | 800 | 5 | |||||
| Total fixed cost | 85 300 | |||||||
| B. | Production costs | |||||||
| 1. | Operating cost | |||||||
| a) | One caretaker at 600.00/month for 12 months3 | 7 200 | ||||||
| b) | 440 kaings of empty oyster shells at 5,00/kaing4 | 2 200 | ||||||
| c) | 240 rolls of nylon rope no. 4 at 24.00/roll5 | 5 760 | ||||||
| d) | Contract labor to make "bitin" or collectors6 | 4 375 | ||||||
| e) | Harvesting charges at 5.00/kaing7 | 15 350 | ||||||
| Sub-total | 34 885 | |||||||
| 2. | Depreciation | |||||||
| a) | Plot construction | 40 000 | ||||||
| b) | Dugout | 1 000 | ||||||
| c) | Shed | 500 | ||||||
| d) | Tools | 160 | ||||||
| Sub-total | 41 660 | |||||||
| 3. | Miscellaneous | |||||||
| a) | Municipal permit | 30 | ||||||
| b) | Repairs and other expenses | 500 | ||||||
| Sub-total | 530 | |||||||
| Total production cost | 77 075 | |||||||
| II. | Returns | |||||||
| A. | Gross income: sale of 3 070 kaings at 50.00/kaing | 153 500 | ||||||
| B. | Net income: (gross income minus total production cost8) | 76 425 | ||||||
| C. | Returns on total investment | 47% | ||||||
1After PCARRD but prices updated to 1988 prices.
2A plot measures about 1 m × 20 m. There are, at least, 125 plots in half a hectare.
3Caretaking is often provided entirely or partially by family members.
5One roll of nylon rope can make about 180 collectors.
| Item | Cost () | Life (Yr) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I. | Costs | ||||||
| A. | Fixed cost | ||||||
| 1. | One banca (dugout) | 3 000 | 5 | ||||
| 2. | One shed | 1 500 | 2 | ||||
| 3. | Stake and stake preparation | - | 2 | ||||
| a) | 1 020 pcs bamboos (7–8 m) at 15.00 each2 | 15 300 | |||||
| b) | Towing charges at 250.00/day for two days | 500 | |||||
| c) | Raft rental at 40.00/day for two days | 80 | |||||
| d) | Staking charges at 2.50/bamboo for 1 020 bamboo pole | 2 550 | |||||
| 4. | Bolo and other tools | 500 | 3 | ||||
| Total fixed cost | 23 430 | ||||||
| B. | Production costs | ||||||
| 1. | Operating cost | ||||||
| a) | Harvesting charges a 3.00/gal. for 4 080 gal. (4 gal./stake) | 12 240 | |||||
| b) | Caretaker at 600.00/month (12 months)3 | 7 200 | |||||
| c) | 100 pcs sacks at 3.50./sack | 350 | |||||
| Sub-total | 19 790 | ||||||
| 2. | Depreciation | ||||||
| a) | Banca | 500 | |||||
| b) | Shed | 750 | |||||
| c) | Stakes | 7 150 | |||||
| d) | Bolo, etc. | 150 | |||||
| Sub-total | 41 660 | ||||||
| Total production cost | 28 340 | ||||||
| II. | Returns | ||||||
| A. | Gross income: sale of 4 080 gal. of mussels at 12.00/gal. | 48 960 | |||||
| B. | Net income: (gross income minus total production cost4) | 20 620 | |||||
| C. | Returns on total investment | 39.8% | |||||
1After PCARRD but prices updated to 1988 prices. There are two croppings a year.
2Each bamboo is staked 1 m apart; additional bamboo poles are used as guide posts.
3Often, caretaking labor is provided entirely or partially by family members.
Data on the economics of the modern raft culture method for mussels done in Singapore is used as this is the most successful farming operation of mussels in commercial scale. Although the Philippines undertook demonstrations of mussel culture using the raft and the rweb methods, there has been no in-depth economic studies made so far to serve as the basis for expansion of improved mussel culture.
The data presented in the following tables are those of Cheong, Leslie and W.S. Loy (1982).
Summary of capital costs (S$) of 75-m2 and 150-m-rafts
based on 1980 prices (S$2.15 = U.S.$1.00)
| Initial cost (S$) | 75-m2 raft Life expectancy (years) | Depreciated annual cost (S$) | Initial cost (S$) | 150-m2 raft Life expectancy (years) | Depreciated annual cost (S$) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed capital costs | ||||||||
| Wood | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Main frame | 797.50 | 5 | 159.50 | 1 595.00 | 5 | 319.00 | ||
| Supporting beams ($7.35 each) | 220.50 | 5, | 44.10 | 441.00 | 5 | 88.20 | ||
| Planks ($10 each) | 100.00 | 5 | 20.00 | 200.00 | 5 | 40.00 | ||
| Lights and anchoring | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Navigational lamps ($66/set) | 66.00 | 5 | 13.20 | 132.00 | 5 | 26.40 | ||
| Concrete anchors (sand, gravel and cement) | 120.40 | 5 | 24.08 | 120.40 | 5 | 24.08 | ||
| Iron bar ($4/m) | 64.00 | 5 | 12.80 | 64.00 | 5 | 12.80 | ||
| Chain ($17/m) | 136.00 | 5. | 27.20 | 136.00 | 5 | 27.20 | ||
| Shackle ($18 each) | 72.00 | 5 | 14.40 | 72.00 | 5 | 14.40 | ||
| Thimble ($20 each) | 80.00 | 5 | 16.00 | 80.00 | 5 | 16.00 | ||
| Anchor rope ($450/160-m coil) | 450.00 | 5 | 90.00 | 450.00 | 5 | 90.00 | ||
| Total | 2 106.40 | - | 421.28 | 3 290.40 | - | 658.08 | ||
| (68%) | - | (26%) | (62%) | - | (21%) | |||
| Variable capital costs | ||||||||
| Bolts, nuts, nails and washers | 73.01 | 1 | 73.01 | 165.22 | 1 | 165.22 | ||
| Floats ($14/200-L drum) | 448.00 | 0.5 | 896.00 | 896.00 | 0.5 | 1 792.00 | ||
| Paint | 60.00 | 0.5 | 120.00 | 120.00 | 0.5 | 240.00 | ||
| Twine ($11.75/coil) | 23.50 | 0.5 | 47.00 | 47.00 | 0.5 | 94.00 | ||
| Total | 604.51 | - | 1 136.01 | 1 228.00 | - | 2 291.22 | ||
| (19%) | - | (59%) | (23%) | - | (74%) | |||
| Labour and miscellaneous costs | ||||||||
| Labour ($600/month) | 300.00 | 5 | 60.00 | 600.00 | 5. | 120.00 | ||
| Miscellaneous | 100.00 | 5. | 20.00 | 200.00 | 5 | 40.00 | ||
| Total | 400.00 | - | 80.00 | 800.00 | - | 160.00 | ||
| (13%) | - | (5%) | (15%) | - | (5%) | |||
| Total raft cost | 3 110.91 | - | 1 637.29 | 5 318.62 | - | 3 109.30 | ||
Note: Percentage denotes portion of total raft cost
Comparative costs (S$) of various culture ropes
based on 1980 prices (S$2.15 =.U.S.$1.00)
| Thinning ropes (4-m) | Polycoco ropes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nursery/spat collecting | Production/ grow-out | 2-m | 4-m | |||
| Material costs | ||||||
| Polyethylene rope | 0.61 | 2.23 | 1.43 | 2.23 | ||
| Coconut coir rope | 2.76 | - | 0.41 | 0.83 | ||
| Polytex twine | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | ||
| Kuralon twine | 0.04 | - | 0.07 | 0.14 | ||
| Manila twine | 0.08 | - | - | - | ||
| Brick | 0.09 | - | - | - | ||
| Chopsticks | - | 0.32 | - | - | ||
| Total | 3.64 | 2.61 | 1.97 | 3.26 | ||
| (75%) | (77%) | (68%) | (72%) | |||
| Labour and miscellaneous costs | ||||||
| Labour | 1.19 | 0.71 | 0.89 | 1.19 | ||
| Miscellaneous | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | ||
| Total | 1.24 | 0.76 | 0.94 | 1.24 | ||
| (25%) | (23%) | (32%) | (28%) | |||
| Total cost per rope | 4.88 | 3.37 | 2.91 | 4.50 | ||
Note: Percentage denotes portion of total rope cost
Comparative costs (S$) of thinning and nonthinning culture based on 1980 prices (S$2.15 = U.S.$1.00)
| Thinning | Nonthinning | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 75-m2 raft | 150-m2 raft | 75-m2- raft | 150-m2 raft | |||||
| Capital investment | ||||||||
| Fixed assets | 6 111 | 8 818 | 6 111 | 8 818 | ||||
| Working capital | 4 375 | 8 749 | (a) | 3 837 | (a) | 5 273 | ||
| (b) | 4 075 | (b) | 5 750 | |||||
| Total capital | 10 486 | 17 567 | (a) | 9 948 | (a) | 14 091 | ||
| (b) | 10 189 | (b) | 14 568 | |||||
| Operating cost/year | ||||||||
| Fixed costs | ||||||||
| Depreciation | 2 237 | 3 809 | 2 237 | 3 809 | ||||
| Licence fee | 40 | 75 | 40 | 75 | ||||
| Cost of capital at 10% interest | 1 049 | 1 757 | (a) | 995 | (a) | 1 409 | ||
| (b) | 1 019 | (b) | 1 457 | |||||
| Total | 3 326 | 5 641 | (a) | 3 272 | (a) | 5 293 | ||
| (b) | 3 296 | (b) | 5 341 | |||||
| Variable costs | ||||||||
| Staff salaries ($400/month) | 4 800 | 9 600 | 4 800 | 4 800 | ||||
| Ropes, netting, etc. | 1 949 | 3 896 | (a) | 873 | (a) | 1 746 | ||
| (b) | 1 350 | (b) | 2 700 | |||||
| Maintenance of boats and miscellaneous | 500 | 1 000 | 500 | 1 000 | ||||
| Fuel and miscellaneous transport | 1 500 | 3 000 | 1 500 | 3 000 | ||||
| Total operating costs | 12 075 | 23 139 | (a) | 10 945 | (a) | 15 839 | ||
| (b) | 11 446 | (b) | 16 841 | |||||
| Annual returns | ||||||||
| Yield (tonnes) at two harvests per year | 24.0 | 48.0 | (a) | 15.0 | (b) | 30.0 | ||
| (b) | 25.2 | (b) | 50.4 | |||||
| Cost of production (S$/tonne) | 503 | 482 | (a) | 730 | (a) | 528 | ||
| (b) | 454 | (b) | 334 | |||||
| Return per S$ investment at sale price of S$350/tonne | 0.70 | 0.73 | (a) | 0.48 | (a) | 0.66 | ||
| (b) | 0.77 | (b) | 1.05 | |||||
Note: (a) is for 2-m polycoco rope;
(b) is tor 4-m polycoco rope
Source: Cheong, 1980
Comparative costs (S$) of operating a single raft and a 0.5-ha farm using 4-m
polycoco ropes based on 1980 prices (S$2.15 = U.S.$1.00)
| Single raft | 0.5-m ha farm (at 20% utilization) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 75-m2 | 150-m2 | 13 75-m2 rafts | 7 150-m2 rafts | |||
| Capital investment | ||||||
| Fixed assets | 6 111 | 8 818 | 47 443 | 45 226 | ||
| Working capital | 4 075 | 5 750 | 33 475 | 34 150 | ||
| Total capital | 10 186 | 14 568 | 80 918 | 79 376 | ||
| Operating cost/annum | ||||||
| Fixed costs | ||||||
| Depreciation | 2 237 | 3 809 | 22 681 | 23 363 | ||
| Licence fee | 40 | 75 | 500 | 500 | ||
| Cost of capital at 10% interest | 1 019 | 1 457 | 8 092 | 7 938 | ||
| Total | 3 296 | 5 341 | 31 273 | 31 801 | ||
| Variable costs | ||||||
| Staff salaries | 4 8001 | 4 8001 | 38 4002 | 38 4002 | ||
| Ropes | 1 350 | 2 700 | 17 500 | 18 900 | ||
| Maintenance of boats and miscellaneous | 500 | 1 000 | 3 000 | 3 000 | ||
| Fuel and miscellaneous transport | 1 500 | 3 000 | 8 000 | 8 000 | ||
| Total | 8 150 | 11 500 | 66 950 | 68 300 | ||
| Total operating costs | 11 446 | 16 841 | 98 223 | 100 101 | ||
| Annual returns | ||||||
| Yield (tonnes) at two harvests per year | 25.2 | 50.4 | 327.6 | 352.8 | ||
| Cost of production (S$/tonne) | 454 | 334 | 300 | 284 | ||
| Return per S$ investment at sale price of S$350/tonne | 0.77 | 1.05 | 1.17 | 1.23 | ||
2Manager at $1 200/month; supervisor at $800/month; workers at $400/month
Comparative costs of operating farms within and away from the spat ground based on 1980 prices (S$2.15 = U.S.$1.00)
| Within spat ground | Away from spat ground | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.5-ha farm | 0.75-ha farm | (0.75-ha farm) | ||||||
| 2 harvests/ year | 3 harvests/ year | 2 harvests/ year | 3 harvests/ year | 2 harvests/ year | 3 harvests/ year | |||
| Assumptions | ||||||||
| Sets of ropes used (at 600 ropes/set) | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | ||
| Rafts for production (150 m2/raft) | 71 | 71 | 101 | 101 | 72 | 72 | ||
| Rafts for spat collection (150 m2/raft- | - | - | - | - | 3 | 3 | ||
| Analysis (figures in S$ unless otherwise stated) | ||||||||
| Capital investment | ||||||||
| Fixed assets | 45 226 | 45 226 | 62 180 | 62 180 | 64 180 | 64 180 | ||
| Working capital | 34 150 | 44 100 | 38 450 | 52 200 | 37 050 | 46 750 | ||
| Total capital | 79 376 | 89 326 | 100 630 | 114 380 | 101 230 | 110 930 | ||
| Operating cost/year | ||||||||
| Fixed costs | ||||||||
| Depreciation | 23 363 | 23 363 | 32 890 | 32 980 | 33 290 | 33 290 | ||
| Licence fee | 500 | 500 | 750 | 750 | 750 | 750 | ||
| Cost of capital 10% interest | 7 938 | 8 933 | 10 063 | 11 438 | 10 123 | 11 093 | ||
| Total fixed costs | 31 801 | 32 796 | 43 703 | 45 078 | 44 163 | 45 133 | ||
| Variable costs | ||||||||
| Staff salary | 38 400 | 38 400 | 38 400 | 38 400 | 43 200 | 43 200 | ||
| (56%)3 | (44%)3 | (50%)3 | (37%)3 | (58%)3 | (46%)3 | |||
| Ropes (4-m polycoco) | 18 900 | 37 800 | 27 000 | 54 000 | 18 900 | 37 800 | ||
| Maintenance of boats and miscellaneous | 3 000 | 3 500 | 3 500 | 3 500 | 3 500 | 3 500 | ||
| Fuel and other miscellaneous transport | 8 000 | 8 500 | 8 000 | 8 500 | 8 500 | 9 000 | ||
| Total variable costs | 68 300 | 88 200 | 76 900 | 104 400 | 74 100 | 93 500 | ||
| Total operating costs | 100 101 | 120 996 | 120 603 | 149 478 | 118 263 | 138 633 | ||
| Annual returns | ||||||||
| Yield (tonnes)4 | 352.8 | 529.2 | 504.0 | 756.0 | 352.8 | 529.2 | ||
| Cost of production (S$/tonne) | 284 | 229 | 239 | 198 | 335 | 262 | ||
| Return per S$ investment at sale price S$350/tonne | 1.23 | 1.53 | 1.46 | 1.77 | 1.04 | 1.34 | ||
1Rafts used for both spat collection and grow-out
2Seven rafts in grow-out area, three located in spat ground
3Denotes percentage of staff salary to variable costs
4Based on 42 kg/4-m polycoco rope per harvest
Source: Cheong, 1980
CONSIDERING:
that Indonesia waters have high potential for the development of profitable seafarming activities;
that seafarming plays a role in the programmes of increasing fish production, maintaining environmental condition and balancing capture activities;
that seafarming provides employment opportunities with low cost technology as well as;
improves the income of the needy coastal population thereby increasing supply of animal protein to the population; and
that the Indonesia waters as source of various activities need a coordinative management so that seafarming activities as well as the other sector activities could mutually cooperate and support each other to maintain a continuing development.
REMEMBERING:
Article 4 Chapter (1) and Article 33 Chapter (3) as well as Constitution 1945;
Law No. 4/1960, Government Regulation regarding Indonesia waters (Gazette No. 22/ 1960 plus Gazette No. 1942);
Law No. 5/1960 regarding Basic Regulations on Agriculture (Gazette No. 38/1974 and Gazette No. 1942); .
Law No. 12/1967 concerning Cooperative Principles (Gazette No. 23/1967 and Gazette No. 2832);
Law No. 5/1974 concerning Government Regulation in District (Gazette No. 38/1974 and Gazette No. 3037);
Law No. 4/1982 concerning Regulations on Living Environment Management (Gazette No. 12/1982 and Gazette No. 3215);
Government Regulation No. 64/1957 concerning Decentralization of Central Government affairs in charge of fishery, forestry and small-scale rubber or rubber estate to the provincial government (Gazette No. 169/1957 and No. 1490);
Presidential Decree No. 44/1974 concerning principles of Department Organization; and
Presidential Decree No. 45/1974 concerning Organization Structure of Department of which has been amended several times with the latest issue No. 15/1982.
DECIDING:
THE PRESIDENTIAL DECREE REGARDING SEAFARMING DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA
ARTICLE 1
Seafarming is an activity to undertake and develop natural resources of various fishes and non-fishes in Indonesia waters.
ARTICLE 2
The development of seafarming which is undertaken in Indonesia waters whose condition is eligible for that purpose is meant to increase the income of fish farmers/fisher men, to give employment opportunities and to increase supply of animal protein to the coastal population.
The site location which is selected to undertake seafarming culture as mentioned in above Article 1, should meet with the technical conditions by noticing other sectors' interest so that no losses would incur during their respective operations or activities.
ARTICLE 3
The Provincial Governor has determined to utilize part of sea territories or coastal area in its administrative authority as a location for seafarming.
For adjustment of other parties interests relevant with sea utilization, the allocation of sea location such as mentioned in Chapter (l) above can be reviewed periodically.
ARTICLE 4
Seafarming concession is granted by Provincial Governor to the Village Unit Cooperative (KUD) of which its operational area includes the coastal line mentioned under Article 3.
The concession such as mentioned in this article above clarifies that those who are undertaking seafarming are obliged to maintain the environment condition and to balance the capture activities in order to achieve a continuing development.
Seafarming is undertaken by fishermen/fish farmers who are members of Cooperative or Unit Village Cooperative.
Whatever regulation which is relevant to seafarming activity undertaking as stipulated under Chapter (3) is arranged by Unit Village Cooperative (KUD).
If it is still possible, fishermen/fish farmers outside Cooperative are permitted to under take seafarming within Cooperative coastal area based on the regulations fixed by the Unit Village Cooperative (KUD).
The concession mentioned under Chapter (1) of this article is prohibited to be overtaken or over-handed in any other form.
ARTICLE 5
The concession of seafarming for certain types of seafarmed products which require high technology and big capital can be granted both to the Unit Village Cooperative and individual or particular.
Types of seafarmed products such as aforementioned is fixed by the Minister of Agriculture.
ARTICLE 6
Unit Village Cooperative assists the fishermen/fish farmers in processing and marketing seafarmed products.
In order that Unit Village Cooperation can carry out its functions such as explained in this Article, Chapter (1), it should get some upgrading in some aspects.
In processing and marketing seafarmed products, it is essential that the Unit Village Cooperative cooperate with an individual or particular side.
ARTICLE 7
In carrying out the Presidential Decree in District, the Provincial Governor should notice the technical directions given by the Minister of Agriculture, Minister of Communication and other concerned Ministers.
ARTICLE 8
Other matters which have not been arranged in this Presidential Decree will further be adjusted by the Minister of Agriculture after some negotiation with other concerned Ministers.
ARTICLE 9
This Presidential Decree is put into effect from the date of its fixing.
FIXED AT JAKARTA
DATED 25 MAY 1982
PRESIDENT OF REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
PUBLICATIONS AND DOCUMENTS OF THE
ASEAN/UNDP/FAO REGIONAL SMALL-SCALE COASTAL FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
(RAS/84/016)
Working Papers
ASEAN/SF/86/WP/1 Rabanal, H. R. Seafarming as alternative to small-scale fishing in ASEAN region. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1986. 55p.
ASEAN/SF/86/WP/2 Soeyanto, T. The status of Bali Strait fisheries with special reference to Muncar, Kedonganan and Jimbaran coastal villages. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1986. 36p.
ASEAN/SF/86/WP/3 Boongerd, S. and S. Chitrapong. Small-scale fishing for squids and related species in Thailand. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1986. 44p.
ASEAN/SF/89/WP/4 Guerrero, C.V. An evaluation of the socio-economic viability of the introduction of set net on small-scale fishermen in Botolan, Zambales. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Froject, 1980 50p.
ASEAN/SF/89/WP/5 Guerrero, C.V. An evaluation of the socio-economic viability of “payaw” on small-scale fishermen using hook and line in Masinloc, Zambales. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/ FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1983. 42p.
ASEAN/SF/89/WP/6 Guerrero, C.V. An evaluation of the socio-economic viability of set net operation on small-scale fishermen in Antique and Aklan; Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1989. 47p.
ASEAN/SF/90/WP/7 Chitrapong, S. Demonstration of squid fishing in Indonesia. Manila, ASEAN/ UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1990. 20p.
ASEAN/SF/90/WP/8 Guerrero, C.V. Assessment of the socio-economic impact of artificial reefs on small-scale fishermen in the Philippines. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1990. (In preparation).
Workshop Reports/Other General Reports
ASEAN/SF/86/GEN/l Report of national consultative meeting on aquaculture engineering held in Tigbauan Research Station, SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department, Iloilo City, Philippines, 2–5 October 1985. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1986. 186p.
ASEAN/SF/86/GEN/2 Zabala, P. T. (Comp.) Preliminary annotated bibliography on small-scale fisheries in the ASEAN Region. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1986. 41p.
ASEAN/SF/87/GEN/3 Report of the training course on shrimp culture held in Jepara, Indonesia, 2–19 December 1987. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1987. 63p.
ASEAN/SF/88/GEN/4 Report of the training course on small-scale fisheries extension held in Semarang, Indonesia, 26 January–14 February 1988. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1988. 130p.
ASEAN/SF/88/GEN/5 Report of the training course on fisheries extension methodology held in Penang, Malaysia, 13–26 March 1988. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1988. 266p.
ASEAN/SF/88/GEN/6 Report of the training course on seaweed farming held in Manila, Philippines, 2–21 May 1988. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1988. 169p.
ASEAN/SF/88/GEN/7 Report of the training/study tour on fishing with “payaw” held in Manila, Philippines, 16 May–4 June 1988. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1988. 87p.
ASEAN/SF/88/GEN/8 Report of the workshop on artificial reefs development and management held in Penang, Malaysia, 13–16 September 1988. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1988. 188p.
ASEAN/SF/89/GEN/9 Report of the training course on seabass breeding and culture, Satul, Thailand, 1–22 August 1988. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1989. 85p.
ASEAN/SF/89/GEN/10 Report of the training course on marine finfish netcage culture, Singapore, 5–24 September 1988. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1989. 193p.
ASEAN/SF/89/GEN/11 Report of the workshop on shrimp and finfish feed development, Johore Bahru, Malaysia, 25–29 October 1988. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1989. 163p.
ASEAN/SF/89/GEN/12 Delmendo, M.N. and P.T. Zabala (Comp.). An annotated bibliography on shrimp feeds and nutrition. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1989. 34p.
ASEAN/SF/89/GEN/13 Delmendo, M.N. and P.T. Zabala (Comp.). An annotated bibliography on finfish feeds and nutrition. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1989. (In preparation).
ASEAN/SF/90/GEN/14 Zabala, P.T. (Comp.). Annotated bibliography on women in fisheries in the ASEAN region. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1990. 24p.
ASEAN/SF/90/GEN/15 A report of the training/study tour on squid fishing, Rayong and Chonburi, Thailand, 17–24 April 1990. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1990. 43p.
ASEAN/SF/90/GEN/16 Report of the workshop on fishery cooperatives management, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, 20–15 August 1990. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1990. (In preparation).
ASEAN/SF/90/GEN/17 Report of the workshop on assessment of the contribution of women in post harvest processing and marketing of fish and fishery products, Philippines, 15–19 October 1990. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1990. (In preparation).
ASEAN/SF/90/SF/GEN/18 Report of the training course on home-made feeds preparation for small-scale aquaculture use, Philippines, 19–25 November 1990. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1990. (In preparation).
ASEAN/SF/90/GEN/19 Report of the training course on set net fishing, Philippines, 3–19 December 1990. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1990. 36p.
ASEAN Fisheries Manuals
ASEAN/SF/86/Manual No. 1 Suprayitno, H. Manual of running water fish culture. Manila, ASEAN/ UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1986. 34p.
ASEAN/SF/88/Manual No. 2 Juanich, G.L. Manual on seaweed farming: 1. Eucheuma spp. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1988. 25p.
ASEAN/SF/88/Manual No. 3 Trono, G.C., Jr. Manual on seaweed culture: 2. Pond culture of Caulerpa. 3. Pond culture of Grncilaria. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1988. 20p.
ASEAN/SF/88/Manual No. 4 Aguilar, E.R. A manual on set net fishing based on Philippine conditions. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1988. 29p.
ASEAN/SF/90/Manual No. 5 Santos, G.A. A manual for the processing of agar from Gracilaria. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1990. 34p.
ASEAN/SF/90/Manual No. 6 Legaspi, A.M. Fish processing: Tuna ham making and boneless milkfish. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1990. (In preparation).
ASEAN/SF/91/Manual No. 7 Pascual, F.P. A practical guide to the preparation of home-made feeds for aquaculture. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1991. 28p.
Periodic Progress Reports
ASEAN/SF/86/PR-1 Soesanto, V. Project progress report of the ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 5 October 1985–5 April 1986. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1986. 9p.
ASEAN/SF/86/PR-2 Soesanto, V. Project progress report of the ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 6 April–6 October 1986. Manila, ASEAN/ UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1986. 11p.
ASEAN/SF/88/PPER-3 Delmendo, M.N. Project performance evaluation report of the ASEAN/UNDP/ FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 31 July 1988. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1988. 23p.
Technical Reports Contributed to Symposia/Meetings, etc.
ASEAN/SF/85/Tech. 1 Rabanal, H.R. and V. Soesanto. The world fishery and culture of Macrobrachium and related prawn species. Contributed to the National Conference on Prawn Technology, sponsored by the Philippine Fishfarmers Technical Assistance Foundation, Inc., Manila, Philippines, 27–28 November 1985. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1985. 16p.
ASEAN/SF/86/Tech. 2 Rabanal, H.R. and V. Soesanto. Commercial species of shrimps and prawns, their sources and export markets. Contributed to the Seminar on Quality Control in the Production, Processing and Marketing of Frozen Shrimps for Export, sponsored by Food Research Department, Food Terminal Incorporated, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines, 29–31 July 1986. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1986. 64p.
ASEAN/SF/86/Tech. 3 Rabanal, H.R. Status and prospects of shrimp farming in the Philippines. Contributed to the Monthly Seminar Series on Timely and Related Fisheries Issues, sponsored by the Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research and Development, (PCARRD), Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines, 5 November 1986. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1986. 24p.
ASEAN/SF/87/Tech. 4 Delmendo, M.N. Fishery administration and policy in the Philippines: Past and present. Contributed to the National Conference on Fisheries Policy and Planning, Baguio City, Philippines, 16–20 March 1987. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1987. 35p.
ASEAN/SF/87/Tech. 5 Delmendo, M.N. Milkfish culture in pens: An assessment of its contribution to overall fishery production of Laguna de Bay. Paper read in the Seminar on the occasion of the Fish Conservation Week, BFAR, October 1987 and lecture material used in the NACA Senior Aquaculture Training Course, SEAFDEC, Tigbauan, Iloilo. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/ FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1987. 17p.
ASEAN/SF/87/Tech. 6 Delmendo, M.N. and B.H. Delmendo. Small-scale aquaculture operations in the ASEAN countries. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1987. 49p.
ASEAN/SF/88/Tech. 7 Rabanal, H.R. History of aquaculture. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1988. 13p.
ASEAN/SF/88/Tech. 8 Rabanal, H.R. and M.N. Delmendo. Organization of the aquaculture industry. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1988. l0p.
ASEAN/SF/88/Tech. 9 Rabanal, H.R. Report on the World Aquaculture Society, 19th Annual Conference and Exposition, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A., 4–10 January 1988. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/ FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1988. 99p.
ASEAN/SF/89/Tech. 10 Delmendo, M.N. Some advances attained in shrimp farming research and management practices: Insights to future prospects for expansion of production. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1989. 60p.
ASEAN/SF/89/Tech. 11 Delmendo, M.N. Bivalve farming: An alternative economic activity for small-scale coastal fishermen. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1989. 45p.
