Alloy
mixture of two or more metals
Anneal
to heat and then cool to achieve maximum softness
Antimony
element alloyed with lead and tin to produce soft solder
Anvil
shaped iron or steel block with hardened face upon which metal is forged
Ash
residue after fuel has been burnt
Ash
wood often used for tool handles, particularly in Europe
Beak
the cone-shaped end of the anvil
Bellows
air pump used for supplying air blast to the forge fire
Bend
angle or curve formed in metal
Blast
air supplied to the forge fire by bellows or by other means
Blast pipe
pipe conducting air blast to fire (also called tuyere)
Blow
to supply fire with air or to hit with a hammer
Bolster
steel plate with variously shaped holes to aid in the forging of shoulders
Bolt tongs
specially shaped tongs to hold bolts and rivets
Borax
chemical used as a fluxing agent when welding
Bosh
blacksmith's tank that supplies water to cool work or the blast pipe
Carburize
to heat iron in the presence of a carbon-rich material with air excluded to increase the surface carbon of the iron
Case harden
to harden surface of steel by carbonizing
Charcoal
black residue of wood after smothered burning, used as forge fuel
Cleft
cut or slot in metal often used as a weld preparation
Clinker
the residue of burnt fuel in the blacksmith's fire
Coal
fossil fuel used in blacksmith's fire
Coke
coal processed to remove gas and used as forge fuel
shaped blocks of metal between which metal is forged, as well as tools for cutting external screw threads
Dog
mechanical device for holding or gripping something
Drift
short metal rod used to size or shape punched holes
Eye-bolt
bolt with a looped head
Fan
mechanical device used to produce air blast
Felloe
section of a wheel rim
Flatter
flat-faced swage
Flux
chemical agent used to dissolve oxides on metal to be welded
Forge (n.)
blacksmith's workplace
Forge (v.)
to shape hot metal by hammering, by hand or machine
Former
device for bending sheet metal; also template around which an article is formed
Fuller
shaped bottom tool or shafted top tool used to produce grooves in metal
Glow
to give off light, i.e. red, yellow or white heat
Gouge
chisel-like tool with a curved cutting blade
Grind
to remove metal with an abrasive such as a grinding wheel
Haft
shaft or handle of tool
Hammer
shafted tool for striking metal and tools
Hand length
length of metal that can be handled without tongs
Harden
to heat-treat steel to achieve maximum hardness
Hardness
ability of one metal to scratch another
Hardy
cutting tool fitted to tool hole of anvil
Heat
to make hot or the degree of hotness, i.e. red, yellow or white heat
Helper
blacksmith's assistant
Incandescent
glowing with heat, giving off light
Iron
silvery grey metallic element; when mixed with carbon, it changes to steel
Mandrel
shaft to which work is fixed while being turned
Metal
metallic elements: iron, copper, tin, etc. or mixtures of such
Mild
mild steel is that which is soft and malleable
Monkey tool
block with holes used in forging shoulders
Normalize
heat-treat to remove stresses and to bring the metal to its normal condition
Notch
prominent nick or groove in metal
Oxide
metal combined with oxygen; it forms rapidly at high temperatures
Peen
face of hammer other than flat, such as cross-peen
Pintle
hinge peg
Plastic
capable of being moulded or shaped
Pritchel
punch for opening holes in horseshoes; also describes anvil hole used for punching
Punch
shaped steel tool for making holes in metal
Reins
the handles of blacksmith's tongs
Rivet (n.)
metal pin passing through holes with a head formed on ends
Rivet (v.)
to fasten parts together with a rivet
Scale
oxide on surface of metal after heating
Scarf (n.)
metal notched as a preparation for welding
Scarf ( v.)
to notch; to unite by a scarf joint
Set
tool to be hit with a hammer
Shaft
length of bar or a handle for a tool
Shears
lever-operated tool for cutting metal
Shoulder
angle forged in metal resembling human shoulder
Snap
tool for forming rivet heads
Soften
to remove hardness by heat treatment
Steel
combination of iron and carbon
Stocks
supporting framework
Strike
to hit with a hammer
Swage
shaped top or bottom tool, usually with half-round groove, to form metal
Swage block
heavy cast-iron block with shaped holes and grooves
Tang
projecting point by which a blade is held firm in handle
Temper
to reduce the degree of hardness by heat treatment
Tenon
end of bar drawn-down to a square or rectangular section
Tommy-bar
short bar for use with box-spanner
Tongs
pincers for holding metal during forging and other operations
Tuyere
pipe to conduct air blast to fire
Upset
to make metal shorter and thicker
Vernier
small movable graduated scale for indicating parts of divisions on a graduated instrument
Vice
device with two jaws that is fixed to a bench to hold workpieces
Weld
in blacksmithing, to join metals by heat and pressure or by fusion
