FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 130 | FIRI/T130 Cultivated Species Catalogue |
CATALOGUE OF CULTIVATED AQUATIC ORGANISMS |
by
V.G. Jhingran and V. Gopalakrishnan
Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute
Barrackpore, India
PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT
This paper was prepared by Dr. V.G. Jhingran and Dr. V. Gopalakrishnan of the Central Inland Fishery Research Institute, Barrackpore (West Bengal), India, at the request of FAO. The first draft, prepared in 1970, was expanded and partly updated with the assistance of the staff of the Fishery Resources and Environment Division of the FAO Department of Fisheries. It is a contribution to the Division's programme of collection, review and dissemination of aquaculture information.
Distribution: | Bibliographic Entry: |
FAO Department of Fisheries FAO Regional Fishery Officers International Organizations Selector SI Selector SM | Jhingran, V.G. & V. Gopalkrishnan (1974) FAO Fish.Tech.Pap., (130):83 p. A catalogue of cultivated aquatic organisms |
Aquaculture - cultivated species catalogue, marine and freshwater environments. World. Algae, Angiosperms, Porifera, Rotifera, Annelida, Crustacea, Insecta, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Pisces Teleostomi, Amphibia, Reptilia, Mammalia. Taxonomic classification, vernacular names, geographic distribution, biological data, hybrids. Commercial and experimental cultures, distribution of cultivated areas. |
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, March 1974
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1. Classified list of cultivated aquatic organisms
With increasing interest in the development of aquaculture, the search for suitable species and species-combinations for culture has become particularly important. International exchange of species for experimental and commercial scale operations is also increasing rapidly and FAO is often called upon to provide information required by aquaculturists and fishery development planners to select suitable organisms. Dr. V.G. Jhingran and Dr. V. Gopalakrishnan were therefore requested to prepare this catalogue of cultivated organisms, to serve as a source of reference on the subject.
It is recognized that a catalogue of this nature can hardly ever be complete, as experimental work on many local species is underway in different countries constantly adding to the list of cultivated organisms. The distribution of many of the species included in this catalogue may also have become wider than indicated as a result of introductions and transplantations. Although efforts have been made by the authors and FAO to make it as exhaustive as possible, the text may be found to be incomplete in this respect as well. Readers are requested to point out any omissions they identify and provide available additional data for use in future revisions of the catalogue.
T.V.R. Pillay
Aquatic Resources Improvement and Environment Service
Fishery Resources and Environment Division
Aquaculture in fresh, brackish and salt water environments is expanding rapidly and the selection of suitable species for culture forms a basic decision to be made by aquaculturists. While opinions differ as to whether indigenous species only should be used, or proven species, even if exotic, should be also used to obtain increased production in a short period of time, relevant information on cultivated species is undoubtedly essential for rational decision-making.
The purpose of this document is to furnish a list of the cultivated organisms in different regions of the world, with notes on available essential biological data, in order to assist aquaculturists in this task. The organisms have been listed under different systematic groups for the sake of convenience and, within each group, the species are presented alphabetically. Along with the scientific name of each species, the common name (wherever available) and the name of the family to which it belongs have been mentioned. No attempt has been made to go into taxonomic details of the organisms. A general indication of the area where the organism concerned is endemic along with an idea of its geographical distribution, has also been given wherever possible. Available data on the more important aspects of the biology of the species related to its cultivation are summarized. In order to save space telegraphic style has been adopted for the descriptions.
Most of the compilation was done in the libraries of the Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta and the National Library, Calcutta. In a few cases, useful information has been gathered through correspondence from workers in certain specialized fields. An attempt has been made here to include all species or genera which have been cultivated in fresh, brackish and sea waters with some measure of success. In this respect, the authors had to make a distinction between organisms which are ‘cultured’ under laboratory conditions and those that are ‘cultivated’ in cisterns, tanks, ponds, etc. For the purpose of comprehensiveness, the organisms, mainly fishes, which are first spawned under artificial conditions, and then grown in hatcheries or tanks, troughs etc., but whose young or juveniles are released into open waters for stocking, have been included in this list. However, many diatoms, algae, protozoans etc., cultures of which are maintained and propagated under laboratory conditions only have not been included as they fall outside the scope of the term ‘cultivated organisms’. It would perhaps be appreciated that every organism, specially fish, which may have been cultivated very rarely cannot possibly be included in this list and if this were to be done, probably many more species of fishes in the world would have to be listed here. In a general sense, the list includes only those organisms which are of use for food, sport, biological control and are cultivated to serve for forage, bait, etc. Purely aquarium fishes have been excluded, unless they are cultivated for one or more of the above-stated purposes.
The authors wish to record here their appreciation of the assistance given by Mr. H.A. Khan, Mr. M.V. Gupta and Dr. C.S. Singh in the collection of data concerning specific groups. Dr. Z.H. Shehadeh of the FAO Department of Fisheries provided information on a number of fish species cultivated in the United Státes and Japan and Mr. M. Pedini on species cultured in Latin America. The authors are also grateful to the Indian Council of Agricultural Research for permitting acceptance of this assignment and to the Zoological Survey of India and National Library, Calcutta, for the consultation facilities offered.
V.G. Jhingran
V. Gopalakrishnan
DOCUMENTS OF THE FISHERY RESOURCES DIVISION OF FAO DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES | DOCUMENTS DE LA DIVISION DES RESSOURCES HALIEUTIQUES DU DÉPARTMENT DES PÊCHES DE LA FAO | DOCUMENTOS DE LA DIRECCION DE RECURSOS PESQUEROS DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE PESCA DE LA FAO | ||||||
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Documents which are not official FAO publications are issued in several series. They are given a restricted distribution and this fact should be indicated if they are cited. Most of them are prepared as working papers for meetings, or are summaries of information for use of Member Governments, organizations, and specialists concerned. These series are the following: | Des documents qui ne figurent pas parmi les publications officielles de la FAO sont publiés dans diverses séries. Ils font seulement l'objet d'une distribution restreinte, aussi convient-il de le préciser lorsque ces documents sont cités. Il s'agit le plus souvent de documents de travail préparés pour des réunions, ou de résumés d'information à l'intention des gouvernements des pays membres, ainsi que des organisations et spécialistes intéressés. Ces séries sont les suivantes: | Esta Dirección publica varias series de documentos que no pueden considerarse como publicaciones oficiales de la FAO. Todos ellos tienen distribución limitada, circunstancia que debe indicarse en el caso de ser citados. La mayoría de los títulos que figuran en dichas series son documentos de trabajo preparados para reuniones o resúmenes de información destinados a los estados miembros, organizaciones y especialistas interesados. Estas series son las siguientes: | ||||||
FAO | Fisheries Report | FIR /R (No.) | FAO Fisheries Synopsis | FIR /S (No.) | ||||
FAO | Rapports sur les pêches | FAO | Fisheries Circular | FIR /C (No.) | Synopsis FAO sur les péches | |||
FAO | Informes de pesca | Sinopsis FAO sobre la pesca |
Special groups of synopsis are identified by symbols followed by classification numbers based on indexed code of “ASFA”: | Des catégories spéciales de synopsis sont identifiées à l'aide de symboles suivis des chiffres de classification basés sur le code d'indexation de la «ASFA»: | Grupos especiales de sinopsis se distinguen con las siglas siguientes, seguidas por números de clasificación que se basan en las claves de los índices de la «ASFA»: | ||||||
SAST | Data concerning certain species and fish stocks | SAST | Données sur certaines espèces et populations de poissons | SAST | Datos relativos a ciertas especies y poblaciones | |||
MAST | Information on methods and subjects | MAST | Renseignements sur des méthodes et des sujets | MAST | Sinopsis sobre métodos y materias | |||
OT | Oceanographic data | OT | Données océanographiques | OT | Sinopsis sobre oceanografía | |||
IT | Limnological data | IT | Données limnologiques | IT | Sinopsis sobre limnología | |||
and | et | y | ||||||
CART | Information concerning fisheries and resources of certain countries and regions (FID/S) | CART | Renseignements sur les pêcheries et les ressources de certains pays et régions (FID/S) | CART | Información sobre los recursos acuáticos vivos de algunos países y reqiones (FID/S) | |||
FAO Fisheries Technical Paper | FIR /T (No.) | |||||||
Documents techniques FAO sur les pêches | ||||||||
Documentos técnicos de la FAO sobre la pesca | ||||||||
Special groups of Technical Papers are identified by: | Des catégories spéciales de documents techniques sont identifiées à l'aide des symboles suivants: | Grupos especiales de documentos técnicos se identifican por las siglas siguientes: | ||||||
RE | Indexed lists of experts and institutions drawn from Registers maintained by the Fishery Resources Division | RE | Listes indexées d'experts et institutions tirées des registres tenus à jour par la Division des ressources halieutiques | RE | Listas índices de expertos y de instituciones tomadas de los registros que se llevan en la Dirección de Recursos Pesqueros | |||
CB | Lists of periodicals, special sections of “Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA),” special bibliographies and papers concerning documentation problems | CB | Listes de périodiques, des sections spéciales de la «Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA)», des bibliographies particulières et des articles sur les problèmes de documentation | CB | Listas de periódicos, secciones especiales de la «Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA)», bibliografías especiales y trabajos relativos a los problemas de documentación | |||
MFS | Provisional editions of “FAO Manuals in Fisheries Science” | MFS | Editions provisoires des «Manuels FAO de science halieutique» | MFS | Ediciones provisionales de los «Manuales de la FAO de Ciencias Pesqueras» | |||
WAFR | Provisional revïews of fisheries resources and their level of exploitation, by regions or by species groups, within the World Appraisal of Fishery Resources system | WAFR | Synthèses provisoires des ressources halieutiques et leur niveau d'exploitation, préparées, par régions ou groupes d'espèces, dans le cadre du Programme mondial pour l'évaluation des ressources halieutiques | WAFR | Reseñas provisionales de los recursos pesqueros y de su estado actual de explotación, por regiones o por grupos de especies, en el marco del sistema mundial para la evaluación de los recursos pesqueros | |||
Some documents also have another identification, if, for example, they have been contributed to a meeting for which papers have been numbered according to another system. | Certains documents portent parfois d'autres numéros d'identification, par exemple,s'ils ont été préparés pour une réunion dont les documents ont été marqués à l'aide d'un autre système. | Algunos documentos tienen también otra identificación si, por ejemplo, son contribuciones a una reunión cuyos documentos han sido marcados con arreglo a otros sistemas. |