Agarwal, A. and Narain, S. (1999). "Making Water Management Everybody’s Business: Water Harvesting and Rural Development in India." International Institute for Environment and Development, Gatekeeper Series No. 87.
Agarwal, B. (1994). A Field of One’s Own: Gender and Land Rights in South Asia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Arifin, H.S. (2002). Ecological and Socio-Economic Benefits of Pekarangan Land.
Asare, E.O., Oppong, S.K. and Twum-Ampofo, K. (1990). Home Gardens in the Humid Tropics of Ghana. In Landauer, K., and Brazil, M. (eds.) (1990). Tropical Home Gardens. United Nations University Press, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 80 - 93.
Baumann, P. (2002). Improving Access to Natural Resources for the Rural Poor: A Critical Analysis of Central Concepts and Emerging Trends from a Sustainable Livelihoods Perspective. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations.
Baumann, P. and Sinha, S. (2001). Linking Development with Democratic Processes in India: Political Capital and Sustainable Livelihoods Analysis, ODI Natural Resources Perspectives Paper No. 68. ODI, London.
Black, R., Morris, S. and Bryce, J. (2003). "Where and Why are 10 Million Children Dying Every Year?" 361 The Lancet 2226 - 2234.
Blair, H.W. (1996) "Democracy, Equity and Common Property Resource Management in the Indian Subcontinent," 27(3) Development and Change 475 - 499.
Bloem, M., de Pee, S. and Darnton-Hill, I. (1998). New issues in developing effective approaches for the prevention and control of vitamin A deficiency. 19(2) Food and Nutrition Bulletin 137 - 148.
Bloem, M., Huq, N., Gorstein, J., Burger, S., Kahn, T., Islam, N., Baker, S. and Davidson, F. (1996). Production of fruits and vegetables at the homestead is an important source of vitamin A among women in rural Bangladesh. 50(suppl. 3) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition S62 - S67.
Borisova, Y. (2000). "Land Ownership Remains Russian Privatisation’s Final Frontier." The St. Petersburg Times (Russia). 11 April.
Brownrigg, L. (1985). Home Gardening in International Development: What the Literature Shows. The League for International Food Education (LIFE), Washington, DC.
Brun, T., Reynaud, J. and Chevassus-Agnes, S. (1989). Food and Nutritional Impact of One Home Garden Project in Senegal. 23 Ecology of Food and Nutrition 91 - 108.
Carney, D. (1998). Sustainable Rural Livelihoods. Russell Press Ltd., Nottingham, UK.
Christanty, L. (1990). Home Gardens in Tropical Asia, with Special Reference to Indonesia. In Landauer, K., and Brazil, M. (eds.) (1990). Tropical Home Gardens. United Nations University Press, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 9 - 20.
Cohen, N., Jalil, M.A., Rahman, H. and others (1985). Landholding, Wealth and Risk of Blinding Malnutrition in Rural Bangladeshi Households. 21(11) Social Science Medicine 1269 - 1272.
Danoesastro, H. (1980). "The role of the home garden as a source of additional family income." Seminar on the Ecology of Homegardens, III. Institute of Ecology, Bandung, Indonesia.
Deere, D. and Leon, M. (2001). Empowering Women. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh.
Deininger, K. (2003). Land Policies for Growth and Poverty Reduction. World Bank, Washington, D.C.
Department for International Development ("DFID") (2001). Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets. DFID, London. de Pee, S., Bloem, M., Satoto, Yip, R., Sukaton, A., Tjiong, R., Muhilal and Kodyat, B. (1998). Impact of a Social Marketing Campaign in Promoting Dark-green Leafy Vegetables and Eggs in Central Java, Indonesia. 68 International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 389 - 398. de Pee, S., West, C.E., Muhilal, Karyadi, D. and Huatvast, J.G.A. (1995). Lack of improvement in vitamin A status with increased consumption of dark-green leafy vegetables. 436 The Lancet 75 - 81.
Ensing, B., Freeks, G. and Sangers, S. (1985). Homegardens and homegardening in the Matara district: the present situation and future prospects. MSc thesis, Social Science and Economics Department, University of Leiden, Netherlands.
Finerman, R. and Sackett, R. (2003). Using Home Gardens to Decipher Health and Healing in the Andes. 17(4) Medical Anthropology Quarterly 459 - 482.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2002). Production Yearbook.
Gajaseni, J. and Gajaseni, N. (1999). Ecological rationalities of the traditional homegarden system in the Chao Phraya Basin, Thailand, 46(1) Agroforestry Systems 3 - 23.
Government of India (2002). Tenth Five-Year Plan. New Delhi.
Hanstad, T. (2004) "Summary of Findings from Karnataka and West Bengal Rural Household Surveys" (Memorandum on file with Rural Development Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA).
Hanstad, T., Brown, J. and Prosterman, R. (2002). Larger Homestead Plots as Land Reform?: International Experience and Analysis from Karnataka. 37(29) Economic and Political Weekly 3053 - 3062.
Hanstad, T. and Lokesh, S.B. (2002). Allocating Homestead Plots as Land Reform: Analysis from West Bengal. RDI Reports on Foreign Aid and Development #115.
Hanstad, T., Lokesh, S.B. and Arun, M. (in preparation). Reaping the Rewards of Homestead Gardens: Nutritional and Income Benefits from Homestead Plots in Karnataka.
Helen Keller International/Asia-Pacific (2003). Integration of Animal Husbandry into Home Gardening Programmes to Increase Vitamin A Intake from Foods: Bangladesh, Cambodia and Nepal. Available at http://hkiasiapacific.org/_downloads/APO_percent20Special_percent20issue_percent20Jan_percent202003.pdf.
Helen Keller International/Asia-Pacific (2001). Homestead Food Production - A Strategy to Combat Malnutrition and Poverty. Helen Keller International: Jakarta, Indonesia.
Hoogerbrugge, I. and Fresco, L.O. (1993). Homegarden Systems: Agricultural Characteristics and Challenges. International Institute for Environment and Development, Gatekeeper Series No. 39.
Immink, M.D.C. (1990). Measuring Food Production and Consumption, and the Nutritional Effects of Tropical Home Gardens. In Landauer, K., and Brazil, M. (eds.) (1990). Tropical Home Gardens. United Nations University Press, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 126 - 137.
International Development Enterprises (2004). Micro Irrigation Programme. Available at (http://www.ide-india.org/micro_Programme.htm). Site last visited March 19, 2004.
Jodha, N.S. (1990). "Rural Common Property Resources: Contributions and Crisis," Economic and Political Weekly 25(26): 65 - 78.
Kiess, L., Bloem, M.W., de Pee, S., Hye, A., Khan, T.A., Huq, N., Talukder, Z., Haque, M. and Ali, M. (1998). Bangladesh: Xeropthalmia Free: The Result of an Effective Vitamin A Programme and Homestead Gardening in Reducing Vitamin A Deficiency [abstract]. In American Public Health Association 126th Annual Meeting Report, Nov. 15 - 18. Washington, D.C. Reprinted in Appendix 13 of Helen Keller International/Asia-Pacific (2001). Homestead Food Production - A Strategy to Combat Malnutrition and Poverty. Helen Keller International: Jakarta, Indonesia.
Kiess, L., Moench-Pfanner, R. and Bloem, M.W. (2001). Food-Based Strategies: Can they Play a Role in Poverty Alleviation? 22(2) Food and Nutrition Bulletin.
Kumar, S.K. (1978). Role of the Household Economy in Child Nutrition at Low Incomes: A Case Study in Kerala. Occasional Paper No. 95. Department of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University. Ithaca, New York.
Landauer, K. and Brazil, M. (1990). Introduction, in Landauer, K. and Brazil, M. (eds.), Tropical Home Gardens: Selected papers from an international workshop held at the Institute of Ecology, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia, 2 - 9 December 1985). United Nations University Press, Tokyo.
Marsh, R. (1998). Building on Traditional Gardening to Improve Household Food Security. Food, Nutrition and Agriculture No. 22, Food and Agriculture Organization.
Marten, G.G. (1990). A Nutritional Calculus for Home Garden Design: Case-Study from West Java. In Landauer, K., and Brazil, M. (eds.) (1990). Tropical Home Gardens. United Nations University Press, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 147 - 168.
Mearns, R. (1999). Access to Land in Rural India: Policy Issues and Options, World Bank Policy Working Paper. World Bank, Washington D.C.
Meinzen-Dick, R., Knox, A. and DiGregorio, M. (eds.) (2001). Property Rights and Devolution of Natural Resource Management: Exchange of Knowledge and Implications for Policy. DSE/ZEL, Feldafing, Germany.
Méndez, V.E., Lok, R. and Somarriba, E. (2001). Interdisciplinary Analysis of Homegardens in Nicaragua: Micro-Zonation, Plant Use and Socioeconomic Importance. 51(2) Agroforestry Systems 85 - 96.
Mitchell, R. (2004). Legal Tools to Promote Environmentally Sound Management of Farmland and Forests. World Bank (forthcoming).
Miura, S., Osamu, K. and Susumu, W. (2003). Home Gardening in Urban Poor Communities of the Philippines. 54(1) International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition.
Nair, P.K.R. (1993). An Introduction to Agroforestry. Kluwer Academic Publishers, London.
Nair, P.K.R. (2001). Do Tropical Home Gardens Elude Science, or is it the Other Way Around? 53(2) Agroforestry Systems 239 - 245.
Ninez, V. (1985). Working at Half-Potential: Constructive Analysis of Home Garden Programmes in the Lima Slums with Suggestions for an Alternative Approach. 7(3) Food and Nutrition Bulletin.
Okigbo, B. (1990). "Home Gardens in Tropical Africa." In Landauer, K., and Brazil, M. (eds.) (1990). Tropical Home Gardens. United Nations University Press, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 21 - 40.
Pico, R. (1964). Problems of Tenure Reform in Latin America. 6(2) Journal of Inter-American Studies 143 - 156.
Prosterman, R. and Mitchell, R. (2002). "Concept for Land Reform on Java." Paper presented at the Seminar "Rethinking Land Reform in Indonesia," Jakarta, 8 May 2002. On file with the Rural Development Institute, Seattle, Washington.
E. Rajagukguk (1988). "Agrarian Law, Land Tenure and Subsistence in Java: Case Study of the Villages of Sukoharjo and Medayu." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington.
Reddy, V. (1995). Letter to the editor. 346 The Lancet 1634 - 1636. Reprinted in Appendix 7b of Helen Keller International/Asia-Pacific (2001). Homestead Food Production - A Strategy to Combat Malnutrition and Poverty. Helen Keller International: Jakarta, Indonesia.
Rome Declaration on World Food Security (1996). World Food Summit, 13 - 17 November Rome, Italy.
Rosenn, K.S. (1963). Puerto Rican Land Reform: The History of an Instructive Experiment. 73 Yale Law Journal 334 - 356.
Ruel, M.T. and Levin, C.E. (2000). Assessing the Potential for Food-Based Strategies to Reduce Vitamin A and Iron Deficiencies: A Review of Recent Evidence. FCND Discussion Paper No. 92, International Food Policy Research Institute.
Schipani, S., van der Haar, F., Sinawat, S. and Maleevong, K. (2002). Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status of Young Children in Families Practicing Mixed Home Gardening in Northeast Thailand. 23(2) Food and Nutrition Bulletin 175 - 180.
Senior, C. (1954). Migration and Economic Development in Puerto Rico. 28(4) Journal of Educational Sociology 151 -156.
Shankar, A., Gittelsohn, J., Prahdan, E.K. and others (1998). Home Gardening and Access to Animals in Households with Xerophthalmic Children in Rural Nepal. 19(1) Food and Nutrition Bulletin.
Sloan, N.L., Rosen, D., de la Paz, T. and others (1997). Identifying Areas with Vitamin A Deficiency: The Validity of a Semiquantitative Food Frequency Method. 87(2) American Journal of Public Health 186 - 191.
Soemarwoto, O. (1987). Homegardens: A Traditional Agroforestry System with a Promising Future. In Steppler, H., Nair, P.K.R. (eds.) (1987). Agroforestry: A Decade of Development. International Council for Research in Agroforestry, Nairobi, pp. 157 - 170.
Soemarwoto, O., Soemarwoto, I., Karyono and others (1985). The Javanese Home Garden as an Integrated Agro-Ecosystem. 7(3) Food and Nutrition Bulletin.
Sommers, P. (1978). "Traditional home gardens of selected Philippine households and their potential for improving human nutrition." Masters thesis. University of Philippines, Los Banos.
Stoler, A. (1978). Garden use and household economy in rural Java. 14 Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 85 - 101.
Talukder, A., Kiess, L., Huq, N., de Pee, S., Darnton-Hill, I. and Bloem, M. (2000). Increasing the production and consumption of vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables: Lessons learned in taking the Bangladesh homestead gardening Programme to a national scale. 21(2) Food and Nutrition Bulletin.
Terra, G.J.A. (1954). Mixed-Garden Horticulture on Java. 3 The Malayan Journal of Tropical Geography.
Thaman, R.R., "Mixed Home Gardens in the Pacific Islands: Present Status and Future Prospects. In Landauer, K., and Brazil, M. (eds.) (1990). Tropical Home Gardens. United Nations University Press, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 41 - 68. tho Seeth, H., Chachnov, S. and Surinov, A. (1998). Russian Poverty: Muddling Through Economic Transition with Garden Plots. 26(9) World Development 1611 - 1623.
Vasey, D.E. (1985). Household Gardens and their Niche in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. 7(3) Food and Nutrition Bulletin.
Vasey, D.E. (1990). On Estimating the Net Social and Economic Value of Urban Home Gardens. In Landauer, K., and Brazil, M. (eds.) (1990). Tropical Home Gardens. United Nations University Press, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 203 - 213.
World Bank (1997). India: Achievements and Challenges in Reducing Poverty. World Bank Country Study. Washington, D.C.
Further information about the LSP
The Livelihood Support Programme (LSP) works through the following sub-programmes:
Improving people’s access to natural resources
Access of the poor to natural assets is essential for sustainable poverty reduction. The livelihoods of rural people with limited or no access to natural resources are vulnerable because they have difficulty in obtaining food, accumulating assets, and recuperating after shocks or misfortunes.
Participation, Policy and Local Governance
Local people, especially the poor, often have weak or indirect influence on policies that affect their livelihoods. Policies developed at the central level are often not responsive to local needs and may not enable access of the rural poor to needed assets and services.
Livelihoods diversification and enterprise development
Diversification can assist households to insulate themselves from environmental and economic shocks, trends and seasonality - in effect, to be less vulnerable. Livelihoods diversification is complex, and strategies can include enterprise development.
Natural resource conflict management
Resource conflicts are often about access to and control over natural assets that are fundamental to the livelihoods of many poor people. Therefore, the shocks caused by these conflicts can increase the vulnerability of the poor.
Institutional learning
The institutional learning sub-programme has been set up to ensure that lessons learned from cross-departmental, cross-sectoral team work, and the application of sustainable livelihoods approaches, are identified, analysed and evaluated for feedback into the programme.
Capacity building
The capacity building sub-programme functions as a service-provider to the overall programme, by building a training programme that responds to the emerging needs and priorities identified through the work of the other sub-programmes.
People-centred approaches in different cultural contexts
A critical review and comparison of different recent development approaches used in different development contexts is being conducted, drawing on experience at the strategic and field levels in different sectors and regions.
Mainstreaming sustainable livelihoods approaches in the field
FAO designs resource management projects worth more than US$1.5 billion per year. Since smallholder agriculture continues to be the main livelihood source for most of the world’s poor, if some of these projects could be improved, the potential impact could be substantial.
Sustainable Livelihoods Referral and Response Facility
A Referral and Response Facility has been established to respond to the increasing number of requests from within FAO for assistance on integrating sustainable livelihood and people-centred approaches into both new and existing programmes and activities.
|
For further information on the Livelihood Support Programme, |
LSP WORKING PAPERS to June 2004
Baumann P., (July 2002) Improving Access to Natural Resources for the Rural Poor: A critical analysis of central concepts and emerging trends from a sustainable livelihoods perspective. FAO, LSP WP 1, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.
Cotula L., (August 2002) Improving Access to Natural Resources for the Rural Poor: The experience of FAO and of other key organisations from a sustainable livelihoods perspective. FAO, LSP WP 2, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.
Karl M., (August 2002) Participatory Policy Reform from a Sustainable Livelihoods Perspective: Review of concepts and practical experiences. FAO, LSP WP 3, Participation, Policy and Local Governance Sub-Programme. Also available in Spanish and French.
Warren P., (December 2002) Livelihoods Diversification and Enterprise Development: An initial exploration of Concepts and Issues. FAO, LSP WP 4, Livelihoods Diversification and Enterprise Development Sub-Programme.
Cleary D., with contributions from Pari Baumann, Marta Bruno, Ximena Flores and Patrizio Warren (September 2003) People-Centred Approaches: A brief literature review and comparison of types. FAO, LSP WP 5, People-Centered Approaches in Different Cultural Contexts Sub-Programme. Also available in Spanish and French.
Seshia S. with Scoones I., Environment Group, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, UK (November 2003) Understanding Access to Seeds and Plant Genetic Resources. What Can a Livelihoods Perspective Offer? FAO, LSP WP 6, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.
Biggs S. D., and Messerschmidt D., (December 2003) The Culture of Access to Mountain Natural Resources: Policy, Processes and Practices. FAO, LSP WP 7, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.
Evrard O., (Janvier 2004) La mise en oeuvre de la réforme foncière au Laos: Impacts sociaux et effets sur les conditions de vie en milieu rural (with summary in English). FAO, LSP WP 8, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.
Ellis F., Allison E., Overseas Development Group, University of Anglia, UK (January 2004) Livelihood Diversification and Natural Resource Access. FAO, LSP WP 9, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme, Livelihood Diversification and Enterprise Development Sub-Programme.
Hodgson S., (March 2004) Land and Water - the rights interface. FAO, LSP WP 10, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.
Mitchell R. and Hanstad T., Rural Development Institue (RDI), USA, (March 2004) Small homegarden plots and sustainable livelihoods for the poor. FAO LSP WP 11, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.
Hanstad T., Nielsen R., Brown J., Rural Development Institute (RDI), USA, (May 2004) Land and Livelihoods: Making land rights real for India’s rural poor. FAO LSP WP 12, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.
Fisher R.J., Schmidt K., Steenhof B. and Akenshaev N., (May 2004) Poverty and forestry: A case study of Kyrgyzstan with reference to other countries in West and Central Asia. FAO LSP WP 13, Access to Natural Resources Sub-Programme.
Livelihood Support Programme (LSP)
E-mail: [email protected]
