Table 1. Key to names of variables

Variables' names are made up of three parts: country code+product code+type of price code

Country	code	Product	code	Type of price	code
Brazil	BR	barley	BY	world market reference price (or proxy for)	RP
Chile	CH	bovine meat	BM	import unit value from FAOSTAT	IM
CostaRica	CR	butter	BT	export unit value from FAOSTAT	EX
Egypt	EG	cassava	CS	producer ESCB	PR
Ethiopia	ET	cheese	CE	producer FAOSTAT	PF
Ghana	GH	coffee	CF	wholesale ESCB	WS
India	IN	copra	CP	retail ESCB	RT
Indonesia	IS	maize	MZ
Mexico	MX	milk powder	MP	Examples THRIWS =wholesale price of rice in Thailand MXWHIM = import price of wheat in Mexico
Pakistan	PK	pig meat	PM
Senegal	SN	poultry meat	PL
Thailand	TH	palm oil	PO
Turkey	TK	palm kernel	PK
Uganda	UG	rice	RI
Uruguay	UY	sorghum	SH
World	WR	soybeans	SY
		sunflower seeds	SF
		wheat	WH

Notes

D without country specification is the dummy variable for positive residuals of the static regression employed in the ECM models to test for asymmetry in transmission
All series are natural logarithms of nominal prices in US$ per tonne
RI1 in Ghana is imported rice
RI1 in Indonesia is local rice
RI1 in Pakistan is IRRI rice; RI is Basmati rice
GR1 in Senegal is groundnut for direct consumption
Import and export unit values of milk powder are referred to FAOSTAT Condensed+evaporated
WRWHRP = US Gulf Port (source: IMF IFS)
WRMZRP = US Gulf port (source: IMF IFS)
WRRIRP = Thailand (Bangkok) (source: IMF IFS)
WRSYRP = US Gulf Ports (source: IMF IFS)
WRBMRP = all origins US ports90=100 Australia-NZ (US Ports) (source: IMF IFS)
WRPLRP = FAOSTAT world export unit value
WRPMRP = FAOSTAT world export unit value
WRMPRP = FAOSTAT skim cow milk powder world export unit value
WRCSRP = export price for Thailand (source IMF, IFS)
WRSHRP =US Gulf Port (source IMF, IFS)