• Trade related and other measures aimed at enhancing the sustainable trade in NWFP and contributing towards sustainable livelihoods should incorporate and reflect recent research on the role and potential of NWFP in livelihood strategies (3.2).
• Policy-makers and other stakeholders should be guided by recent research indicating the limited potential for NWFP commercialization and trade to be effective as a tool for biodiversity conservation (3.2).
• Stakeholders should continue to monitor current negotiations on the relationship between existing WTO rules and specific trade obligations set out in multi-lateral environmental agreements, promote the sustainable use of NWFP in appropriate WTO related for and discourage the adoption of provisions that may have a negative impact on NWFP conservation and associated livelihoods (5.1.1.1).
• In order to make CITES a better tool for sustainable development there is a need to make sure that CITES decisions are based on socio-economic as well as biological information through increasing awareness of livelihoods issues within the ‘CITES community’; including socio-economic information in the supporting statements for CITES proposals; ensuring that consumer decisions are based on livelihood as well as conservation concerns by increasing consumer awareness that the listing of a species in CITES is not necessarily a sign that it is threatened, and is not equal to a trade ban; and, exploring the potential to link CITES trade controls with certification schemes or other trade-related measures (5.1.2.1).
• It is necessary to ensure that learning resulting from research on community-based wildlife management and NWFP development is brought into and informs decisions taken regarding the international wildlife trade in order to increase the potential for achieving conservation and development aims (5.1.2.1).
• NWFP certification programmes should only be used to facilitate the entry into competitive commodity markets when focused upon products that have long-standing exchange value and do not have a traditionally important use value where they are harvested (5.3.1).
• Where timber bans are being considered as a regulatory measure, country benefits need to be balanced against the environmental (including NWFP) and governance impacts in neighbouring countries. Country-specific studies could help with better understanding the associated economic and environmental trade-offs in different contexts (6.2.1).
• Further research should be conducted into the impact (both current and potential) of international and regional trade agreements, on the trade in NWFP (5.1.1).
• Further research should be conducted into the impact of regional and bilateral biodiversity-related agreements to determine the extent to which they impact on NWFP, and to explore opportunities for encouraging the adoption, at a national level, of associated trade measures (5.1.2).
• Existing literature on the impact of national level tariff and non-tariff controls, in particular the impact of phytosanitary and quality measures, should be updated (5.2).
