Potential policy areas in which to explore the application of trade-related instruments to international trade in NWFP
1. Public policy instruments and governance processes affecting forest trade at the national level
• National forest strategies and programmes
• Logging bans
• Forest sector subsidies
• Forest resource tenure
• Forest decentralisation
• Forest resource allocation policies
• Regulations on forest management
• Policies on forest resource development
• Support for downstream processing of forest products
• Government policies to promote forest environmental services
• Environmental Impact Assessment
• Criteria and Indicators
2. Public policy instruments and processes at the international level
• Inter-governmental policies and processes
- International forest processes (IPF/IFF/UNFF process, Criteria and indicators)
- Multilateral environmental agreements (International Tropical Timber Agreement, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Convention on Biological Diversity, Kyoto Protocol)
- Normative functions and finance for development
- Regional processes to control illegal logging
• Regional trade agreements
- Africa
- Asia-Pacific
- Europe
- North America
- Latin America
• WTO and the Doha Development Agenda
- Market access for non-agricultural products
- Trade and Environment
- Implementation Issues
- Agriculture
- The Doha outcome for forestry
• Other international institutions with mandates related to trade
3. Market-based instruments
• Initiatives relating to international business
• Certification and labelling schemes
• Supply-chain management
• Product promotion campaigns/boycotts
• Environmental management systems (e.g. ISO 14001)
• The corporate social responsibility ‘movement’
• Socially responsible investment (e.g. ‘green’ pension funds)
• Increasing environmental liability (insurance)
• Public procurement
