Do you speak Paper?
Pulp and paper dictionary. J.R. Lavigne. San Francisco, Miller Freeman. 1986. 488 pp. Price: US$47.50.
The words and phrases in this new pulp and paper dictionary cover all aspects of the industry. Over 5 600 terms define the kinds and characteristics of paper, the equipment and machinery used to make it, and the people and jobs involved in its manufacture. Physical laws and properties as well as the chemistry that apply to pulp and paper are also defined.
An introduction provides a brief history of papermaking and a concise overview of the manufacturing process.
John R. Lavigne, an international authority on pulp and paper control systems engineering and author of two books on instrumentation, has had a lifelong interest in the papermaker's dialect. He began collecting terms as a young man working in mills and later expanded this collection to a serious compilation which he has maintained throughout his career.
Termites, termites
A bibliography of termite literature 1966-1978. Compiled by E. Ernst (Swiss Tropical Institute) & R.L. Araujo (São Paulo Museum of Zoology and the Tropical Development and Research Institute Publications, Publicity and Public Relations Section). Baffins Lane, Sussex, UK. 1986. 916 pp. Prince: £42.50/US$70.
World interest in termite problems is growing because of the increasing knowledge of the damage they do to crops in the tropics. Up to 1965, termite literature was covered by Dr T.E. Snyder's bibliographies, produced by the Smithsonian Institution. Since his death, however, termitologists and libraries have been unable to keep up with the increasing flow of world literature on the subject.
To help remedy this problem, the Tropical Development and Research Institute (formerly the Centre for Overseas Pest Research), in collaboration with the Swiss Tropical Institute and the São Paulo Museum of Zoology, have now produced a bibliography of termite literature for the period 1966-1978, which contains 3 165 references plus abstracts. This work gives information on all aspects of termites including their biology, control, distribution and taxonomy. It will be of interest to research workers, crop protection and forestry specialists, plant quarantine inspectors, building research technologists, as well as entomologists, librarians and information scientists.
Responding to people
Sustaining upland resources: people's participation in watershed management. A. Dani and G. Campbell. FAO and International Centre for Integrated 7 Mountain Development, PO Box t 3226, Kathmandu, Nepal. ICIMOD Occasional Paper No. 3. Paperback. 120 pages.
The authors are both anthropologists: A. Dani is with ICIMOD in Nepal, and G. Campbell recently completed a four-year assignment with a Government of Nepal/UNDP/FAO community forestry project in Nepal. Their report is a review of people's participation in watershed management activities in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya region. It identifies watershed management and other related projects in which upland communities participate to varying degrees, assesses strategies being employed and identifies promising approaches worth further attention. The report comprises a general summary of findings and conclusions, an extensive bibliography, and brief two- to three-page profiles of each of the 18 projects surveyed.
A TERMITE IN SEARCH OF FOOD bibliography is out
The basic conclusion of the study is that watershed management projects must build on upland residents' existing motivations for sustaining their upland environments by increasing the value, renewability, security, manageability and equity of resources. In other words, the projects will only succeed if they are responsive to the motivation and behaviour of the people who live in the watersheds.
Tree dictionary
Elsevier's dictionary of trees and shrubs in Latin, English, French, German and Italian. Compiled by H. Vaucher. Amsterdam, Elsevier. 1986. 428 pp. Price: US$ 111.
This multilingual dictionary comprises more than 2 300 Latin names, 3 200 English names, 4000 French names, 3 300 German names, and 2600 Italian names of trees and shrubs from all over the world. Countries of origin of plants and some botanical characteristics are mentioned in this reference book for both the professional and the layman, lovers of trees and shrubs.
Where to get seeds?
Multipurpose tree and shrub seed directory. P.G. von Carlowitz. Nairobi, International Council for Research in Agroforestry. 1986. 65 pp.
The main objective of this directory is to facilitate communication between institutions or individuals who need seeds, and seed suppliers. The document consists of a sequence of four tables, each of which deals with species or suppliers. Table I lists multipurpose species for which seed suppliers could be identified. Table 2 is the list of seed suppliers, including addresses and information on procedures for purchase and delivery. Table 3 contains information on the biophysical adaptability, reproduction, management and uses of a limited range of multipurpose tree and shrub species for which reliable information and seed sources were available. Table 4 is a master list of multipurpose trees and shrubs. An additional chapter is devoted to microsymbiotes for nitrogen-fixing trees.
Heavy metals In Doñana Park
Niveles de metales pesados en los sedimentos actuates del Parque Nacional de Doñana. A. Manrique Fournier. Arroyo Gonzalez, A. Ma, N. Conesa and J. Rodriguez Ruiz. Madrid, INIA. 1985. Comunicaciones INIA - Serie Recursos Naturales N° 38. 72 pp.
The steady deterioration in the quality of the environment has led all countries to devote more attention to the conservation of their natural spaces. Spain has been no exception, and in recent years there has been increasing concern over the future of its national parks. Among these, the one that has certainly received the most publicity, both at home and abroad, is Doñana National Park.
Most of the work to date on this park has been on flora and fauna. Very little has been done from the environmental point of view.
This study attempts first to ascertain the current levels of heavy metals in the sediment in the park's various watercourses, and second to analyse any anomaly in the sediment in order to discover its origins.
After an introduction the area of study is described, covering the geography, geology, climatology, superficial hydrology and ecology, in particular the factors that might disturb and lead to the deterioration of the park. Consideration is given to heavy metals in the aquatic environment and to the sources and transport of pollution. It also deals with material and methods (surveys, stations, sample-taking and data analysis and processing) and discusses the results and sets out the conclusions drawn. Lastly, it includes bibliographical references. The study, which is accompanied by graphs, tables and maps, could serve as a basis for similar studies in other regions.
For further information, contact the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias, Calle de Jose Abascal 56, 28003 Madrid, Spain. Tel.: (91)441 31 93. Telex: 48989 INIAE.
Forest societies in Guinea
Peuples de la forêt de Guinée, J. Germain. Paris, Académie des sciences d'outre-mer. 380 pp.
Upper Guinea, a mountainous region where savannah skirts the tropical rain forest, forms the background for this work on Guinean forest populations. People have always sought refuge and a means of subsistence in these forests. But who were these people and how did they manage to maintain a balance between their surroundings and their activities?
Like all forests, the Guinean forest provided humans with fruit, roots and seeds to eat, as well as with bark for their scanty clothing and wood for their canoes, weapons, masks and musical instruments. Lastly, there was the traditional economic resource of the forest, the cola nut, which was to become the object of intensive trade be tween Sudanian and Sahelian Africa.
The environment that ensured the survival of these peoples over the centuries was also the cradle of their culture. This is the main theme in these fascinating pages. J. Germain knew personally the Guinean forest communities of the Mano, Kono, Kpelle, Toma, Kissi and Lele, becoming familiar with their customs. The study was undertaken in the 1940s, when the author was Commandant de cercle in N'zerékoré, and his principal sources were direct observation and long nocturnal conversations with the local worthies. Later, the study was extended to include the whole of the mountainous forest region of Upper Guinea and even some zones of Côte d'Ivoire linked to the former by the cultural unity of their populations.
Starting with legends from the "dark ages", the author moves on to a history of the periphery of the forest region and of the movements of the populations around it, centrifugal movements that often returned to their point of departure. These successive waves of ancient settlements, the dates, itineraries and composition of which are almost completely unknown, are explained by the general movements of populations in Africa north of the equator, which in turn depended on major climatic changes. Although the interior of the forest was only sparsely populated, already by the fifth century BC there were tribes in the forest savannah who, sometimes after fierce clashes with new arrivals, became the present populations of Upper Guinea. The author describes their social organization (family society and totemic society), their political structure (the village, the canton, the law) and their religions. The history of the region's interior is by contrast far more recent, covering only approximately the last two centuries.
Finally, we are introduced to the artisans of the forest. First and most important is the smith, who works not only metals but also wood and stone. The weaver in each village can be identified by the white patch of cotton threads on his weaving loom and the rhythmic, almost obsessive sound of the pedals of the shuttle. Pottery is the women's domain; hand-made clay bottles, decorated and polished, are sold by the potters in their own homes. Completing the picture are the basket-maker with his bell-shaped chicken cages, and the raffia worker, who makes all the little straw objects that make daily life in the village more comfortable.
The work ends with a series of Kono fables, some of which have the freshness of La Fontaine's.
Admirably documented, this far-reaching first-hand study allows the reader a glimpse of the still largely unexplored history and customs of the mountainous forest region of Guinea.
Pulp and paper facts
Pulp and paper international fact-book San Francisco, Pulp and Paper International. 1986. 200 pp., 200 tables, 100 graphs. Price: US$169.
Pulp and Paper International has compiled a comprehensive book on the worldwide pulp and paper industry entitled International Factbook. It offers a global perspective, with production, capacity, consumption, and import and export data by countries, major grades and top companies.
Section 1 presents extensive histories of production and capacity for 95 countries and consumption for 150 countries, including:
· world production by country of paper, board, woodpulp, 1960-85;· world capacity by country of paper, board, woodpulp, 197985;
· world consumption by country of paper and board, as well as per caput consumption of paper and board, 1960-85;
· number of mills by country for paper, board, and woodpulp production, 196085;
· world's top 20 producers and consumers in paper and board production, woodpulp production, and paper and board consumption, 1960-85.
Section 2 covers production, exports and imports by up to 20 major grades of pulp, and board for the top 50 producing companies.
Section 3, devoted to regional export markets, details 25-year histories of regional production for major grades and export markets for kraftliner (1978-85), newsprint (1978-85) and woodpulp (1972-85). Included are NorScan newsprint and linerboard exports to major importers for 1972-85.
Section 4 presents detailed 10-year histories for the top 100 companies worldwide. Data from 1976-85 cover sales, earnings, assets, market pulp production, and paper and board production. Companies are ranked by 1985 sales. Sales, earnings and production for ten years are given. Operations are described and major mills are listed.
For more information, contact: Beverly Bavaro, Miller Freeman Publications, 500
Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94105, Tel.: (415) 397-1881, Telex: 278273.
Asian rain forests
The future of tropical rain forests in South East Asia. Gland, Switzerland, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. 1985. 127 pp.
This document, reprinted from The Environmentalist, Vol. 5 Supp. (1985), comprises the proceedings of a symposium held at the Forest Research Institute, Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia, on 1-2 September 1985. It contains 20 papers and speeches of varying lengths and on a wide variety of subjects and issues relating to tropical forests. Topics covered include the extent of the region's tropical rain forests, the rates of deforestation, plantation forestry, silvicultural practices, effects of rainforest modification on soil and water, and the conservation of tropical forest isolates. Most of the articles include extensive reference lists.
Information from Chile
Readers may be interested in the following selected numbers of Serie Informática published by the Forestry Institute (INFOR) Santiago, Chile.
La industria del aserrio 1983 Santiago, Instituto Forestal. 1984. Serie Informática N° 14. 90 pp.
La industria del aserrío 1983 (The Sawmilling Industry 1983), is the product of a contractual relationship between INFOR and the Corporacion de Fomento de la Productión (Production Development Corporation). The report gives a quantitative description of the activities of this subsector and of the main economic variables on which it depends. It contains maps, graphics and tables, and gives a good picture of the world sawnwood market in relation to the Chilean sawnwood industry.
Disponibilidad futura de madera en pie de pino radiata. Santiago, Instituto Forestal. Serie Informatica N° 17. 1984. 142 pp.
The main purpose of this study is to create a model with which to ascertain the size and characteristics of future supplies of standing timber (Pinus radiata D. Don) in plantations in Chile that will be harvested within the next 21 years. The work starts with the design of a computerized model (OFERTA) that simulates the growth and exploitation of a specific inventory of plantations, and deduces from this the annual supply of standing timber (sawnwood - pulpwood total).
The simulation makes it possible to establish an annual balance between anticipated supplies and a proposed sector of demand, indicating the existence of deficits or surpluses of standing timber.
The results show the amount of future national supplies of standing timber, their evolution in time and their regional distribution.
As a result of the present study, made by the Concepción Regional Division of the Forestry Institute of Chile, the OFERTA simulation model is ready for immediate use, on request. Further information on this study and on the possibilities of the OFERTA simulator may be obtained direct from the Forestry Institute.
Ocupación forestal, Santiago, Instituto Forestal. 1984. Serie Informatica N° 18. 64 pp
The purpose of this report is to narrow the gap in information on employment in forestry, which is fundamental to information on the sector. It forms part of the basic forestry statistics system under the agreement between the Corporación de Fomento de la Productión (Production Development Corporation) and INFOR.
The results are presented in the form of tables.
Las importaciones forestales chilenas Santiago, Instituto Forestal. Serie Informática N° 20. 1984.
In recent years, the Chilean economy has opened up to a greater extent to foreign trade. This had led to an appreciable rise in exports from the forestry sector; at the same time, there has been a growth in imports of forest products and goods to be used in the forest productive process. Under agreements with other institutions, INFOR has made a careful record of Chilean forest products sold on the international market, which will certainly lead to fuller knowledge of the foreign trade of the Chilean forestry sector.
The text is supported by tables and graphics.
Recent books from the FAO: regional office for Asia and the Pacific
Community forestry socioeconomic aspects. Y.S Rao, N.T. Vergara and G.W. Lovelace, eds. Bangkok, Environment and Policy Institute, East-West Center, FAO (RAPA) 1985. 420 PP
How do people make decisions in traditional agroforestry in Java? What are the main gaps in existing agroforestry data? Who pays and who gains in social forestry programmes in India? These are a few of the questions addressed in this useful document.
Published jointly by FAO (RAPA) and the Environment and Policy Institute of the East-West Center. Honolulu, Hawaii, the book is a compendium of papers presented at a regional workshop on socio-economic aspects of community and social forestry in the Asia and the Pacific Region, held in Bangkok in September 1984 under the joint sponsorship of the two organizations. (See Unasylva, 38 (149): 50-51, for a summary of the workshop.)
The book begins with a general section of four papers, followed by groups of papers on individual countries including India (five papers); Indonesia (three papers); Nepal (one paper); the Philippines (five papers); Thailand (four papers); and Sri Lanka (one paper). Appendixes include reports on socioeconomic research and curriculum development as they relate to social forestry in the region.
Most of the papers deal either with case-studies of specific social forestry projects or with research into specific issues. For example, N. Chaterjee's paper, "Economic aspects of social, forestry in India", analyses the economic and social impact of a variety of types of social forestry programmes (strip plantations, community forests, rehabilitated degraded forests, farm forests) using economic and social data from individual case-studies. Other papers of particular interest include M.T.R. Sarrna, "Employment and income aspects of social forestry programmes in India and the Philippines"; Segura de los Angeles, "Economic and social impact analysis of an upland development project in Nueva Ecija, Philippines"; and Brian Thompson, "Introducing nutrition considerations into forestry projects: experience from Northeast Thailand."
A VILLAGE NURSERY IN PAKISTAN be involved in watershed management programmes / F. MATTIOLI
The book will be a useful reference for anyone interested in the planning and execution of social forestry programmes, not only in the Asia and the Pacific region but elsewhere. Although the specific facts and figures may not be transferable from Asia to Africa or to Latin America, many of the basic concepts, ideas, constraints and solutions examined here are common to all regions.
Land use, watersheds, and planning in the Asia and the Pacific Region. RAPA Report 1986/3. Bangkok, Environment and Policy Institute, East-West Center, FAO (RAPA). 1986. Paperback. 230 pp.
The first 176 pages of this publication (part A) comprise the 12 invited papers presented at the SeminarWorkshop on Watershed Land-Use Planning, held at the Forestry Training Centre, Gympie, Queensland, Australia, in May 1985. Topics covered include socioeconomic and institutional aspects of forest land-use; sustained use and management of forests; conversion of forest to oil-palm and rubber trees, pasture or annual crops; agroforestry; and reforestation. Part B consists of a set of water- and soil-conservation guidelines developed from working-group discussions held during the Seminar-Workshop. Included as appendixes are timber harvesting guidelines used in North Queensland, Australia, and harvesting specifications applied in Peninsular Malaysia.
Chinese fuel-saving stoves. RAPA Publication 1986/25. Bangkok, FAO (RAPA). 1986. Paperback. 53 pp.
This well-illustrated document, designed essentially as a photo album, describes eight models of energy-saving stoves developed in China during the seventh Five-Year Plan. The photographs of the stoves in various stages of construction are clear and the technical diagrams are detailed. For
anyone involved in the production of more efficient wood-burning stoves, this small booklet proves the adage that "a picture is worth a thousand words".
For copies of any of these RAPA publications, write to the Regional Forestry Officer, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Maliwan Mansion, Phra Atit Road, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Supplies of some publications may be limited.
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Unasylva To our readers The next two issues of Unasylva, nos 157 and 158, will be combined into one larger-than -usual issue. This is a temporary measure designed to trim production costs without sacrificing quality. Subsequent issues will be quarterly as usual. |
