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Appendix

TABLE A4.1
Crop growth cycle and thermal regime associations

CropGrowth cycle (daysThermal regime
Range (°C)1Thermal zone
Barley90–12017.5–22.53,4
120–15015.0–17.55
150–18010.0–15.06,7
Maize (lowland)70–90> 20.01,2,3
90–110> 20.01,2,3
110–130> 20.01,2,3
Maize (highland)120–14017.5–20.04
140–18017.5–20.04
180–20017.5–20.04
200–22015.0–17.55
220–28015.0–17.55
280–30015.0–17.55
Oat90–12017.5–22.53,4
120–15015.0–17.55
150–18010.0–15.06,7
Pearl millet60–80> 20.01,2,3
80–100> 20.01,2,3
Rice (dryland)90–110> 20.01,2,3
110–130> 20.01,2,3
Rice (wetland)80–100> 20.01,2,3
100–120> 20.01,2,3
120–140> 20.01,2,3
Sorghum (highland)120–14017.5–20.04
140–18017.5–20.04
180–20017.5–20.04
200–22015.0–17.55
220–28015.0–17.55
280–30015.0–17.55
Sorghum (lowland)70–90> 20.01,2,3
90–110> 20.01,2,3
110–130> 20.01,2,3
Wheat100–13017.5–22.53,4
130–16015.0–17.55
160–19010.0–15.06,7
Cowpea80–100> 20.01,2,3
100–140> 20.01,2,3
Green gram60–80> 20.01,2,3
80–100> 20.01,2,3
Groundnut80–100> 20.01,2,3
100–140> 20.01,2,3
Phaseolus bean90–12017.5–25.02,3,4
120–15015.0–17.55
150–18012.5–15.06
Pigeon pea130–150> 20.01,2,3
150–170> 20.01,2,3
170–190> 20.01,2,3
Soybean80–100> 17.51,2,3,4
100–140> 17.51,2,3,4
Cassava150–330> 17.51,2,3,4
Sweet potato115–125> 20.01,2,3
125–145> 20.01,2,3
145–155> 20.01,2,3
White potato90–11015.0–22.53,4,5
110–13012.5–22.53,4,5,6
130–17010.0–22.53,4,5,6,7
Banana300–365> 17.51,2,3,4
Oil palm270–365> 22.51,2
Sugarcane210–365> 17.51,2,3,4
Coffee (Arabica)240–33015.0–22.53,4,5
Cotton160–180> 20.01,2,3
Pineapple330–365> 17.51,2,3,4
Pyrethrum210–33010.0–20.04,5,6,7
Sisal150–270> 17.51,2,3,4
Tea240–36512.5–22.53,4,5,6

1   24-hour mean temperature.

TABLE A4.2
Thermal zones suitability ratings

Crop codeCropGrowth cycle (days)Thermal zone
T1T2T3T4T5T6T7T8T9
011Barley90–120NNS3S1nananaNN
012120–150NNnanaS1nanaNN
013150–180NNnananaS2S4NN
021Maize (lowland)70–90S1S1S1NNNNNN
02290–110S1S1S1NNNNNN
023110–130S1S1S1NNNNNN
031Maize (highland)120–140NNNS1nanaNNN
032140–180NNNS1nanaNNN
033180–200NNNS1nanaNNN
034200–220NNNnananaNNN
035220–280NNNnaS2naNNN
036280–300NNNnaS2S4NNN
041Oat90–120NNS4S2nananaNN
042120–150NNnanaS1nanaNN
043150–180NNnananananaNN
051Pearl millet60–80S1S1S3NNNNNN
05280–100S1S1S3NNNNNN
061Rice (dryland)90–110S1S1S3NNNNNN
062110–130S1S1S3NNNNNN
071Rice (wetland)80–100S1S1S3NNNNNN
072100–120S1S1S3NNNNNN
073120–140S1S1S3NNNNNN
081Sorghum (lowland)70–90S1S1S1NNNNNN
08290–110S1S1S1NNNNNN
083110–130S1S1S1NNNNNN
091Sorghum (highland)120–140NNNS1naNNNN
092140–180NNNS1naNNNN
093180–200NNNS1naNNNN
094200–220NNNnaS3NNNN
095220–280NNNnaS3NNNN
096280–300NNNnaS3NNNN
111Wheat100–130NNS4S1nananaNN
112130–160NNnanaS1nanaNN
113160–190NNnananaS2S4NN
211Cowpea80–100S1S1S3NNNNNN
212100–140S1S1S3NNNNNN
221Green gram60–80S1S2S4NNNNNN
22280–100S1S2S4NNNNNN
231Groundnut80–100S1S1S3NNNNNN
232100–140S1S1S3NNNNNN
241Phaseolus bean90–120NS4S1S1nanaNNN
242120–150NnananaS1naNNN
243150–180NnanananaS3S4NN
251Pigeon pea130–150S1S1S3NNNNNN
252150–170S1S1S3NNNNNN
253170–190S1S1S3NNNNNN
261Soybean80–100S2S1S1S3NNNNN
262100–140S2S1S1S3NNNNN
311Cassava150–130S1S1S2S4NNNNN
321Sweet potato115–125S1S1S2S4NNNNN
322125–145S1S1S2S4NNNNN
323145–155S1S1S2S4NNNNN
331White potato90–110NNS4S1nananaNN
332110–130NNS4S1S2S2naNN
333130–170NNS4S1S2S2S4NN
411Banana300–365S1S1S1S3NNNNN
421Oil palm270–365S1S2NNNNNNN
431Sugarcane210–365S1S1S2S4NNNNN
511Coffee (Arabica)240–365NNS3S1S4NNNN
521Cotton160–180S1S1S3NNNNNN
531Pineapple330–365S1S1S1S3NNNNN
541Pyrethrum210–330NNNS3S1S2S4NN
551Sisal150–270S1S1S2S4NNNNN
561Tea240–265NNS3S1S2S4NNN

TABLE A4.3
Crop yields (t/ha dry weight) at the high Input level by LGPs (days)

CropGrowth cycle (days)Max. yieldLGP
01–2930–5960–8990–119120–149150–179180–209210–239240–269270–299300–329330–364365-365+
Barley90–1204.550.000.000.000.603.104.504.554.402.501.850.550.550.550.550.55
Barley120–1504.550.000.000.000.000.003.104.504.552.501.850.550.550.550.550.55
Barley150–1804.550.000.000.000.000.000.003.104.504.551.850.550.550.550.550.55
Maize (lowland)70–904.140.000.000.000.671.633.114.144.042.811.921.421.320.990.990.40
Maize (lowland)90–1105.620.000.000.000.002.184.255.625.523.962.661.961.861.401.400.60
Maize (lowland)110–1307.100.000.000.000.000.005.407.107.005.103.402.502.401.801.800.80
Maize (highland)120–1408.500.000.000.000.231.785.898.507.805.853.902.932.932.190.980.98
Maize (highland)140–1809.400.000.000.000.000.000.007.098.379.408.266.223.402.551.141.14
Maize (highland)180–20010.300.000.000.000.000.000.003.696.5910.3010.307.733.862.901.291.29
Maize (highland)200–22010.900.000.000.000.000.000.003.697.1310.9010.908.184.093.071.361.36
Maize (highland)220–28010.900.000.000.000.000.000.002.093.966.517.027.195.653.341.481.48
Maize (highland)280–30010.900.000.000.000.000.000.000.490.782.123.136.197.203.601.601.60
Oats90–1204.100.000.000.000.502.804.104.003.902.201.600.450.450.450.450.45
Oats120–1504.100.000.000.000.000.002.804.104.002.201.600.450.450.450.450.45
Oats150–1804.100.000.000.000.000.000.002.804.104.001.600.450.450.450.450.45
Pearl millet60–802.800.000.000.001.102.202.202.802.001.100.300.300.300.300.300.30
Pearl millet80–1003.900.000.000.000.003.103.103.902.801.600.500.500.500.500.500.50
Rice (dryland)90–1103.300.000.000.000.200.710.901.301.902.503.303.303.302.401.801.20
Rice (dryland)110–1304.200.000.000.000.000.001.101.602.403.204.204.204.103.002.301.50
Rice (wetland)80–1002.490.000.000.000.000.000.001.311.932.492.492.442.422.362.361.58
Rice (wetland)100–1203.280.000.000.000.000.000.001.712.523.283.283.233.203.153.152.10
Rice (wetland)120–1404.040.000.000.000.000.000.002.093.094.044.043.963.863.863.862.57
Sorghum (lowland)70–902.970.000.000.000.511.522.332.972.871.500.670.500.300.300.300.30
Sorghum (lowland)90–1104.040.000.000.000.002.083.704.043.942.100.940.700.450.450.450.45
Sorghum (lowland)110–1305.100.000.000.000.000.003.805.105.002.701.200.900.600.600.600.60
Sorghum (highland)120–1406.000.000.000.000.231.244.206.005.603.151.401.050.700.700.700.70
Sorghum (highland)140–1806.650.000.000.000.000.000.005.316.656.464.252.351.280.810.810.81
Sorghum (highland)180–2007.300.000.000.000.000.000.002.594.687.305.482.741.370.910.910.91
Sorghum (highland)200–2207.800.000.000.000.000.000.002.595.147.805.852.931.460.980.980.98
Sorghum (highland)220–2807.800.000.000.000.000.000.001.472.944.614.393.652.461.261.261.26
Sorghum (highland)280–3007.800.000.000.000.000.000.000.350.741.422.934.363.451.531.531.53
Wheat100–1305.100.000.000.000.431.763.765.105.002.822.070.620.620.620.620.62
Wheat130–1605.000.000.000.000.000.003.125.005.002.822.070.620.620.620.620.62
Wheat160–1905.000.000.000.000.000.000.003.235.005.002.070.920.620.620.620.62
Cowpea80–1002.400.000.000.050.350.901.502.402.402.301.701.701.200.600.400.30
Cowpea100–1403.400.000.000.000.001.101.923.403.303.302.502.401.700.900.600.40
Green gram60–801.900.000.000.080.271.001.401.901.901.801.401.400.600.500.400.30
Green gram80–1002.500.000.000.000.401.301.902.502.502.501.901.700.800.600.600.40
Groundnut80–1002.400.000.000.000.410.901.502.402.402.301.301.000.800.600.400.30
Groundnut100–1403.300.000.000.000.001.101.903.303.303.301.901.401.200.900.600.40
Phaseoulus bean90–1202.650.000.000.000.320.922.002.652.551.921.920.960.720.480.320.32
Phaseoulus bean120–1502.650.000.000.000.000.371.002.652.551.921.920.960.720.480.320.32
Phaseoulus bean150–1802.650.000.000.000.000.000.441.492.652.551.920.960.720.480.320.32
Pigeon pea130–1503.300.000.000.000.070.351.383.303.303.202.402.401.700.900.600.40
Pigeon pea150–1703.800.000.000.000.000.001.503.803.703.702.802.702.001.000.700.40
Pigeon pea170–1904.040.000.000.000.000.000.003.553.984.043.082.912.211.070.770.40
Soybean80–1002.400.000.000.000.350.901.902.402.401.701.100.900.600.400.300.30
Soybean100–1403.400.000.000.000.001.002.503.403.302.501.601.200.900.600.400.40
Cassava150–33013.150.000.000.000.000.000.003.508.7510.8511.9012.4013.157.407.405.00
Sweet potato115–1257.700.000.000.000.002.053.907.607.607.407.405.502.702.702.701.80
Sweet potato125–1458.900.000.000.000.000.004.508.758.758.558.556.303.103.053.052.05
Sweet potato145–15510.100.000.000.000.000.000.0010.1 09.909.709.707.103.503.403.402.30
White potato90–1105.700.000.000.001.202.083.285.705.483.053.051.050.700.700.700.70
White potato110–1307.300.000.000.000.002.254.157.307.053.953.951.350.900.900.900.90
White potato130–1709.700.000.000.000.000.004.849.709.405.305.301.801.201.201.201.20
Banana300–3659.6010.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.002.304.306.709.609.60
Oil palm270–3655.3020.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.002.813.284.445.305.30
Sugarcane210–36511.6010.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.004.406.308.109.8010.8211.608.70

1   Adjusted as appropriate for turn-round time (15 days) between crops where LGP > 330.
2   Adjusted for the non-productive establishment period (20% of total rotation age).

TABLE A4.4
Crop yields (t/ha dry weight) at the intermediate Input level by LGPs (days)

CropGrowth cycle (days)Max. yieldLGP
01–2930–5960–8990–119120–149150–179180–209210–239240–269270–299300–329330–364365-365+
Barley90–1202.850.000.000.000.381.932.832.852.751.551.150.380.380.350.350.35
Barley120–1502.850.000.000.000.000.001.932.832.851.681.250.380.380.350.350.35
Barley150–1802.850.000.000.000.000.000.001.932.832.851.350.380.380.350.350.35
Maize (lowland)70–902.590.000.000.000.361.001.862.572.541.791.261.030.910.700.580.29
Maize (lowland)90–1103.510.000.000.000.001.302.533.513.452.501.731.371.280.990.820.42
Maize (lowland)110–1304.450.000.000.000.000.003.204.454.353.202.201.701.651.251.050.55
Maize (highland)120–1405.320.000.000.000.141.063.505.324.883.662.502.022.021.370.610.61
Maize (highland)140–1805.840.000.000.000.000.000.003.555.205.845.173.972.341.580.710.71
Maize (highland)180–2006.440.000.000.000.000.000.002.314.126.446.444.832.661.810.810.81
Maize (highland)200–2206.820.000.000.000.000.000.002.314.566.826.825.112.811.920.850.85
Maize (highland)220–2806.820.000.000.000.000.000.001.317.234.074.394.493.662.090.930.93
Maize (highland)280–3006.820.000.000.000.000.000.000.310.493.713.963.874.502.251.001.00
Oats90–1202.550.000.000.000.331.752.552.482.431.380.980.300.300.280.280.28
Oats120–1502.550.000.000.000.000.001.752.552.431.581.080.300.300.280.280.28
Oats150–1802.550.000.000.000.000.000.001.752.552.481.280.300.300.280.280.28
Pearl millet60–801.750.000.000.000.701.351.351.751.250.750.250.200.200.200.200.20
Pearl millet80–1002.450.000.000.000.001.951.952.451.751.050.350.350.300.300.300.30
Rice (dryland)90–1102.070.000.000.000.130.450.570.821.191.572.072.072.071.501.130.75
Rice (dryland)110–1302.630.000.000.000.000.000.691.001.502.002.632.632.571.881.440.94
Rice (wetland)80–1001.560.000.000.000.000.000.000.791.211.561.561.531.521.481.480.99
Rice (wetland)100–1202.050.000.000.000.000.000.001.071.582.052.032.022.001.971.971.32
Rice (wetland)120–1402.530.000.000.000.000.000.001.311.932.532.532.482.472.422.421.61
Sorghum (lowland)70–901.860.000.000.000.310.911.391.861.800.940.420.300.180.180.180.18
Sorghum (lowland)90–1102.530.000.000.000.001.242.142.511.971.320.590.420.270.270.270.27
Sorghum (lowland)110–1303.180.000.000.000.000.002.263.193.131.690.750.540.360.360.360.36
Sorghum (highland)120–1403.750.000.000.000.140.742.503.753.501.970.900.660.480.440.440.44
Sorghum (highland)140–1804.150.000.000.000.000.000.003.354.154.072.691.510.790.510.510.51
Sorghum (highland)180–2004.570.000.000.000.000.000.001.622.934.573.431.760.860.570.570.57
Sorghum (highland)200–2204.880.000.000.000.000.000.001.623.224.883.661.880.920.610.620.62
Sorghum (highland)220–2804.880.000.000.000.000.000.000.911.842.892.752.241.650.790.790.79
Sorghum (highland)280–3004.880.000.000.000.000.000.000.200.460.891.832.592.370.960.960.96
Wheat100–1303.190.000.000.000.271.122.353.193.131.771.300.430.430.390.390.39
Wheat130–1603.130.000.000.000.000.001.953.133.131.881.380.430.430.390.390.39
Wheat160–1903.130.000.000.000.000.000.002.023.133.131.380.640.430.390.390.39
Cowpea80–1001.450.000.000.030.200.500.851.401.451.451.001.000.750.400.300.25
Cowpea100–1401.950.000.000.000.000.601.111.951.951.951.501.451.100.650.400.30
Green gram60–801.200.000.000.050.170.600.901.201.201.150.800.800.400.300.200.15
Green gram80–1001.550.000.000.000.250.801.201.551.551.551.101.000.500.350.250.20
Groundnut80–1001.500.000.000.000.280.550.951.501.501.350.800.600.500.400.250.20
Groundnut100–1402.050.000.000.000.000.701.202.052.051.951.200.900.700.550.400.25
Phaseoulus bean90–1201.660.000.000.000.200.581.251.661.521.141.050.570.450.280.200.20
Phaseoulus bean120–1501.660.000.000.000.000.230.631.661.521.141.080.570.450.280.200.20
Phaseoulus bean150–1801.660.000.000.000.000.000.280.931.571.461.080.570.450.280.200.20
Pigeon pea130–1502.050.000.000.000.050.220.872.052.052.001.501.401.050.550.350.25
Pigeon pea150–1702.400.000.000.000.000.000.952.402.302.301.751.601.250.600.450.25
Pigeon pea170–1902.530.000.000.000.000.000.002.222.492.531.931.821.330.670.490.25
Soybean80–1001.500.000.000.000.210.551.201.501.401.000.700.550.350.250.200.20
Soybean100–1402.100.000.000.000.000.631.552.101.951.501.050.750.550.350.250.25
Cassava150–3308.240.000.000.000.000.000.002.355.206.767.427.748.244.974.973.44
Sweet potato115–1254.800.000.000.000.001.282.454.804.754.604.403.452.051.801.801.25
Sweet potato125–1455.550.000.000.000.000.002.835.555.485.335.083.952.352.052.051.45
Sweet potato145–1556.300.000.000.000.000.000.006.306.206.055.754.452.652.302.301.60
White potato90–1103.550.000.000.000.731.292.043.553.442.051.930.710.420.420.420.42
White potato110–1304.550.000.000.000.001.402.604.554.432.652.480.930.550.550.550.55
White potato130–1706.050.000.000.000.000.003.126.055.903.553.301.250.750.750.750.75
Banana300–3656.0010.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.001.452.704.006.006.00
Oil palm270–3653.3220.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.001.692.062.783.323.32
Sugarcane210–3657.2510.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.002.753.955.056.106.777.265.44

1   Adjusted as appropriate for turn–round time (15 days) between crops where LGP >330.
2   Adjusted for the non–productive establishment period (20% of total rotation age).


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