TABLE 4. Uruguay Round change in tariff escalation of selected products in developed countries
Product category by stage of processing Weighted average Change in
tariff escalation
Pre-UR
(%)
Post-UR
(%)
Reduction
(%)
Hides, skins and leather
Raw 0.1 0.1 0 NA
Semi-manufactures 4.6 3.6 22 -22
Finished products 8.7 7.0 20 -20
Total 5.2 4.1 21 NA
Rubber
Raw 0.1 0.0 100 NA
Semi-manufactures 5.5 3.3 40 -39
Finished products 5.1 3.6 30 -67
Total 3.4 2.3 32 NA
Wood
Wood in the rough (logs) 0.0 0.0 0 NA
Wood-based panels 9.4 6.5 31 -30
Semi-manufactures 0.9 0.4 50 -50
Wood articles 4.7 1.6 67 -67
Total 2.0 1.1 43 NA
Paper
Pulp and waste 0 0 0 NA
Paper and paper board 5.3 0 100 -100
Printed matter 1.7 0.3 83 -83
Paper articles 7.3 0 100 -100
Total 3.5 0 99 NA
Jute
Fibres 0 0 0 NA
Yams 5.4 0.1 98 -98
Fabrics 5.7 3.2 43 -43
Total 5.1 1.8 64 NA
Copper
Unwrought 0.9 0.7 30 NA
Semi-manufactures 4.3 3.1 28 -28
Total 1.7 1.2 29 NA
Nickel
Unwrought 0.5 0.3 40 NA
Semi-manufactures 2.6 1.0 63 -68
Total 0.7 0.4 48 NA
Aluminium
Unwrought 2.1 1.6 23 NA
Semi-manufactures 5.9 4.8 17 NA
Total 3.0 2.4 20 NA
Lead
Unwrought 2.4 1.3 45 NA
Semi-manufactures 4.5 2.8 37 -29
Total 2.4 1.4 44 NA
Tobacco
Unmanufactured 14.7 11.5 22 NA
Manufactured 22.1 9.2 58 -131
Total 17.3 10.7 38 NA

Note: UR = Uruguay Round; NA = not applicable.
Tariffs are based on weighted averages on imports from all sources.
Tariff escalation is defined as the tariff wedge between the processed and unprocessed or raw product.
Source: GATT (1994).