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9. REFERENCES

ADCP, Aquaculture Development and Coordination Programme, 1983. Fish feeds and feeding in developing countries. An interim report on the ADCP feed development programme. Rome, Italy. FAO-ADCP/REP/83/18:97 pp.

Amlacher, E., 1970. Textbook of fish diseases. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, USA, 301 pp.

Anonymous, 1981. A handbook of diseases of cultured Clarias (pla duk) in Thailand. National Inland Fisheries Institute, Freshwater Fisheries Division, Department of Fisheries, Bangkok, Thailand

Anonymous, 1987a. Les priorités pour la recherche aquicole en Afrique. Compte rendu d’un atelier à Dakar, Senegal, 1986, le Centre de Recherche pour le Développement International, MR 149f, Ottawa (Canada).

Anonymous, 1987b. Thematic Evaluation of Aquaculture. Joint study of the UNDP/FAO/Norwegian Ministry of Development Cooperation. FAO, Rome, Italy, 129 pp.

Boonbrahm, M., W. Tarnchalanukit and P. Suraniranat, 1977. Experiments on hybridization of fresh-water catfish, Clarias macrocephalus (Ghunter) and Clarias batrachus. Research Report of the Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, 143 pp.

Boulenger, G.A., 1911. Catalogue of freshwater fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History) 2, London, 529 pp.

Bruton, M.N., 1979a. The breeding biology and early development of Clarias gariepinus (Pisces, clariidae) in Lake Sibaya, South Africa, with a review of breeding species of the subgenus Clarias (Clarias). Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 35:1-45.

Bruton, M.N., 1979b. The food and feeding behaviour of Clarias gariepinus (Pisces, Clariidae) in Lake Sibaya, South Africa, with its emphasis on its role as a predator of cichlids. Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 35:47-114.

Campbell, D., S. Obuya and M. Spoo, 1995. A simple method for small scale propagation of Clarias gariepinus in Western Kenya, Field Document No. 2, FAO/TCP/KEN/4551, 27 pp.

Clay, D., 1979. Population biology, growth and feeding of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, with special reference to juveniles and their importance in fish culture. Arch. Hydrobiol., 87 (4): 453-482.

Centre Technique Forester Tropical (CTFT), 1972. Premieres directives pour l’introduction de Clarias lazera en pisciculture. SF/RAF/66/054: Annexe 8. Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Nogent-sur-Marne, 16 pp.

David, L., 1935. Die entwicklung der clariiden und ihre Verbreitung. Revue Zool. Bot. Afr., 28: 77-147.

de Graaf, G.J., 1989. La reproduction artificielle et l’alevinage de Clarias gariepinus au centre de production d’alevins de Loka en Côte-d’Ivoire. Rapport d’une mission effectuée du 28/10/1989 au 10/11/1989. Projet du développement de la pisciculture rurale, FAO/IVC/87/007 (unpublished).

de Graaf, G.J., F. Galemoni and B. Banzoussi, 1995. The artificial reproduction and fingerling production of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) in protected and unprotected ponds. Aquaculture Research 26: 233-242.

de Graaf, G.J., F. Galemoni, and B. Banzoussi, 1996. Recruitment control of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, by the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) and, the African snakehead, Ophiocephalus obscuris. I. A biological analysis. Aquaculture, 1996. (In press).

El Bolock, A.R., 1976. Rearing of the Nile catfish, Clarias lazera to marketable size in Egyptian experimental ponds. FAO/CPCA Symposium on Aquaculture in Africa. Accra, Ghana. CIFA Tech. Pap. 4 (1): 612-620.

Groenewald, A.A.v.J., 1964. Observations on the food habits of Clarias gariepinus Burchell, the South African freshwater Barbel (Pisces: Clariidae) in Transvaal. Hydrobiologia 23: 267-273.

Hecht, T. and W. Lublinkhof, 1985. Clarias gariepinus x Heterobranchus longifilis (Clariidae: Pisces): A new species for aquaculture. South African Journal of Science, 81:620-621.

Hecht, T., W. Uys and P.J. Britz, 1988. The culture of sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus in Southern Africa. South African National Scientific Programmes Report No. 153, 133 pp.

Hecht, T. and S. Appelbaum, 1988. Observations on intraspecific aggression and coeval sibling cannibalism by larval and juvenile Clarias gariepinus (Clariidae: Pisces) under controlled conditions. J. Zool., Lond., 214: 21-44.

Hogendoorn, H. and R. Wieme, 1976. Preliminary results concerning the culture of Clarias lazera in Cameroon. FAO/CPCA Symposium on Aquaculture in Africa. Accra, Ghana. CIFA Tech. Pap. 4 (1): 621-624.

Hogendoorn, H., 1979. Controlled propagation of the African catfish, Clarias lazera (C&V). I. Reproductive biology and field experiments. Aquaculture, 17 (4): 323-333.

Hogendoorn, H., 1980. Controlled propagation of the African catfish, Clarias lazera (C&V). III. Feeding and growth of fry. Aquaculture, 21:233-241.

Hogendoorn, H., and M.M. Vismans, 1980. Controlled propagation of the African catfish, Clarias lazera (C&V). II. Artificial reproduction. Aquaculture, 21: 39-53.

Hogendoorn, H., 1981. Controlled propagation of the African catfish, Clarias lazera (C&V). IV. Effect of feeding regime in fingerling culture. Aquaculture, 24: 123-131.

Hogendoorn, H., J.A.J. Jansen, W.J. Koops, M.A.M. Machiels, P.H. van Ewijk, and J.P. van Hees,1983. Growth and production of the African catfish, Clarias lazera (C&V). II. Effects of body weight, temperature and feeding level in intensive tank culture. Aquaculture, 34:265-285.

Janssen, J.A.L., 1985a. Elevage du poisson-chat africain Clarias lazera (C&V) en République Centraficaine. I. Propagation artificielle. FAO projet GCD/CAF/007/NET. Document technique no. 20, 37 pp.

Janssen, J.A.L., 1985b. Elevage du poisson-chat africain Clarias lazera (C&V) en République Centraficaine. II. Alevinage en écloserie. FAO projet GCD/CAF/007/NET. Document Technique no. 21, 31 pp.

Janssen, J.A.L., 1985c. Elevage du poisson-chat africain Clarias lazera (C&V) en République Centraficaine. III. Alevinage et grossissement en étangs. FAO projet GCD/CAF/007/NET. Document Technique no. 22, 41 pp.

Jocque, R., 1975. Sur quelques essais de reproduction induite chez Clarias lazera et Clarias senagalensis. PNUD/AVB/FAO-IVC 256, Rapp. Techn. No. 43, 17 pp.

Jubb, R.A., 1961. An illustrated guide to the fresh water fishes of the Zambezi River, Lake Kariba, Pungwe, Sabi, Lundi and Limpopo Rivers. Bulawayo: Stuart Manning, (PVT) Ltd., 171 pp.

Kelleher, M.K. and M. Vincke, 1976. Preliminary results of studies on the survival of Clarias lazera fry in ponds. FAO/CPCA Symposium on Aquaculture in Africa. Accra, Ghana. CIFA Tech. Pap. 4 (1): 487-496.

Legendre, M., G.G. Teugels, C. Cauty and B. Jalabert, 1992. A comparative study on morphology, growth rate and reproduction of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822), Heterobranchus longifilus Valenciennes, 1840 and their reciprocal hybrids (Pisces, Clariidae). Journal of Fish Biology, 40: 59-79.

Lemasson, J. and J. Bard, 1968. Nouveaux poissons et nouveaux systemes pour la pisciculture en Afrique. In: T.V.R. Pillay (ed.): Proc. World Symp. Warmwater Pond Fish Culture., FAO Fish. Rep. 44 (5): 182-195.

Meschkat, A., 1967. The status of warm-water pond fish culture in Africa. In: T.V.R. Pillay (ed.): Proc. World Symp. Warmwater Pond Fish Culture., FAO Fish Rep. 44 (5): 182-195.

Micha, J.C., 1973. Etude des populations piscicoles de l’Ubangui et tentative de selection et d’adaptation de quelques especes a l’etang de pisciculture. Centre Technique Forestiere Tropical, Nogent sur Marne, 100 pp.

Micha, J.C., 1976. Synthèse des essais de reproduction, d’alevinage et de production chez un silure Africain: Clarias lazera Val. Symp. FAO/CPCA on Aquaculture in Africa. Accra, Ghana. CIFA Tech. Pap. 4 (1): 450-473.

Moussa, T.A., 1956. Morphology of the accessory air-breathing organs of the teleost Clarias lazera (C&V). J. Morph., 98:125-160.

Mukhopadathy, S.M. and P.V. Dehadrai, 1987. Survival of hybrids between air-breathing catfishes Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) and Clarias batrachus (Linn.), Matsya, 12-13:162-164.

Munro, J.L., 1967. The food of a community of East African freshwater fishes. J. Zool., Lond. 151:389-415.

Obuya, S., J. Ochieng and D. Campbell, 1995. Integration of chicken raising and rearing of larval Clarias gariepinus in large ponds. Field Document No. 3, FAO Project KEN/86/027, Kisumu, Kenya, 14 pp.

Owiti, D.O. and S. Dadzie, 1989. Maturity, fecundity and the effect of reduced rainfall on the spawning rhythm of a siluroid catfish, Clarias mossambicus (Peters). Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, 20:355-368.

Pham, A., 1975. Donnees sur la reproduction en masse d’alevins de Clarias lazera Val. (Pisces, Clariidae). Ann Univ. Abidjan, Ser. E, 8 (1):139-145.

Pruginin, Y., 1967. Report to the Government of Uganda on the experimental fish culture project in Uganda, 1965-66. FAO/UNDP (Technical Assistance). Reports on Fisheries TA Report 2446. FAO, Rome, 19 pp.

Reichenbach-Klinke, H. and E. Elkan, 1965. The principal diseases of lower vertebrates; Book I, Diseases of Fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, USA, 205 pp.

Richter, C.J.J., 1979. The African catfish, Clarias lazera (C&V). A new possibility for fish culture in tropical regions. Misc. Pap. Landbouwhogeschool, Wageningen, No. 13: 51-71.

Richter, C.J.J., W.J.A.R. Viveen, E.H. Eding, M. Sukkel, A.J. Rothuis, M.F.P.M. van Hoof, F.G.J. van der Berg, and P.G.W.J. van Oordt, 1987. The significance of photoperiodicity, water temperature and an inherent rhythm for production of viable eggs by the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus kept in subtropical ponds in Israel and under Israeli and Dutch hatchery conditions. Aquaculture, 63:169-185.

Robinson, E.H., 1984. Vitamin requirements. In Robinson, E.H. and R.T. Lovell (eds). Nutrition and feeding of channel catfish (revised). Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin 296:21-25.

Schroeder, G.L., 1980. Fish farming in manure loaded ponds. In: R.S.V. Pullin and Z.H. Shehadeh (eds). Integrated Agriculture-Aquaculture Farming Systems. Proc. ICLARM-SEARCA Conf. Manila, Philippines, 6-9 August, 1979. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 4: 73-86.

Shell, E.W. 1968. Mono-sex culture of male Tilapia nilotica (Linnaeus) in ponds stocked at three rates. FAO Fish Rep. 44 (4): 353-356.

Spataru, P., W.J.A.R. Viveen, and M. Gophen, 1987. Food composition of Clarias gariepinus (= C. lazera), (Cypriniformes, Claridae) in Lake Kinneret (Israel), Hydrobiologica, 144: 77-82.

Tarnchalanukit, W., 1986. Experimental hybridization between catfishes of the family Clariidae and Pangasiidae in Thailand. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 16: 317-320.

Teugels, G.G., 1982a. Preliminary results of a morphological study of five nominal species of the subgenus Clarias (Pisces; Clariidae). J. Nat. Hist., 16 (3):439-464.

Teugels, G.G., 1982b. Preliminary data of a systematic outline of the African species of the genus Clarias (Pisces; Clariidae). Rev. Zool. Afr., 96 (4): 731-748.

Teugels, G.G., 1984. The nomenclature of African Clarias species used in aquaculture. Aquaculture, 38:373-374.

Tonguthai, K., S. Chinabut, C. Limsuwan, T. Somsiri, P. Chanratchakool, S. Kanchanakhan, and I. MacRae, 1993. Handbook of hybrid catfish: Husbandry and health. Aquatic Animal Health Research Institute, Department of Fisheries, Kasetsart University Campus, Jatujak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand, 37 pp.

van der Waal, B.C.W., 1974. Observations on the breeding habits of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). J.Fish Biol., 6 (1): 23-27.

Viveen, W.J.A.R., C.J.J. Richter, P.G.W.J. Van Oordt, J.A.L. Janssen, and E.A. Huisman, 1985. Practical manual for the culture of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The Netherlands Ministry for Development Cooperation, Section for Research and Technology, P.O. Box 20061, 2500 EB The Hague, The Netherlands, 128 pp.

Woynarovich, E. and L. Horvath, 1980. The artificial propagation of warmwater fin fishes: A manual for extension. FAO Fish.Tech.Pap. 201:183.


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