Timber and forest products have become increasingly mobile in the global economy, flowing from areas of primary competitive advantage for production to points of consumption either for intermediate processing or end use. In spite of this emerging globalization of trade, most forest products are dominated by a relatively few bilateral trade flows. Major consumption is highly correlated with the combination of relatively abundant resources and high national incomes and economic development.
Major trade flows from leading exporters to major importers are compiled by FAO as part of the Forest Products yearbook. Information for roundwood, sawnwood, veneer sheets, plywood, particleboard, fiberboard, wood pulp, and paper and paperboard are reproduced from the 1994 Yearbook in Appendix 21 covering trade flows for 1992 and 1993.
Trade in conifer roundwood is primarily focused on the USA, Russian Federation, New Zealand, and Canada as major exporters, accounting for 27.8 million cubic meters (65.8 percent) with Chile emerging as an exporter of plantation grown pine. Within Central and Eastern Europe, Germany (3.7 million cubic meters), followed by France, Belgium-Luxembourg, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Austria, and Scandinavia (Sweden and Norway), are leading exporters (20.3 percent), trading almost entirely within the European Community. The former group (USA, Russia, New Zealand and Canada) are largely oriented towards the Pacific Rim, although the USA and Canada are involved in both Pacific Rim and European Trade for conifer roundwoods. Dominant importers outside North America are in the Asia Pacific region and include Japan, South Korea, and China which together accounted for 54 percent of imports. European importers are led by Austria, Italy, Sweden, Finland, and Norway. Total global trade estimated for 1993 was 42.3 million cubic meters.
Trade in tropical non-conifer roundwood was estimated at 16.3 million cubic meters for 1993, and was lead by exports from Malaysia (56.2 percent), Papua New Guinea (11.3 percent), the African producers of Gabon, Cameroon and the Congo (14.9 percent), and to a lesser extent Myanmar, the Solomon Islands and Cambodia. Importers include Japan (7.8 million cubic meters, 47.7 percent), South Korea, China, Thailand, Hong Kong and the Philippines (5.7 million cubic meters, 35.1 percent) within the Asia Pacific region, with France, Italy, Portugal and Spain leading European importers (1.6 million cubic meters, 10.1 percent).
Other non-conifer roundwood (primarily temperate hardwoods) is lead by exports from the Russian Federation (4.5 million cubic meters), France (1.4 million cubic meters), the USA (1.9 million cubic meters), and Argentina (0.8 million cubic meters). Total exports in 1993 were estimated at 13.6 million cubic meters. Importers include Finland, Sweden, Italy (6.3 million cubic meters, 46.4 percent) and Japan (1.4 million cubic meters, 10.6 percent). Canada, Belgium, and Australia also imported significant volumes. Japan, as the major Asia Pacific importer, received non-conifer roundwood primarily from Russia, Canada and China (95.4 percent of Japan imports). The USA largest export market was Canada, which accounted for almost 1 million cubic meters, or 49.2 percent of all USA exports.
Conifer sawnwood trade is highly concentrated in trade between Canada and the USA. Total trade of 85.3 million cubic meters in 1993 included bilateral trade of over 35 million cubic meters between these two countries or 41 percent of the global total. Sweden, the USA, Russia, Finland and Austria are major exporters. Canada alone accounted for 50.2 percent of total exports. Japan the UK, Germany and Italy are also major importers. Non-conifer timber trade in sawnwood of 16.9 million cubic meters in 1993 centered on exports from Malaysia (5.3 million cubic meters, 31.1 percent), and the USA (2.4 million cubic meters, 14.4 percent). France, Singapore, Indonesia and Canada play important secondary roles as major exporters. Imports are oriented to Thailand, Japan, South Korea, China, and Singapore in Asia Pacific (5.7 million cubic meters, 32.3 percent), and Italy in Europe. Belgium, the Netherlands, and Germany are leading European importers (2.3 million cubic meters, 13.7 percent).
Trade flows for veneer sheets are relatively small by volume, reaching 2.6 million cubic meters in 1993. Major exports were from Malaysia USA, Canada and Brazil. Imports were by Japan and China in the Asia Pacific region, the USA, Germany and Italy in Europe. In contrast, plywood trade was an estimated 17.1 million cubic meters, with Indonesia alone accounting for 8.9 million cubic meters, or 52 percent of exports. Malaysia was the second leading exporter, followed by Singapore and Hong Kong among the Asian Pacific countries. North America (USA and Canada) were significant exporters. Brazil lead Latin American exporters, while Finland was the leading European exporter. Imports were primarily by Japan, China and South Korea in the Asia Pacific Region, followed by Hong Kong, China and Singapore. The USA was the third leading importer after Japan and China. The UK and Germany lead European importers, followed by the Netherlands and Belgium-Luxembourg.
Trade in Particleboard has increased to 10.7 million cubic meters for 1993, with Canada being the largest exporter (28 percent). Belgium, Germany, Austria and France lead European exporters with approximately 38 percent of all global exports. Fiberboard exports have been more modest, but reached 4.4 million cubic meters for 1993. Exporters were more diverse, led by the USA with 14 percent of the total, followed by New Zealand (8 percent) within Asia Pacific. Italy, Spain, France, Portugal and Germany within Europe (32 percent), were followed by Brazil and Canada. Imports were primarily to the USA, UK, Japan, Germany, China, Canada and the Netherlands.
Global wood pulp trade in 1993 was 29.2 million metric tons. Exports were led by Canada (32 percent) and the USA (20 percent). Sweden, Finland and Portugal led European exports, while Brazil and Chile lead Latin American exporters. New Zealand was the leading Asia Pacific exporter of the Asia Pacific region, with about 2.4 percent of global exports. Imports were primarily to the USA (17 percent), Germany (12 percent) and Japan (11 percent). Other leading importers were in Europe (Italy, France, UK, Belgium). South Korea, Indonesia, and China followed Japan as Asia Pacific importers.
Wood chips and particles have also increased in significance in trade relative to wood-based pulp production. In 1993, total trade was estimated at 31.8 million cubic meters. Japan, as the dominant importer, accounted for 22 million cubic meters imported, or 69.2 percent of the global total. The largest majority of Japan's imports originated in the USA (7.9 million cubic meters, 35.6 percent), Australia (6.3 million cubic meters, 28.5 percent), and Chile (3.6 million cubic meters, 16.5 percent). Japan absorbed almost all exports from these three countries. Germany, the fourth leading exporter at 2.1 million cubic meters traded primarily with Austria, France, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Sweden within the European Community. Canada, the fifth leading exporter (1.6 million cubic meters) shipped almost equally to Japan and the USA. South Africa has emerged as a leading exporter at 1.1 million cubic meters, trading almost exclusively with Japan. Similarly, China and New Zealand with combined exports of 1.7 million cubic meters were largely exporting to Japan. Russian trade was 659 thousand cubic meters, oriented towards Finland (439 thousand cubic meters) with smaller but growing trade with Japan (193 thousand cubic meters in 1993).
Trade in Paper, Paperboard and Newsprint was 48.2 million metric tons in 1993. Finland, Sweden and Germany were leading European exporters, with a total of 16.9 million metric tons (35 percent). Most of this trade was destined for Germany, UK, France and Italy. The USA and Canada exported 10.1 million metric tons (21 percent) primarily to each other (4.4 million metric tons) and to Japan, Hong Kong and China in the Asia Pacific region. France, Austria and the Netherlands were secondary European exporters, primarily within the European Community. Globally, Germany, the USA and UK were leading importers, together accounting for 32 percent of trade. France, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, and Spain were also major European importers. China, Hong Kong, Australia and Japan accounted for 6.5 million metric tons, or 13.5 percent of global trade.
Information compiled by the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) showing the relative mix of imports by tropical and non-tropical categories is summarized in Table 35 for both 1992 and 1993. This table includes those countries that are considered as major importers of tropical timber products from ITTO member countries. In 1993, five importer countries (Brazil, Greece, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand) were reported as importing 100 percent tropical timber, although tropical volumes shown exceed reported "Import All" volumes. Additionally, four countries (Taiwan, Egypt, India and Portugal) had reported import shares of tropical timber above 80 percent. Brazil, Malaysia and the Philippines were reported as exclusive importers of tropical sawnwood, with the Republic of Korea and Thailand showing tropical import shares over 80 percent. Taiwan and India had import shares over 50 percent for tropical sawnwood. Ten countries had tropical import shares for veneer sheets exceeding 50 percent, while 13 countries had tropical plywood shares above this level.
Table 35a. Tropical Proportion of Total Wood Imports by Major ITTO Consumers 1992
|
Country |
Import Tropical |
Import All1 |
Tropical Percentage |
|||||||||
|
Log |
Sawn |
Veil |
Ply |
Log2 |
Sawn |
Ven |
Ply |
Log |
Sawn |
Ven |
Ply |
|
|
Australia |
0 |
145 |
2 |
28 |
7 |
1193 |
13 |
65 |
0.0 |
12.2 |
15.4 |
43.1 |
|
Belgium |
80 |
210 |
16 |
148 |
3138 |
1883 |
29 |
300 |
2.6 |
11.2 |
55.2 |
493 |
|
China |
1976 |
559 |
217 |
1424 |
6442 |
1790 |
- |
2768 |
30.7 |
31.2 |
- |
51.4 |
|
(Taiwan Province)3 |
3961 |
709 |
226 |
741 |
4207 |
1477 |
258 |
778 |
94.2 |
48.0 |
87.6 |
95.2 |
|
France |
880 |
354 |
19 |
193 |
2772 |
1973 |
196 |
423 |
31.8 |
17.9 |
9.7 |
45.6 |
|
Germany |
281 |
353 |
85 |
218 |
2764 |
5593 |
205 |
753 |
10.2 |
6.3 |
41.5 |
29.0 |
|
Italy |
439 |
360 |
69 |
53 |
6134 |
5730 |
107 |
62 |
7.2 |
6.3 |
64.5 |
85.5 |
|
Japan |
10990 |
1248 |
192 |
2882 |
47380 |
9984 |
738 |
3278 |
23.2 |
12.5 |
26.1 |
87.9 |
|
Netherlands |
123 |
578 |
13 |
322 |
964 |
3366 |
34 |
636 |
12.8 |
17.2 |
38.2 |
50.6 |
|
Portugal |
428 |
35 |
1 |
0 |
636 |
222 |
6 |
3 |
67.3 |
15.8 |
16.7 |
0.0 |
|
Rep. of Korea |
3173 |
716 |
17 |
648 |
10135 |
913 |
- |
953 |
31.3 |
78.4 |
- |
68.0 |
|
Spain |
334 |
358 |
1 |
10 |
2224 |
2021 |
23 |
38 |
15.0 |
17.7 |
4.4 |
26.3 |
|
UK |
19 |
547 |
17 |
634 |
351 |
7525 |
76 |
1397 |
5.4 |
7.3 |
22.4 |
45.4 |
|
USA |
4 |
193 |
20 |
1053 |
1503 |
32230 |
720 |
1572 |
0.3 |
0.6 |
2.8 |
67.0 |
Table 35b. Tropical of Total Imports by Major ITTO Importers 1993 (1000 m³)
|
Country |
Import Tropical |
Import All1 |
Tropical Percentage |
|||||||||
|
Log |
Sawn |
Ven |
Ply |
Log2 |
Sawn |
Ven |
Ply |
Log |
Sawn |
Ven |
Ply |
|
|
Australia |
2 |
170 |
11 |
42 |
11 |
1243 |
28 |
67 |
18.2 |
13.7 |
39.3 |
62.7 |
|
Belgium-Lux. |
40 |
155 |
12 |
170 |
2366 |
2025 |
38 |
436 |
1.7 |
7.7 |
31.6 |
39.0 |
|
Brazil |
5 |
110 |
35 |
0 |
1 |
26 |
26 |
5 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
China |
1595 |
703 |
287 |
1371 |
5920 |
2521 |
305 |
2510 |
26.9 |
27.9 |
94.1 |
54.6 |
|
(Taiwan)3 |
2180 |
1052 |
204 |
788 |
2619 |
1852 |
215 |
814 |
83.2 |
56.8 |
94.9 |
96.8 |
|
Egypt |
35 |
16 |
8 |
125 |
37 |
1162 |
8 |
94 |
94.6 |
1.4 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
France |
895 |
360 |
18 |
180 |
2064 |
1949 |
65 |
257 |
43.4 |
18.5 |
27.7 |
70.0 |
|
Germany |
213 |
240 |
77 |
193 |
1649 |
6242 |
182 |
779 |
12.9 |
3.8 |
42.3 |
24.8 |
|
Greece |
117 |
27 |
2 |
2 |
74 |
360 |
13 |
2 |
100.0 |
7.5 |
15.4 |
100.0 |
|
India |
249 |
4 |
1 |
1 |
273 |
8 |
193 |
5 |
91.2 |
50.0 |
0.5 |
20.0 |
|
Italy |
438 |
369 |
58 |
35 |
5383 |
5992 |
115 |
214 |
8.1 |
6.2 |
50.4 |
16.4 |
|
Japan |
8324 |
1805 |
239 |
3864 |
44895 |
10626 |
918 |
4105 |
18.5 |
17.0 |
26.0 |
94.1 |
|
Malaysia |
174 |
152 |
4 |
26 |
17 |
39 |
5 |
11 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
80.0 |
100.0 |
|
Netherlands |
111 |
587 |
13 |
238 |
785 |
3572 |
24 |
523 |
14.1 |
16.4 |
54.2 |
45.5 |
|
Philippines |
569 |
458 |
3 |
2 |
538 |
290 |
5 |
3 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
60.0 |
66.7 |
|
Portugal |
329 |
33 |
1 |
1 |
394 |
165 |
5 |
8 |
83.5 |
20.0 |
20.0 |
12.5 |
|
Rep. of Korea |
2103 |
970 |
26 |
822 |
8528 |
1198 |
51 |
1105 |
24.7 |
81.0 |
51.0 |
74.4 |
|
Spain |
265 |
282 |
10 |
8 |
1229 |
1610 |
26 |
27 |
21.6 |
17.5 |
38.5 |
29.6 |
|
Thailand |
1607 |
1743 |
12 |
12 |
1224 |
1907 |
12 |
24 |
100.0 |
91.4 |
100.0 |
50.0 |
|
UK |
19 |
450 |
18 |
478 |
394 |
6810 |
52 |
946 |
4.8 |
6.6 |
34.6 |
50.5 |
|
USA |
5 |
175 |
15 |
919 |
1809 |
36489 |
582 |
1662 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
2.6 |
55.3 |
1. 'Import All' figures from 1993 FAO Yearbook.2. Industrial roundwood used; no import figures given for saw/veneer logs in 1993 FAO Yearbook.
3. Unofficial figures.
Source: ITTO. 1995. Annual review and assessment of the world tropical timber situation 1995.
Tropical timber trade for 1993 is summarized by major importers and tropical timber type covering tropical logs (Table 36), sawnwood (Table 37), veneer (Table 38) and plywood (Table 39). Subtotals are indicated for European importers, while national totals are given for Australia, Japan, Singapore and the USA. Country import details by product and country of origin are given in Appendix 22 for the countries shown with the exception of the USA.
Major European importers accounted for 1.4 million cubic meters of tropical log imports in 1993, or 14.9 percent (Table 36). Japan imported 8 million cubic meters, or 84.6 percent of the total. Over 56 percent of European imports were the Okoume Group species, while for Japan the Red Meranti, White Lauan and Keruing group species were predominant. European imports of tropical sawnwood, at almost 2.1 million cubic meters, accounted for 51 percent by volume of all imports, while Japan and Singapore together accounted for 1.8 million cubic meters (45.7 percent) (Table 37). Europe accounted for the greatest share of tropical veneers (458 thousand cubic meters, 64.5 percent) with Japan received over 202 thousand cubic meters (28.5 percent) (Table 38). For Tropical Plywood (Table 39), European imports were 3.2 million cubic meters, or 43.7 percent with Japan accounting for over 3.3 million cubic meters (45.9 percent).
Reference to the country import summaries in Appendix 22 for the nine major tropical wood importers clearly indicates the dominant role of Indonesia and Malaysia in terms of volume trade. For the six major European importers (Belgium-Luxembourg, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, UK), Asia Pacific exporters provided an almost-insignificant share of tropical logs, ranging from 0.1 percent for France to 1.9 percent for the UK. Market shares were more variable for tropical veneer sheets, and ranged from only 0.7 percent for Belgium-Luxembourg to 23 percent for the UK. Indonesia was, however, the leading source of Asia Pacific veneer exports to France, Germany and Italy, while Malaysia was the leading supplier from Asia to the Netherlands and the UK.
Asia Pacific was of considerably greater significance to Europe's major importers for both tropical sawnwood and tropical plywood. For sawnwood, Asia Pacific share varied from a low of 28.1 percent for Italy and 29.5 percent for France to highs of 75.6 percent for the Netherlands, 72.5 percent for Germany, and 66.8 percent for Belgium-Luxembourg. Malaysia was the leading supplier to all the major European importers with the exception of Italy, where Indonesia was the top supplier, followed by Malaysia.
The situation with European plywood imports was equally dependent on Asia Pacific, where the import share from Asia ranged from a low of 35.5 percent for Italy to 80.2 percent for Germany, 70.3 percent for the UK, and 65 percent for both Belgium-Luxembourg and France. The Netherlands imported 57.2 percent of tropical plywood from Asia Pacific. In all cases, Indonesia was the dominant supplier, with Malaysia providing important but smaller shares in the Netherlands and the UK.
Table 36. Major importers of tropical logs
|
1993 |
IMPORTS OF TROPICAL LOGS BY MAJOR CONSUMING COUNTRIES |
|||||||||||
|
TROPICAL LOGS |
OF WHICH CODED AS TROPICAL |
|||||||||||
|
TOTAL |
RED MERANTI GROUP |
WHITE LAUAN GROUP |
KERUING GROUP |
OKOUME GROUP |
TIAMA GROUP |
|||||||
|
VOLUME 1000 CUM |
VALUE MILL. US$ |
VOLUME 1000 CUM |
VALUE MILL. US$ |
VOLUME 1000 CUM |
VALUE MILL. US$ |
VOLUME 1000 CUM |
VALUE MILL. US$ |
VOLUME 1000 CUM |
VALUE MILL. US$ |
VOLUME 1000 CUM |
VALUE MILL. US$ |
|
|
BELGIUM-LUX |
36.6 |
15.40 |
3.3 |
2.20 |
0.0 |
0.03 |
2.0 |
0.87 |
8.9 |
3.54 |
11.6 |
3.78 |
|
FRANCE |
713.1 |
169.40 |
0.6 |
0.24 |
. |
0.01 |
2.4 |
0.87 |
454.1 |
104.70 |
24.4 |
5.45 |
|
GERMANY FR |
164.1 |
46.21 |
0.6 |
0.35 |
0.1 |
0.05 |
1.5 |
1.68 |
130.9 |
35.38 |
30.9 |
8.76 |
|
ITALY |
373.1 |
103.56 |
2.3 |
0.29 |
0.1 |
0.02 |
1.7 |
1.49 |
156.8 |
43.87 |
81.2 |
20.40 |
|
NETHERLANDS |
106.5 |
25.10 |
5.8 |
2.19 |
0.1 |
0.02 |
0.9 |
0.92 |
29.7 |
7.38 |
63.0 |
12.68 |
|
UK |
15.9 |
5.76 |
0.0 |
0.02 |
. |
. |
0.2 |
0.17 |
15.0 |
5.40 |
0.5 |
0.10 |
|
- EUROPE TOTAL |
1409.3 |
365.43 |
12.6 |
5.29 |
0.3 |
0.12 |
8.8 |
6.01 |
795.4 |
200.26 |
211.8 |
51.17 |
|
AUSTRALIA |
0.6 |
0.14 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
JAPAN |
8010.9 |
2278.63 |
1905.7 |
601.84 |
1092.7 |
354.62 |
1435.3 |
418.81 |
346.1 |
95.72 |
6.6 |
1.51 |
|
SINGAPORE |
47.1 |
12.63 |
0.1 |
0.01 |
0.1 |
0.05 |
19.3 |
7.70 |
2.2 |
0.74 |
. |
. |
|
USA |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
- TOTAL ALL |
9467.9 |
2656.83 |
1918.4 |
607.14 |
1093.1 |
354.79 |
1463.4 |
432.52 |
1143.7 |
296.73 |
218.4 |
52.68 |
ITTO, Trade in Tropical Timber, 1993
Table 37. Major importers of tropical sawnwood
|
1993 |
IMPORTS OF TROPICAL SAWNWOOD BY MAJOR CONSUMING COUNTRIES |
|||||||
|
TROPICAL SAWNWOOD (INCL. SLEEPERS SHAPEDWOOD) |
OF WHICH CODED AS TROPICAL |
|||||||
|
TOTAL |
D.R. MERANTI GROUP |
OKOUME GROUP |
BABOEN GROUP |
|||||
|
VOLUME |
VALUE |
VOLUME |
VALUE |
VOLUME |
VALUE |
VOLUME |
VALUE |
|
|
1000 |
MILL. |
1000 |
MILL. |
1000 |
MILL. |
1000 |
MILL. |
|
|
CUM |
US$ |
CUM |
US$ |
CUM |
US$ |
CUM |
US$ |
|
|
BELGIUM-LUX |
206.3 |
107.75 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
FRANCE |
258.1 |
129.10 |
. |
. |
54.3 |
23.61 |
. |
. |
|
GERMANY FR |
220.9 |
137.67 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
ITALY |
476.7 |
287.47 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
NETHERLANDS |
586.1 |
333.62 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
UK |
307.0 |
185.85 |
131.3 |
77.95 |
53.9 |
26.27 |
. |
. |
|
- EUROPE TOTAL |
2055.1 |
1181.47 |
131.3 |
77.95 |
108.2 |
49.88 |
0.0 |
0.00 |
|
AUSTRALIA |
130.1 |
109.28 |
100.0 |
57.56 |
0.2 |
0.06 |
1.9 |
1.11 |
|
JAPAN |
1060.6 |
645.09 |
366.2 |
224.16 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
SINGAPORE |
778.6 |
166.23 |
315.0 |
71.03 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
USA |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
- TOTAL ALL |
4024.4 |
2102.07 |
912.5 |
430.70 |
108.4 |
49.94 |
1.9 |
1.11 |
ITTO, Trade in Tropical Timber, 1993
Table 38. Major importers of tropical veneer
|
1993 |
IMPORTS OF VENEER BY MAJOR CONSUMING COUNTRIES |
|||||
|
VENEER |
TOTAL |
TROPICAL |
VENEER |
OF WHICH CODED AS TROPICAL |
||
|
VOLUME 1000 CUM |
VALUE MILL. US$ |
VOLUME 1000 CUM |
VALUE MILL. US$ |
VOLUME 1000 CUM |
VALUE MILL. US$ |
|
|
BELGIUM-LUX |
27.3 |
30.14 |
13.8 |
9.60 |
5.6 |
4.29 |
|
FRANCE |
68.1 |
51.65 |
17.5 |
15.29 |
9.3 |
8.26 |
|
GERMANY FR |
190.4 |
252.08 |
21.2 |
20.34 |
21.0 |
19.14 |
|
ITALY |
115.1 |
130.02 |
39.3 |
40.50 |
15.0 |
15.15 |
|
NETHERLANDS |
32.1 |
26.65 |
12.5 |
7.74 |
11.4 |
6.82 |
|
UK |
24.7 |
34.67 |
7.4 |
9.43 |
5.0 |
6.29 |
|
- EUROPE TOTAL |
457.6 |
525.21 |
111.8 |
102.91 |
67.4 |
59.95 |
|
AUSTRALIA |
18.5 |
15.47 |
12.5 |
8.83 |
2.3 |
1.71 |
|
JAPAN |
202.1 |
182.26 |
150.3 |
117.05 |
115.6 |
79.55 |
|
SINGAPORE |
31.0 |
15.97 |
19.0 |
6.15 |
7.9 |
2.28 |
|
USA |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
- TOTAL ALL |
709.1 |
738.90 |
293.7 |
234.94 |
193.3 |
143.49 |
ITTO, Trade in Tropical Timber, 1993
Table 39. Major importers of tropical plywood
|
1993 |
IMPORTS OF PLYWOOD BY MAJOR CONSUMING COUNTRIES |
|||||
|
PLYWOOD |
TOTAL |
TROPICAL |
PLYWOOD |
OF WHICH CODED AS TROPICAL |
||
|
VOLUME 1000 CUM |
VALUE MILL. US$ |
VOLUME 1000 CUM |
VALUE MILL. US$ |
VOLUME 1000 CUM |
VALUE MILL. US$ |
|
|
BELGIUM-LUX |
241.9 |
121.44 |
187.7 |
91.74 |
118.9 |
60.05 |
|
FRANCE |
326.8 |
153.50 |
180.1 |
75.55 |
150.1 |
62.69 |
|
GERMANY FR |
862.4 |
485.92 |
214.3 |
115.75 |
95.0 |
53.10 |
|
ITALY |
233.4 |
107.07 |
47.3 |
26.70 |
15.5 |
10.76 |
|
NETHERLANDS |
601.7 |
294.34 |
261.0 |
144.28 |
218.2 |
122.25 |
|
UK |
911.2 |
417.36 |
407.5 |
216.72 |
220.2 |
118.36 |
|
- EUROPE TOTAL |
3177.4 |
1579.63 |
1297.9 |
670.76 |
817.9 |
427.20 |
|
AUSTRALIA |
72.1 |
33.29 |
44.6 |
22.66 |
20.6 |
11.08 |
|
JAPAN |
3337.3 |
1605.47 |
3130.5 |
1521.96 |
2993.2 |
1456.29 |
|
SINGAPORE |
687.3 |
212.98 |
678.6 |
208.82 |
184.2 |
49.42 |
|
USA |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
|
- TOTAL ALL |
7274.1 |
3431.36 |
5151.6 |
2424.20 |
4015.8 |
1943.99 |
ITTO, Trade in Tropical Timber, 1993
Although strong in the European markets for tropical sawnwood and plywood, Asia Pacific producers totally dominated the major Asian markets of Australia, Japan and Singapore. Asia Pacific countries supplied the total import of tropical logs for Australia, 94.7 percent for Singapore, and 93.7 percent for Japan with Malaysia the dominant supplier, although Papua New Guinea was also important to Japan's import supply. Equally large shares of tropical sawnwood originated in the Asia Pacific region, falling between 97 and 98 percent for Australia, Japan and Singapore. Malaysia was the predominant supplier in each case. Although slightly less significant, Asia Pacific was the major supplier of tropical veneer sheets to these three markets, ranging from 84 percent for Australia to 98.7 percent for Japan and 99.5 percent for Singapore. In each case, Malaysia was the dominant supplier.
Asia Pacific trade in tropical plywood was almost complete, with 98.5 percent share in Singapore and over 99.5 percent for Japan and Australia. Indonesia dominated this trade, with Malaysia playing a much smaller secondary role with the exception of Singapore, where it was the leading supplier. Country by country trade flows for tropical products (logs, sawnwood, veneer, and plywood) for major Asia Pacific (plus US) and European importers as estimated by ITTO using FAO and member country data is provided in Appendix 23. Comparisons between FAO sources and importer/exporter data is provided in these tables, where ITTO member country data is shown separately in Italics. Significant differences appear for selected products/country flows, indicating that overall trade links need to be used with some caution. Nevertheless, the general patterns of trade are clearly evident in the above discussion and the detailed information contained in Appendices
