Sheep and goats (Tables 11 and 12). Data were available from trials in Australia, South Africa, Italy and the UK, although information on national GAP was available only for Australia and the UK. Residues in sheep tissues and in sheep and goat milk are shown in Tables 11 and 12 respectively.
Table 11. Residues of flumethrin in sheep tissues from supervised trials with one application of pour-on or dip formulations. flumethrin
1 Unspecified except in UK
2 Numbers in parentheses following the residues are the numbers of samples with those values.
3 The report only states that applications were dermal. It was a pour-on formulation as indicated.
4 Positive samples were re-analysed (the analyses separated by/).
5 Numbers correspond to tab numbers in 1996 Bayer submission. Vol. IV:58. Hopkins and Gyr, 1986; 59. Lindsay, 1983c. 60. Nieuwenhuis, 1990. 61. Redgrave, 1992.
Table 12. Residues of flumethrin in sheep and goat milk from supervised trials with 1 application of pour-on or spray formulation.
1 Numbers in parentheses following the residues are the numbers of samples with those values.
2 A different group of 3 animals was used for the 18 hour samples.
3 Numbers correspond to tab numbers in 1996 Bayer submission, Vols. Ill & IV:111,21. Palermo, 1987 IV,56. Griffin, 1984 IV,57. Griffin, 1986
Residues in honey and beeswax
Eleven supervised trials have been conducted in Germany, Switzerland and the UK with flumethrin used for mite control in honey-bee colonies by means of impregnated strips (0.5 mg flumethrin per cm3, equivalent to 3.6 mg/strip, 4 strips/frame of 8-10 combs). Several seasonal periods were represented. The residues found in honey and beeswax are shown in Tables 13 and 14 respectively.
Table 13. Residues of flumethrin in honey from bee colonies treated with 4 strips/frame at 3.6 mg flumethrin/strip according to UK GAP.
|
Country/year |
No. Colonies/No. Samples |
Treatment |
Time of sample collection |
Residues, mg/kg |
Ref.3 |
||
|
Duration (weeks) |
Period |
||||||
|
Germany 1987-88 |
6/31 |
6 |
early Sept. to mid-Oct. (pre-winter storage period) |
June 1988 (after early nectar flow) |
nd (<0.002) (3)2 |
49 |
|
|
Germany 1987-88 |
6/6 |
18 |
late Oct. 1987 to mid-March 1988 |
June 1988 (after early nectar flow) |
nd (0.002) (6) |
50 |
|
|
Germany 1986 |
7/15 |
not given |
early May (1985?)to mid- April 1986 |
not given |
nd (0.002) (15) |
51 |
|
|
Germany 1988 |
4/4 |
20 |
May to Sept. 1988 (during nectar flow) |
August 1988 (last wk.) |
nd (0.002) (4) |
52 |
|
|
Germany (Lindlar) 1992-93 |
24/1 |
23 |
Oct. 12, 1992 to March 8, 1993 |
June 15, 1993 |
nd (0.001) |
47 |
|
|
Germany (Leverkusen) 1991-92 |
12/4 |
56 |
early Sept. 1991 to mid-Oct. 1992 |
1993 (end fruit at dandelion flowering) |
nd (0.001) (4) |
47 |
|
|
UK |
not given/l |
not given |
not given |
1993 (spring) |
nd (<0.001) |
48 |
|
1 Three 2-colony samples
2 Numbers in parentheses following the residues are the numbers of samples with those values
3 Numbers correspond to tab numbers in 1996 Bayer submission, Vol. IV:47. Krebber, 1994f; 48. Krebber, 1994g; 49. Krieger and Riegner, 1990a; 50. Krieger and Riegner, 1990b; 51. Krieger and Riegner, 1990c; 52. Krieger and Riegner, 1990d.
Table 14. Residues of flumethrin in beeswax from bee colonies treated with 4 strips/frame at 3.6 mg flumethrin/strip1
|
Country, year |
No. Colonies/No. Samples |
Treatment |
Time of sample collection |
Residues, mg/kg1 |
Ref.3 |
|
|
Duration (weeks) |
Period |
|||||
|
Germany 1986 |
2/4 |
6 |
early March to mid-April 1986 (before nectar flow) |
April 1986 |
0.015, 0.017, 0.015, 0.04 |
53 |
|
Germany 1987 |
6/3 |
6 |
early Sept. to mid-Oct. 1987 |
June 1988 (after early nectar flow) |
0.02, 0,04, 0.05 |
54 |
|
Germany 1988 |
4/4 |
20 |
May to Sept. 1988 |
Sept. 1988 |
0.03, 0.1 (2), 0.13 |
55 |
|
Switzerland |
not given/13 (3 regions) |
not given |
not given |
1993 |
<0.03 (4), 0.03 (2), 0.04, 0.05(2), 0.06, 0.07(2), 0.2 |
45 |
|
Germany 1991 |
4/4 |
4 |
June 28 to July 23, 1991 |
August 1991 |
0.07, 0.1 (2), 0.152 |
46 |
1 Numbers in parentheses following the residues are the numbers of samples with those values.
2 The treatment for these samples was with 40 strips/hive: 10 times the recommended rate.
3 Numbers correspond to tab numbers in 1996 Bayer submission. Vol. IV:45. Krebber, 1994d; 46 Krebber, 1994e; 53. Krieger and Riegner, 1990e; 54. Krieger and Riegner, 1990f; 55. Krieger and Riegner, 1990g.
