Pecans. Eight field trials on pecans were conducted in geographically representative States in the USA (Cui and Desai, 1995). Four of them were at the proposed GAP rate, but six applications were made in all the trials whereas five are proposed. The plot sizes ranged from 2.32 ha to 13.17 ha with 4 to 12 trees per plot. Pecan kernels were analysed for tebufenozide by the method described by Cui and Desai (1994).
As shown in Table 36, the residues of tebufenozide were below the LOD of 0.01 mg/kg in all the trials, and below the limit of detection of 0.003 mg/kg in most of them.
Table 36. Residues of tebufenozide in pecan kernels, USA, 1993 (Cui and Desai, 1995).
|
State |
Form. |
Application |
PHI, days |
Residue, mg/kg |
||
|
No. |
kg ai/ha |
kg ai/hl |
||||
|
TX |
SC |
6 |
0.140 |
0.017 |
0 |
ND |
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
ND |
|
|
|
|
|
|
28 |
ND |
|
TX |
SC |
6 |
0.280 |
0.035 |
0 |
<0.01 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
ND |
|
|
|
|
|
|
28 |
ND |
|
NM |
SC |
6 |
0.140 |
0.015 |
0 |
ND |
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
ND |
|
|
|
|
|
|
28 |
ND |
|
NM |
SC |
6 |
0.280 |
0.303 |
0 |
ND |
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
ND |
|
|
|
|
|
|
28 |
<0.01 |
|
AL |
SC |
6 |
0.140 |
0.009-0.015 |
0 |
ND |
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
ND |
|
|
|
|
|
|
28 |
ND |
|
AL |
SC |
6 |
0.280 |
0.019-0.031 |
0 |
<0.01 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
ND |
|
|
|
|
|
|
28 |
ND |
|
GA |
SC |
6 |
0.140 |
0.016 |
0 |
ND |
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
ND |
|
|
|
|
|
|
28 |
ND |
|
GA |
SC |
6 |
0.280 |
0.033 |
0 |
ND |
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
ND |
|
|
|
|
|
|
28 |
ND |
ND < limit of detection (0.003 mg/kg)
Walnuts. In six field trials on walnuts according to GAP at five sites in the USA in 1992 (Cui et al. 1993c) four applications were made to plots of 1.64-5.95 ha with four trees per plot at monthly intervals. Nut-meat samples were analysed for tebufenozide by the analytical method of Cui et al. (1993a) with an LOD of 0.01 mg/kg.
Two field trials in 1994 in the USA were each with both 2SC and 70WP formulations (Dong, 1995a). Four ground applications were made by airblast at the GAP rate of 0.28 kg ai/ha. The plot sizes ranged from 4.46 to 6.83 ha with 6 trees per plot. The LOD was 0.01 mg/kg and the limit of detection 0.003 mg/kg.
Two field trials were conducted in France in 1993 and 1994 (Benzekri, 1995), the 1993 trial with five applications from June to August at various intervals and the 1994 trial with four applications at 3-week intervals.
The residues of tebufenozide in walnut kernels from applications according to GAP ranged from undetectable (0.003 mg/kg) to 0.02 mg/kg.
Table 37. Residues of tebufenozide in walnut kernels. Underlined residues are from treatments according to GAP.
|
Country (state), year |
Form. |
Application |
PHI, days |
Residue, mg/kg |
Reference/Comments |
||
|
No. |
kg ai/ha |
kg ai/hl |
|||||
|
USA (CA) |
SC |
4 |
0,280 |
0.014 |
30 |
<0,01 |
Cui, 1993b |
|
1992 |
|
|
|
|
43 |
ND |
Limit of detection 0.003 mg/kg |
|
USA (CA) |
SC |
4 |
0.560 |
0.029 |
30 |
0.02 |
Cui, 1993b |
|
1992 |
|
|
|
|
43 |
ND |
|
|
USA (CA) |
SC |
4 |
0.235-0.280 |
0.013-0.017 |
30 |
<0.01 |
Cui, 1993b |
|
1992 |
|
|
|
|
43 |
0.01 |
|
|
USA (CA) |
SC |
4 |
0.560 |
0.031-0.034 |
30 |
0.02 |
Cui, 1993b |
|
1992 |
|
|
|
|
43 |
ND |
|
|
USA (OR) |
SC |
4 |
0.280 |
0.015 |
29 |
ND |
Cui, 1993b |
|
1992 |
|
|
|
|
41 |
ND |
|
|
USA (OR) |
SC |
4 |
0.560 |
0.030 |
29 |
ND |
Cui, 1993b |
|
1992 |
|
|
|
|
41 |
ND |
|
|
USA (OR) |
SC |
4 |
0.280 |
0.015 |
29 |
0.02 |
Cui, 1993b |
|
1992 |
|
|
|
|
41 |
ND |
|
|
USA (OR) |
SC |
4 |
0.560 |
0.030 |
29 |
0.05 |
Cui, 1993b |
|
1992 |
|
|
|
|
41 |
<0.01 |
|
|
USA (CA) |
SC |
4 |
0.280 |
0.010-0.029 |
30 |
ND |
Cui, 1993b |
|
1992 |
|
|
|
|
44 |
<0.01 |
|
|
USA (CA) |
SC |
4 |
0.560 |
0.020-0.058 |
30 |
0.01 |
Cui, 1993b |
|
1992 |
|
|
|
|
44 |
<0.01 |
|
|
USA (CA) |
SC |
4 |
0.280 |
0.010-0.029 |
30 |
0.02 |
Cui, 1993b |
|
1992 |
|
|
|
|
45 |
0.01 |
|
|
USA (CA) |
SC |
4 |
0.560 |
0.020-0.058 |
30 |
0.03 |
Cui, 1993b |
|
1992 |
|
|
|
|
45 |
<0.01 |
|
|
USA (CA) 1994 |
SC |
4 |
0.280 |
0.015 |
6 |
ND |
Dong, 1995a. |
|
USA (CA) 1994 |
WP |
4 |
0.280 |
0.015 |
6 |
<0.01 |
Dong, 1995a. |
|
USA (CA) 1994 |
SC |
4 |
0.280 |
0.027 |
30 |
ND |
Dong, 1995a. |
|
USA (CA) 1994 |
WP |
4 |
0.280 |
0.030 |
30 |
ND |
Dong, 1995a. |
|
France |
SC |
5 |
0.144 |
0.029 |
31 |
ND |
Benzekri, 1995 |
|
1993 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Limit of detection 0.003 mg/kg |
|
France 1994 |
SC |
4 |
0.144 |
0.029 |
33 |
ND |
Benzekri, 1995 |
ND < Limit of detection; 0.003 mg/kg
Tea. Summaries of two field trials, one of them according to GAP, conducted in Sri Lanka in 1994 were reported (Ishii, 1995b). Critical data such as plot size and type of application were not provided. The analyses were carried out in Japan. The residue in the trial which complied with GAP was 14.6 mg/kg.
Two trials were conducted according to GAP at different locations in Japan in 1993 (Komatsu and Yabusaki, 1993). Samples were analysed for the parent compound, RH-6595 and RH-1788 by GLC.
Residues of the parent compound at the GAP PHI were 11.5 and 11.6 mg/kg. The corresponding levels of RH-1788 + 6595 were 0.23 and 0.24 mg/kg.
The residues found in dry and brewed tea from the trials in Sri Lanka and Japan are shown in Table 38.
Table 38. Residues of tebufenozide in dry and brewed tea from SC applications. Underlined residues are from treatments according to GAP.
|
Country Year |
Application |
PHI, days |
Residue, mg/kg |
Reference |
||
|
No. |
kg ai/ha |
|||||
|
Dry tea |
Brewed tea |
|||||
|
Sri Lanka |
1 |
0.15 |
0 |
93.2 |
22.6 |
Ishii, 1995b |
|
1994 |
|
|
4 |
22.3 |
4.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
14.6 |
2.66 |
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
3.9 |
0.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
21 |
0.49 |
0.08 |
|
|
|
|
|
28 |
0.13 |
0.02 |
|
|
Sri Lanka |
1 |
0.30 |
0 |
87.2 |
22.0 |
Ishii, 1995b |
|
1994 |
|
|
4 |
22.0 |
4.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
16.0 |
3.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
4.3 |
0.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
21 |
0.6 |
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
28 |
0.2 |
0.03 |
|
|
Japan |
2 |
0.40 |
14 |
11.5 |
3.5 |
Komatsu, 1993 |
|
1993 |
2 |
0.40 |
21 |
6.2 |
0.9 |
|
|
|
2 |
0.40 |
30 |
2.4 |
0.3 |
|
|
|
2 |
0.40 |
14 |
11.6 |
1.4 |
|
|
|
2 |
0.40 |
21 |
2.0 |
0.2 |
|
|
|
2 |
0.40 |
30 |
0.2 |
0.01 |
|
