ANNEX 3. GLOSSARY

Agroforestry	Land use system in which trees and shrubs are used on the same land as agricultural crops or livestock in some form of spatial arrangement or temporal sequence.
Arboriculture	The planting and care of trees, with a focus on small grouping of woody plants.
City proper	The single political jurisdiction that contains the historical city centre.
Community	A group of people, with a sense of belonging together, and shared interests and similar values. In the context of urban low-income settlements, people who reside in a geographically defined area, identify themselves with that area, and share an interest in its betterment form a community. Face-to-face contact is another feature of such communities.
Deforestation	The clearing of the forest for other land uses: agriculture, grazing, new settlements, infrastructure, etc.
Desertification	Land degradation in dry climates.
Environmental suitability	In the case of urban forestry this means that outside factors do not interfere with biological and ecological processes of an urban forest or reduce the benefits provided by the area.
Greenbelt	Large parcels of land in and around cities where urban development is totally prohibited through zoning, or public ownership, easement, or development restriction.
Greenhouse effect	The warming of the earth surface due to pollutants that form an insulating layer that creates a heating effect similar to being inside a greenhouse.
Greenway	Narrow vegetated corridors that can have multipurpose uses and functions; they are also called linear parks.
Heat island effect	The tendency for cities to be warmer than the surrounding areas due to automobiles, factories, pavements, and people.
Human settlement	Place where human activities take place.
Informal settlement	Migrant community where the residents settle without title to their land. They are in most cases planned, but unauthorized.
Landfill	The controlled disposal of waste material to land; differentiated from waste dumping in which no control is exercised.
Metropolitan area	The set of formal local government areas which are normally taken to comprise the city as a whole and its primary commuter areas.
Natural resources	They include vegetation, soil, air, water, and wildlife.
Open Space	Land in its natural state or altered for natural resources-based uses (farming, parks. etc.).
Protected areas:	Natural or reconstructed habitats that receive some level of ecological protection with the aim to preserve their ecological or biological functions.
Riparian reforestation	Riverside tree planting.
Suburban	Area of mostly - residential urban sprawl on the perimeter of urban centres, also referred as peri-urban.
Urban area	The built-up or densely populated area containing the city proper; suburbs, and continuously settled commuter areas; definitions of urban areas vary by countries.
Urban forest	All trees and other vegetation in and around dense human settlements.
Urban forestry	The broadest definitions regard urban forests as the entire area influenced and/or utilized by the urban population. For the purpose of this study urban forestry is defined as the planning and managing of trees, forests and related vegetation to create or add value to the local community in an urban area.
Urban green	see urban vegetation
Urban greening	A comprehensive term comprising all urban vegetation management (green spaces or urban vegetated areas) including farming and forestry.
Urban vegetation	Trees, shrubs and ground cover in an urban area.