The action plan is a set of instructions covering most aspects of the controls to be implemented during rinderpest emergency, from first suspicion of the disease to final eradication. In addition, countries should prepare detailed standard operating procedures which apply to rinderpest as well as other epidemic diseases. Enterprise manuals containing zoosanitary codes of practice in high-risk enterprises such as meat and dairy processing plants should also be available. Meanwhile, countries may wish to consult the AUSVETPLAN manuals on:
The investigation phase is said to exist when a report with low probability of rinderpest is received by the veterinary services.
It should be a legal obligation of any citizen suspecting the presence of rinderpest to report that suspicion to a member of the veterinary or animal health services. In practice, a suspicious index case is most likely to be reported to the FVO by:
Field Veterinary Officer (FVO). On receipt of such information, the FVO should immediately carry out investigations and collect such neccessary information as the location of index case(s) and clinical and epidemiological features. The FVO should also:
Provincial Veterinary Officer (PVO). On receipt of information from the FVO, the PVO should:
Chief Veterinary Officer (CVO). Based on the results of investigation, the CVO should instruct the PVO to declare either a false alarm and winding-down of operations or a progression to the alert phase.
If clinical and epidemiological results are highly indicative of rinderpest, officers should carry out the following duties.
Chief Veterinary Officer:
Provincial Veterinary Officer:
Field Veterinary Officer:
Rinderpest expert team (RET). Following adequate briefing by the FVO, the RET should:
The epidemiological report from a primary outbreak by the RET should describe:
On the basis of these findings, the head of the team should advise the local or national disease control centre on:
The operational phase is initiated when rinderpest has been confirmed and the CVO declares, through the national animal disease control centre, that a rinderpest emergency exists in the country. This information should then be sent by the CVO to global authorities, such as OIE and FAO-EMPRES, and relevant regional rinderpest control organizations, such as OAU/IBAR.
Various teams in the local animal disease control centre(s) would be expected to go into operation as listed below.
Option one: stamping out
Where the national policy on rinderpest control is stamping out by slaughter, the following activities would be carried out.
Infected premises team. This team can be divided into subunits charged with various aspects of slaughter, disposal, decontamination, quarantine and movement restrictions. The team should:
Disease surveillance team. This team should:
Stores and administration. This unit will be responsible for:
Public relations office. A public relations team will be expected to:
Option two: modified stamping out with ring vaccination
If the national policy on rinderpest control is modified stamping out and vaccination, the units should be deployed as follows.
Infected premises team. This team would be charged with slaughter of affected animals, disposal of carcasses, decontamination of affected premises, quarantine and movement restrictions in the infected zone, as detailed above under option one.
Vaccination team. This team should:
Disease surveillance team. This team will be expected to carry out active disease surveillance in the surveillance zone, involving weekly visits to examine animals in the zone for clinical disease and to collect samples for serosurveillance.
Stores and administration. The activities to be carried out by this team are defined above in option one.
Public relations. The functions to be carried out are as described above in option one.
Option three: quarantine and ring vaccination
Infected premises team. This team will be expected to carry out proper disposal of carcasses of animals that have died of the disease, and decontamination in the infected zone.
Vaccination team. This team will be expected to carry out immediate perifocal vaccination in the infected zone and mark vaccinated animals permanently.
Disease surveillance team. This team will be expected to carry out repeated active disease search and serosurveillance in both the infected zone and the surveillance zone.
This phase may exist when rinderpest is not confirmed as well as when the disease is confirmed. When investigations carried out during the alert phase fail to confirm the disease, the CVO will instruct the PVO and FVO to notify all organizations and persons previously informed of suspected rinderpest occurrence and possible emergency that the situation has ceased to exist.
If rinderpest is confirmed, the stand-down phase begins as soon as all necessary operations for containment, control and elimination are completed to the satisfaction of the CVO, as head of the national animal disease control centre. Winding-down operations should not be delayed and must be systematic, gradual and supervised by the head of the local animal disease control centre.
FAO ANIMAL HEALTH MANUALS
Availability: October 1999
The FAO Animal Health Manuals are available through FAO Sales Agents or directly from the Sales and Marketing Group, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy; fax (+39) 06 5705 3360; e-mail: [email protected]
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