Appendix 1

Relevant International Conventions and Agreements

UNITED NATIONS

1. Convention on the Continental Shelf, 1958 (in force). Purpose: To define and delimit the rights of States to explore and exploit the natural resources of the continental shelf.

2. Convention on Fishing and Conservation of the Living Resources of the high Seas, 1958 (in force). Purpose: Through international co-operation, to solve the problems involved in the conservation of the living resources of the high seas, considering that through the development of modern techniques some of these resources are in danger of being over-exploited.

3. Convention on the High Seas, 1958 (in force). Purpose: To codify the rules of international law relating to the high seas.

4. United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea, 1982 (in force). Purpose: To set up a comprehensive new legal regime for the sea and oceans and, as far as environmental provisions are concerned; to establish material rules concerning environmental standards as well as enforcement provisions dealing with pollution of the marine environment.

5. United Nations Convention on Conditions for Registration of Ships, 1977 (UNCTAD) (not in force). Purpose: For the purpose of ensuring or, as the case may be, strengthening the genuine link between a State and ship's flying its flag, and in order to exercise effectively its jurisdiction and control over such ships with regard to identification and accountability of shipowners and operators as well as with regard to administrative, technical, economic and social matters, a flag State shall apply the provisions contained in this convention.

6. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, 1987 (UNEP) (in force). Purpose: To protect the ozone layer by taking precautionary measures to control equitably total global emissions of substances that deplete it, with the ultimate objective of their elimination on the basis of developments in scientific knowledge, taking into account technical and economic considerations.

7. International Convention on Maritime Liens and Mortgages, 1993 (IMO/UNCTAD) (not in force). Purpose: To improve conditions for the financing of ships and the development of national fleets.

INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANISATION

8. International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974, its Amendments and Protocols (in force). Purpose: To promote safety at sea by establishing a common agreement, uniform principles and rules. The first version was brought out in 1914 the second entered into force in 1933 and the third in 1952. The fourth version of SOLAS entered into force in 1965 and the current SOLAS was adopted in 1974. The various reflect changes in the various chapters of SOLAS.

9. International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979 (in force). Purpose: To establish an international maritime search and rescue (SAR) plan covering the needs for ship reporting systems, SAR services and the rescue of person in distress at sea.

10. Convention on International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 (in force). Purpose: To establish principles and rules concerning lights and shapes to be displayed by ships.

11. International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978 (in force). Purpose: To promote safety of life and property at sea and the protection of the marine environment by establishing in common agreement international standards of training, certification and watchkeeping for seafarers.

12. International Convention on Load Lines, 1966 and the Protocol of 1988 (in force). Purpose: To establish uniform principles and rules with respect to the limits to which ships on international voyages may be loaded having regard to the need for safeguarding life and property at sea.

13. International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969 (in force). Purpose: To establish uniform principles and rules with respect to the tonnage of ships engaged on international voyages.

14. International Convention on Salvage, 1989 (in force). Purpose: To establish uniform rules regarding salvage operations.

15. Convention on Limitation of Liability for Marine Claims, 1976 (in force). Purpose: To establish uniform rules related to the limitation of liability for marine claims including claims subject to limitation and claims excepted from limitation.

16. Convention on Facilitation of International Marine Traffic (FAL), 1965 (in force). Purpose: To facilitate maritime transport by simplifying and minimising the formalities, documentary requirements and procedures associated with the arrival, stay and departure of ships engaged in international voyages.

17. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil (as amended in April 1962 and October 1969) (in force). Purpose: To take action to prevent pollution of the sea by oil discharged from ships.

18. Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and other Matter (in force). Purpose: To control pollution of the sea by dumping, and to encourage regional agreements supplementary to the Convention.

19. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships 1973 (in force). Purpose: To preserve the marine environment by achieving the complete elimination of pollution by oil and other harmful substances and the minimisation of accidental discharge of such substances.

20. Protocol Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Marine Pollution by Substances other than Oil (in force). Purpose: To enable States to take action on the high seas in cases of maritime casualties resulting in grave and imminent danger of pollution to their coastline or related interests by substances other than oil.

21. Torremolinos International Convention on the Safety of Fishing Vessels, 1977 (not in force) and its Protocol, 1993 (not in force). Purpose: To provide uniform principles and rules concerning construction, equipment, stability, radio communications and other safety aspects of fishing vessels.

22. Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, 1988 (in force). Purpose: To improve security and reduce the risk to passengers and crews on board ships.

INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION

23. Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organisation Convention, 1946 (No.87) and associated Conventions No.98 and No.135. Purpose: To establish the principle of freedom of association for all workers and the right to organise and to promote voluntary collective bargaining between them.

24. Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No.29). Purpose: To establish the principle that the use of forced or compulsory labour in all its forms should be brought to an end.

25. Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957, (No.105). Purpose: To prohibit the use of any form of forced or compulsory labour in particular circumstances.

26. Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958, (No.111). Purpose: To establish the principle that there should be no discrimination in any employment or occupation on certain grounds.

27. Fishermen's Articles of Agreement Convention, 1959 (No.114). Purpose: To establish a system of articles of agreement for fishermen to be signed by the owner of a fishing vessel, or the owner's representative, in which their conditions of employment are clearly set out.

28. Medical Examination (Fishermen) Convention, 1959 (No.113). Purpose: To provide standards for the medical examination of fishermen taking into account the age of the fisherman and the work to be undertaken.

29. Fishermen's Competency Certificate Convention, 1966 (No.125). Purpose: To set subjects to be included in curricula such as general nautical subjects, knowledge of international regulations, practical navigation, safe working practices, the operation of engines and other equipment, fishing techniques as appropriate, and the amount of theoretical and practical training to be undergone.

30. Accommodation of Crews (Fishermen) Convention, 1966 (No.126). Purpose: To ensure adequate security, including emergency escapes, protection from the weather, ventilation of sleeping quarters, provision of sanitary and cooking areas as well as the provision of medicine chests and sick bays.

International Fisheries Agreements

31. Convention for the Establishment of an Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (in force). Purpose: To maintain populations of yellowfin and skipjack tuna in the eastern Pacific Ocean to permit maximum sustained catches year after year.

32. International Convention for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific (as amended) (in force). Purpose: To ensure maximum sustained productivity of the fishery resources of the Pacific Ocean. To co-ordinate research and conservation measures to this end.

33. North-East Atlantic Fisheries Convention (27/6/63) (Superseded by the Convention on future Multi-lateral Cooperation in the North East Atlantic Fisheries (in force). Purpose: To ensure the conservation and rational exploitation of the fish stocks of the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters.

34. Agreement Concerning Cooperation in Marine Fishing (in force). Purpose: To foster co-operation in the development of marine fishing, fishing techniques, fish processing technology and scientific research into the condition of living marine resources.

35. Convention for the International Council for The Exploration of the Sea (as amended) (in force). Purpose: To provide a new constitution for the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea established in Copenhagen in 1902.

36. International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (FAO) (in force). Purpose: To maintain populations of tuna and tuna-like fish in the Atlantic Ocean at levels permitting the maximum sustainable catch for food and other purposes.

37. Convention on the Future Multi-lateral Cooperation in the North West Atlantic Fisheries (in force). Purpose: To promote the conservation and optimum utilisation of the fishery resources of the North West Atlantic area within a framework appropriate to the regime of extended coastal State jurisdiction over fisheries, and accordingly to encourage international co-operation and consultation with respect to these resources.

38. South Pacific Forum Fisheries Agency Convention, 1979 (in force). Purpose: To ensure the conservation and optimum utilisation of the living marine resources of the South Pacific Region in particular of highly migratory species as well as to promote regional co-operation and co-ordination of fisheries policies.

39. Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources 1982 (in force). Purpose: To elaborate measures to preserve the marine environment of the Antarctic to avoid collateral destruction of the living marine resources.

40. Convention for the Conservation of Salmon in the North Atlantic Ocean 1982 (in force). Purpose: To promote the conservation of salmon stocks in the North Atlantic Ocean through international co-operation.

41. Convention of the Prohibition of Fishing with Long Driftnets in the South Pacific, 1989 (in force). Purpose: To take measures consistent with international law to restrict drift net fishing activities within the Convention Area.

42. Agreement to Promote Compliance with International Conservation and Management Measures by Fishing Vessels on the High Seas 1993 (FAO) (not in force). Purpose: To establish a system of authorisation of vessels fishing the high seas and to deter flagging and reflagging as a means to avoid compliance with agreed conservation and management measures for high seas fishing.