Tables and Figures

Table 1. Fisheries production of China (1949-1997)

Volume: mt.

Year	Total production	Marine capture	Marine aquaculture	Inland capture	Inland aquaculture
1949	447 927	342 927	5 000	85 000	15 000
1950	911 539	535 579	10 000	300 000	65 960
1951	1 332 010	784 817	30 000	400 000	117 193
1952	1 666 266	1 000 062	60 000	470 204	136 000
1953	1 899 739	1 148 135	70 000	499 604	182 000
1954	2 293 482	1 305 390	87 822	622 311	277 959
1955	2 517 886	1 549 129	106 927	542 773	319 057
1956	2 647 547	1 642 039	64 288	602 312	338 908
1957	3 116 214	1 814 811	122 139	614 457	564 807
1958	2 811 062	1 623 934	83 984	549 290	553 854
1959	3 089 188	1 753 607	105 031	634 240	596 310
1960	3 037 823	1 748 795	120 860	668 523	499 645
1961	2 304 628	1 336 236	90 584	528 630	349 178
1962	2 283 006	1 409 953	88 246	469 931	314 876
1963	2 614 246	1 670 668	91 330	495 951	635 297
1964	2 804 134	1 803 509	76 042	524 340	400 243
1965	2 984 297	1 909 756	104 293	455 797	514 451
1966	3 098 072	2 056 356	119 985	396 933	524 798
1967	3 051 581	2 052 675	139 779	358 961	500 166
1968	2 711 072	1 775 506	144 454	305 319	485 793
1969	2 899 297	1 890 658	155 952	305 924	546 763
1970	3 184 525	2 097 147	183 641	321 717	582 020
1971	3 495 904	2 330 653	229 361	315 927	619 963
1972	3 842 326	2 658 658	255 866	306 682	621 120
1973	3 931 054	2 690 684	220 578	361 032	658 760
1974	4 282 181	3 005 872	248 519	317 253	710 546
1975	4 411 760	3 063 017	278 699	312 369	752 675
1976	4 476 127	3 122 281	297 330	315 827	740 689
1977	4 694 652	3 195 060	423 527	307 781	768 284
1978	4 653 482	3 145 249	449 538	296 441	762 254
1979	4 304 672	2 772 864	415 933	302 555	813 320
1980	4 496 985	2 812 689	444 349	338 472	901 475
1981	4 605 744	2 774 128	458 142	359 414	1 014 060
1982	5 155 050	3 098 364	494 686	354 824	1 207 176
1983	5 458 143	3 072 296	545 072	412 577	1 428 198
1984	6 193 437	3 305 220	638 510	438 571	1 811 136
1985	7 051 775	3 485 166	712 294	475 127	2 379 188
1986	8 235 475	3 896 140	857 592	530 249	2 951 494
1987	9 553 200	4 381 079	1 100 615	587 424	3 484 082
1988	10 609 739	4 633 306	1 424 519	654 440	3 897 474
1989	11 516 648	5 036 394	1 575 639	734 360	4 170 255
1990	12 370 548	5 508 862	1 624 056	778 507	4 459 114
1991	13 539 476	6 096 358	1 904 641	912 602	4 625 875
1992	15 575 658	6 912 314	2 424 613	900 800	5 337 931
1993	18 261 815	7 673 429	3 086 973	1 018 824	6 482 589
1994	21 464 073	8 958 917	3 455 998	1 152 562	7 896 596
1995	25 171 794	10 268 373	4 122 924	1 372 864	9 407 633
1996	32 881 150	12 489 772	7 639 013	1 762 860	10 989 505
1997	36 017 759	13 853 804	7 910 429	1 886 967	12 366 559

Table 2. Marine capture fisheries production by major species (1997)

Volume: mt.

		Volume: mt.
Finfish:		9 387 388
	Big yellow croaker	69 950
	Yellow croaker	142 681
	Hailtail	1 014 598
	Chinese herring	77 532
	Mackerel	340 302
	Pomfret	242 547
	Porgy	71 043
	Chum mackerel	408 933
	Round scad	505 911
	Anchovy	1 201 964
	Spotted sardine	124 844
	Pacific herring	15 780
	Eel	184 843
	Grouper	30 201
	Mullet	85 967
	Golden thread	258 998
	Fillfish	296 781
	Others	4 314 433
Crustaceans:		2 094 639
	Prawn	69 460
	Southern rough shrimp	174 967
	Northern maoxia shrimp	480 056
	Swimming crab	237 960
	Mud crab	45 749
	Others	1 086 501
Molluscs		1 730 848
	Cuttlefish	235 946
	Others	1 494 902
Seaweeds:		18 427
Others:		622 502
	Jelly fish	400 483
	Others	222 019
Total		13 853 804

Table 3. The percentage of aquaculture production on total fisheries production

Volume: ‘000 mt.

Year	Total fisheries production	Capture fisheries production	Aquaculture production	Percent aquaculture production on total production %
1949	448	428	20	4.46
1950	912	636	76	8.33
1951	1 332	1 185	147	11.03
1952	1 666	1 470	196	11.76
1953	1 900	1 648	252	13.26
1954	2 294	1 928	366	15.95
1955	2 518	2 092	426	16.91
1956	2 648	2 245	403	15.21
1957	3 116	2 429	687	22.04
1958	2 811	2 173	638	22.69
1959	3 089	2 388	701	22.69
1960	3 038	2 417	621	20.44
1961	2 305	1 865	440	19.08
1962	2 283	1 880	403	17.65
1963	2 614	2 167	447	17.10
1964	2 804	2 328	476	16.97
1965	2 984	2 366	518	20.71
1966	3 098	2 453	645	20.81
1967	3 052	2 412	640	20.96
1968	2 711	2 081	630	23.23
1969	2 899	2 197	702	24.21
1970	3 185	2 419	766	24.05
1971	3 496	2 647	849	24.28
1972	3 842	2 965	877	22.82
1973	3 931	3 052	879	22.36
1974	4 282	3 323	959	22.39
1975	4 412	3 380	1 032	23.39
1976	4 476	3 438	1 038	23.19
1977	4 695	3 503	1 192	25.38
1978	4 653	3 441	1 212	26.04
1979	4 305	3 076	1 229	28.54
1980	4 497	3 151	1 346	29.93
1981	4 605	3 133	1 472	31.96
1982	5 155	3 453	1 702	33.01
1983	5 458	3 485	1 972	36.13
1984	6 193	3 744	2 449	39.54
1985	7 052	3 960	3 091	43.83
1986	8 236	4 426	3 810	46.26
1987	9 553	4 968	4 585	47.99
1988	10 609	5 287	5 322	50.16
1989	11 516	5 770	5 746	49.89
1990	12 371	6 288	6 083	49.17
1991	13 539	7 009	6 530	48.23
1992	15 575	7 813	7 762	49.83
1993	18 261	8 692	9 569	52.40
1994	21 464	10 111	11 353	52.89
1995	25 171	11 641	13 530	53.75
1996	32 881	14 252	18 628	56.65
1997	36 017	15 740	20 276	56.29

Table 4. Freshwater Culture Species

Common Name	Scientific Name
Silver carp	Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
Big head carp	Aristichthys nobilis
Grass carp	Ctenopharyngodon idellus
Black carp	Mylopharyngodon piceus
Common carp	Cyprinus carpio
Crucian carp	Carassius carassius
Prussian carp	Carassius auratus gibelio
Deep crucian carp	Carassius auratus cuvieri
White bream	Parabramis pekinensis
Chinese bream	Megalobrama amblycephala
Mud carp	Cirrhina molitorella
Large icefish	Protosalanx hyalocranius
	Neosalanx tankahkeii
Tilapia	Tilapia nilotica
	T. mossambic x T. nilotica
-	Colossoma brachypomum
-	Micropterus salmoides
Rainbow trout	Salmo gairdnerii irideus
Eel	Anguilla japonica
Freshwater catfish	Clarias lazera
	Clarias fuscus
	Clarias batrachus
	Clarias macrocephalus
Channel catfish	Ictalurus punetatus
Brown bullhead	Ictalurus nebulosus
Giant catfish	Pangasius suthi
Catfish	Silurus asotus
Mandarin fish	Siniperca chuatsi
Black bass	Micropterus salmoides
Freshwater yellowtail	Xenocypris argentea
	Xenocypris davidi
Yellowfin	Plagiognathops microlepis
	Distoechodon tumirostris
Mrigal	Cirrhina mrigala
-	Labeo rohita
Tench	Tinca tinca
Catla	Catla catla
Oriental river prawn	Macrobrachium nipponensis
Giant freshwater prawn	Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Hainan river prawn	Macrobrachium hainanense
Chinese mitter-handed
crab (river crab )	Eriocheir sinensis
Soft-shelled turtle	Pelochelys bibroni
Freshwater mussel	Hyriopsis cumingii
	Critaria plicata
Bull frog	Rana catesbeiana

Table 5. Marine Culture Species

Common Name	Scientific Name
Bloody clam	Tegillar granosa
Razor clam	Solen grandis
Constricted tagelus	Sinonovacula constricta
Common blue mussel	Mytilus edulis
Hard shelled mussel	Mytilus crassitesta
Mussel	Mytilus smaragdimus
Farrer' scallop	Chlamys farreri
Noble scallop	Chlamys nobilis
Ezo scallop	Pecten yessoensis
Bay scallop	Argopecten irradians
Oyster	Ostrea plicatala
	Ostrea rivularis
	Ostrea gigas
	Ostrea talienwhanensis
Disk abalone	Haliotis discus
Variously colored abalone	Haliotis diversicolor
Common orient clam	Meretrix lusoria
Asiatic hard clam	Meretrix meretrix
Small-neck clam	Ruditapes spp.
Surf clam	Mactra antiquata
	Mactra veneriformis
	Mactra chinensis
Clam	Scapharca broughtonii
	Scapharca subcrenata
Pearl shell	Pinctade martensii
	Pinctade maxima
Kelp	Laminaria japonica
Laver	Porphyra ratianensis
	Porphyra yezoensis
Algae	Gracilaria spp.
	Undaria pinnatifida
	Gelidium amansii
	Eucheuma muricatum
Sea cucumber	Apostichopus japonicus
Fleshy prawn	Penaeus chinensis
Giant tiger prawn	Penaeus monodon
Red tail prawn	Penaeus penicillatus
Banana prawn	Penaeus merguiensis
Jinga shrimp	Metapenaeus affinis
Crab	Scylla serrata
Red porgy	Pagrosomus major
Black porgy	Sparus macrocephalus
Flounder	Paralichthys olivaceus
Gizzard shad	Clupanodon punctatus
Tiger puffer	Fugu rubripes
Nibe croaker	Nibea mitsukurii
Grouper	Epinephelus spp.
Sea perch	Lateolabrax japonicus
Mullet	Mugil cephalus
	Mugil so-iuy
Shrimp	Palaemon carinicauda
Spottedtail goby	Synechogobius ommaturus
Japanese needlefish	Hemiramphus sajori
Puffer fishes	Tetraodontidae spp.
Roughskin sculpin	Trachidermis fasciatus
Milk-fish	Chanos chanos
Tilapia	Tilapia nilotica
Fatty barracuda	Sphyraena pinguis
Sea urchin	Hemicemtrotus pulcherrimus
Purple sea urchin	Anthocidaris cdassispina

Table 6. Aquaculture areas in China (1978-1997)

Area: ha.

Year	Marine aquaculture area	Freshwater aquaculture area	Total aquaculture area
1978	100 594	2 722 846	2 823 440
1979	116 466	2 737 754	2 854 220
1980	133 560	2 864 146	2 997 706
1981	138 520	2 880 260	3 018 780
1982	162 534	3 050 646	3 213 180
1983	186 706	3 082 647	3 293 533
1984	242 620	3 259 533	3 502 153
1985	277 026	3 687 467	3 964 493
1986	325 186	3 787 940	4 113 126
1987	369 260	3 859 340	4 228 600
1988	413 261	3 894 972	4 308 233
1989	423 210	3 812 280	4 235 490
1990	428 940	3 834 730	4 263 670
1991	449 370	3 866 010	4 315 380
1992	499 040	3 977 140	4 476 180
1993	587 540	4 160 430	4 747 970
1994	653 530	4 448 980	5 102 510
1995	715 750	4 669 340	5 385 090
1996	822 073	4 857 940	5 680 013
1997	937 933	4 954 837	5 892 770

Table 7. Inland aquaculture by major species (1993-1997)

Volume: mt.

Species	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997
Silver Carp & Bighead Carp	2 708 534	3 193 157	3 713 271	4 200 575	4 605 697
Grass Carp	1 464 945	1 789 591	2 070 988	2 407 908	2 632 364
Chinese Bream	218 926	281 625	335 934	379 148	434 896
Common Carp	891 624	1 127 596	1 398 618	1 591 508	1 761 283
Crucian Carp	291 529	385 220	533 740	689 905	858 455
Tilapia	191 257	235 940	314 093	394 303	485 459
Black Carp	65 638	102 838	102 574	118 872	137 515
Mandarin fish	17 641	28 051	36 777	58 437	68 117
Giant freshwater prawn	3 809	14 498	25 711	37 363	42 851
River crab	17 437	31 227	41 515	62 631	100 661
Soft-shelled turtle	4 427	9 360	17 445	32 004	44 460
Eel	-	-	-	147 316	167 208
Others	606 822	797 493	816 967	817 654	1 027 593
Total	6 482 589	7 896 596	407 633	10 937 624	12 366 559

Table 8. Aquaculture production, area and per hectare yield (1997)

		Production	Area*	Production per hectare
		( mt )	('000 ha)	(kg/ha)
Marine aquaculture:		7 910 429	937.93	8 434
	Shallow sea	3 718 829	167.85	22 155
	Bay and Gulf	484 020	180 431	2 683
	Mud flat	3 707 580	589.65	6 288
Inland aquaculture:		12 366 559	4 954.84	2 389
	Pond	8 922 797	1 994.21	4 474
	Lake	810 055	879.66	921
	Reservoir	1 165 075	1 567.97	743
	River and Ditch	602 275	370.98	1 623
	Paddy field	455 083	1 304.60	349
	Others	411 272	142.02	2 896
Total		20 276 988	5 892.77	-

* 1.3 million ha paddy fields not included.

Table 8a. Inland aquaculture production by environment (1979-1997)

Volume: mt.

Year	Total	Pond	Lake	Reservoir	River & Ditch	Others	Paddy field
1979	813 320	544 691	75 079	105 945	87 605	-	-
1980	901 475	620 528	73 881	111 966	82 154	12 946	10 549
1981	1 014 060	718 961	67 568	118 705	87 010	21 816	14 047
1982	1 207 176	870 948	77 329	133 424	92 343	33 132	24 229
1983	1 428 198	1 030 775	91 068	149 522	102 784	17 719	36 330
1984	1 811 136	1 322 082	104 602	175 586	129 023	23 527	36 316
1985	2 379 188	1 749 364	143 691	206 434	161 250	36 750	81 699
1986	2 951 494	2 193 795	178 669	236 076	197 685	47 451	97 818
1987	3 484 082	2 617 978	207 814	278 572	219 741	53 650	106 327
1988	3 897 474	2 933 786	229 361	308 746	241 047	66 343	118 191
1989	4 170 255	3 143 887	245 326	338 724	255 521	61 874	124 923
1990	4 459 114	3 370 527	267 340	359 835	263 749	66 826	130 837
1991	4 625 875	3 483 078	264 941	400 959	260 754	69 397	146 746
1992	5 337 931	4 025 591	313 261	461 623	287 977	88 540	160 939
1993	6 482 589	4 904 343	368 908	541 438	327 793	154 740	185 367
1994	7 896 596	5 968 965	476 272	656 836	387 002	200 606	206 915
1995	9 407 633	6 952 742	585 300	815 076	464 370	317 203	272 942
1996	10 989 505	8 042 474	706 242	988 357	561 001	314 670	376 761
1997	12 366 559	8 922 797	810 055	1 165 075	602 275	411 274	455 083

Table 8b. Inland aquaculture area by environment (1979-1997)*

Area: ‘000 ha.

Year	Total	Pond	Lake	Reservoir	River & Ditch	Others
1979	2 737.75	753.99	484.79	1 254.04	244.92	-
1980	2 864.14	821.51	528.83	1 266.66	274.14	-
1981	2 880.26	847.62	492.56	1 281.13	258.94	-
1982	3 050.64	918.8	576.01	1 298.75	253.64	3.43
1983	3 082.64	964.92	556.9	1 298.28	251.18	11.34
1984	3 259.53	1 070.63	537.04	1 334.54	281.3	36.02
1985	3 643.63	1 257.60	622.68	1 375.66	310.28	77.39
1986	3 787.94	1 335.37	657.95	1 402.06	328.27	64.27
1987	3 859.34	1 349.40	645.95	1 429.70	324.88	64.4
1988	3 894.97	1 421.34	636.59	1 441.51	337.64	57.88
1989	3 812.28	1 411.55	609.81	1 407.60	331.86	51.48
1990	3 834.72	1 451.43	615.77	1 421.59	331.98	49.94
1991	3 866.00	1 421.12	635.14	1 431.98	327.52	50.1
1992	3 977.14	1 472.44	701.51	1 426.05	321.92	55.22
1993	4 160.43	1 596.14	700.91	1 438.71	334.36	90.31
1994	4 448.98	1 747.50	764.76	1 482.19	339.53	115
1995	4 669.34	1 857.81	824.33	1 515.62	347.33	124.25
1996	4 857.94	1 959.78	884.29	1 521.51	360.83	131.54
1997	4 954.84	1 944.21	879.66	1 567.97	370.98	142.02

* 1.3 million ha paddy fields not included.

Table 8c. Mariculture production by major species (1983-1997)

Volume: mt.

Year		1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997
Finfish		10 192	9 358	13 653	19 036	29 464	32 671	36 409	43 345	47 182	58 716	71 672	101 110	144 954	182 155	254 979
Crustaceans:		9 564	22 021	42 665	85 367	156 004	202 319	190 223	189 171	225 560	215 465	104 438	92 014	115 881	129 050	161 601
	Prawn	8 975	19 300	40 664	82 827	153 273	199 419	185 890	184 817	219 571	206 866	87 756	63 872	78 416	88 851	102 923
Molluscs:		282 821	342 791	386 190	522 880	711 137	944 826	1 055 327	1 122 364	1 234 970	1 597 467	2 221 468	2 522 755	3 099 099	6 406 595	6 510 978
	Mussel	114 481	136 582	128 860	210 657	312 580	429 675	490 514	495 895	498 193	538 895	509 576	415 222	415 179	366 251	398 192
	Scallop	1 974	3 813	8 312	23 686	43 640	121 991	129 461	174 003	188 698	338 022	728 352	825 615	916 492	999 573	1 001 476
	Razor clam	88 999	110 006	125 717	126 175	133 597	140 673	138 467	140 326	165 230	198 598	222 819	252 886	306 749	342 519	354 152
	Clam	14 890	21 514	31 282	41 630	53 389	63 042	87 068	109 702	154 024	270 476	428 755	519 518	502 007	1 093 948	1 257 488
	Blood clam	11 067	14 907	16 686	24 173	33 386	33 986	38 795	41 320	42 041	41 588	55 568	71 946	92 242	131 858	129 518
	Oyster	35 526	40 588	50 872	54 994	65 543	73 965	73 24	82 354	87 422	123 008	168 423	313 476	373 119	2 284 663	2 328 568
Seaweeds:		242 495	264 340	269 786	230 309	204 010	244 703	293 680	269 176	396 929	552 965	681 483	730 063	738 503	913 948	961 365
	Kelp	231 296	250 661	253 839	203 437	178 900	216 415	272 913	244 306	256 660	494 129	601 827	633 901	644 464	743 876	786 557
Total		545 072	638 510	712 294	857 592	1 100 615	1 424 519	1 575 639	1 624 065	1 904 641	2 424 613	3 086 973	3 455 998	4 122 924	7 639 013	7 910 429

Table 8d. Mariculture area by major species (1983-1997)

Area: ‘000 ha.

Year		1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997
Finfish		42.06	45.28	44.26	44.90	39.19	40.11	46.38	47.39	42.30	46.57	41.80	56.73	69.52	66.20	66.73
Crustaceans:		21.28	33.52	60.62	87.46	132.94	164.98	155.38	147.52	150.89	142.9	160.40	160.22	149.20	170.54	198.01
	Prawn	20.34	33.40	59.69	85.26	131.38	162.96	152.66	143.97	147.16	139.02	154.31	150.71	136.61	134.97	178.78
Molluscs:		102.02	114.06	152.43	176.62	182.03	192.91	204.14	215.24	234.92	283.68	351.41	397.85	456.01	543.99	619.82
	Mussel	1.69	1.86	2.21	2.35	3.42	4.01	3.95	4.42	5.60	8.12	9.03	9.87	9.22	14.28	13.33
	Scallop	0.17	0.46	0.31	0.81	1.43	3.50	3.60	3.76	4.84	8.74	26.51	21.86	27.68	22.23	30.92
	Razor clam	14.06	20.06	19.48	20.53	19.80	20.71	22.84	23.61	24.76	29.63	27.49	28.07	34.83	38.89	41.52
	Clam	18.61	40.88	47.82	61.48	61.52	66.1	61.00	66.95	93.24	130.41	177.67	184.87	190.15	232.24	262.60
	Blood clam	6.00	6.65	7.57	7.37	7.36	6.96	7.85	7.23	7.58	14.18	11.48	13.13	17.40	19.04	18.67
	Oyster	24.88	27.61	34.73	36.88	40.22	42.17	44.05	45.30	46.22	56.64	52.36	61.64	73.54	83.49	95.21
Seaweeds:		17.64	19.75	19.77	16.19	15.09	15.24	17.30	18.78	21.27	25.89	33.20	35.11	36.19	38.76	42.19
	Kelp	12.46	13.20	11.74	7.75	6.64	6.39	9.50	10.92	11.54	14.43	18.23	18.18	17.81	20.08	21.72
Total		186.70	242.62	277.02	325.18	369.26	413.26	423.20	428.94	449.40	499.04	587.54	653.53	715.75	822.07	937.93

Table 8e. Aquaculture per hectare average yield (1985-1997)

Unit: kg/ha.

Year		1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997
Marine aquaculture:
	Finfish	315	300	750	810	780	915	1 110	1 260	1 715	1 782	2 085	2 752	3 821
	Prawn	675	975	1 050	1 230	1 215	1 275	1 485	1 485	569	424	574	617	576
	Mussel	58 215	89 535	91 425	107 055	120 030	112 200	88 860	66 360	56 431	42 069	45 030	25 657	29 881
	Scallop	26 535	29 145	30 450	34 785	35 955	39 090	38 985	38 670	27 475	37 768	33 110	44 961	32 391
	Oyster	1 350	1 500	1 635	1 755	1 665	1 815	1 890	2 175	3 217	5 105	5 074	27 365	24 458
	Kelp	21 630	26 235	26 940	30 060	28 910	22 380	30 900	34 245	33 013	34 868	36 186	37 046	36 213
	Laver	2 070	2 160	1 965	2 430	1 455	1 410	1 590	1 800	1 661	2 143	2 024	2 029	2 009
Inland aquaculture:
	Pond	1 395	1 650	1 875	2 070	2 220	2 385	2 445	2 730	3 073	3 416	3 742	4 104	4 474
	Lake	240	150	315	360	405	435	420	450	526	623	710	799	921
	Reservoir	150	165	195	210	240	255	285	330	376	443	538	650	743
	River & Ditch	525	600	675	720	765	795	795	900	980	1 140	1 337	1 555	1 623

Table 9a. Production, cost and return in various freshwater culture environment (1995)

	Pond	Paddy field	Lake
Number of surveyed groups or households	2 534	237	301
Number of labourers	6 054	427	568
Culture areas (ha)	4 273	86	1 972
Production (mt)	23 724	50	2 052
Per unit production (kg/ha)	5 552	581	1 040
Income ('000 yuan)	138 749	416	9 195
Cost ('000 yuan)	84 835	99	5 597
Taxes ('000 yuan)	2 566	9	383
Contract fees ('000 yuan)	13 327	-	1 092
Net income ('000 yuan)	38 020	307	2 122
Labourer per capita income (yuan/person)	6 280	720	3 736
Average net income per ha (yuan/ha)	8 898	3 577	1 076

Table 9b. Production, cost and return in mariculture of various species groups (1995)

	Prawn	Mussel	Scallop	Oyster	Kelp
Number of surveyed groups or households	210	9	50	64	15
Number of labourers	329	119	822	242	188
Culture areas (ha)	76	76	351	159	95
Production (mt)	151	5 219	13 830	507	2 667
Per unit production (kg/ha)	235	68 671	39 420	3 189	28 074
Income ('000 yuan)	7 959	1 685	42 411	9 591	7 184
Cost ('000 yuan)	4 606	789	26 535	6 602	3 351
Taxes ('000 yuan)	163	166	1 540	217	491
Contract fees ('000 yuan)	627	6	8 682	51	298
Net income ('000 yuan)	2 561	723	5 834	2 719	3 043
Labourer per capita income (yuan/person)	6 534	6 081	7 097	11 237	16 189
Average net income per ha (yuan/ha)	3 990	9 521	16 621	17 103	32 037

Table 10. Percentage of fisheries production value in agriculture production value (1978-1997)

Year	Fisheries production value (billion yuan )	Percent in agriculture production value (% )
1978	2.03	1.6
1979	1.96	1.5
1980	2.11	1.7
1981	4.05	2.0
1982	4.55	2.1
1983	4.94	2.3
1984	5.81	2.7
1985	6.91	3.5
1986	8.33	4.1
1987	9.84	4.8
1988	10.98	5.5
1989	11.76	3.4
1990	12.94	6.5
1991	57.39	6.8
1992	66.18	7.4
1993	78.36	8.1
1994	94.24	8.2
1995	111.15	8.4
1996	131.98	8.6
1997	155.83	9.3

Table 11. Fisherman's/fishfarmer's average annual income in China (1978-1997)

Year	Household per head income (yuan)	Labourer per head income (yuan)
1978	93	269
1979	126	349
1980	171	452
1981	199	551
1982	233	689
1983	320	794
1984	444	1 128
1985	626	1 557
1986	725	1 733
1987	1 051	2 543
1988	1 517	3 472
1989	1 323	2 837
1990	1 392	3 232
1991	1 560	3 458
1992	1 726	3 704
1993	2 294	4 843
1994	2 808	5 592
1995	3 545	7 147
1996	3 826	6 900
1997	3 974	6 846

Table 11a. Average income of aquaculture households, 1996 and 1997

	Households surveyed		Family members		Labourer		Per capita net income (Yuan)		Average net income of labourer (Yuan)
	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997
Beijing	70	60	286	233	149	137	4 086	7 881	7 842	14 459
Tianjin	20	20	71	69	33	34	5 645	7 491	12 145	15 202
Heilongjiang	208	243	941	1 027	454	515	3 221	5 119	6 675	10 208
Henan	120	180	560	811	290	456	2 198	3 356	4 244	5 969
Sichuan	226	171	876	641	519	383	1 510	2 777	2 550	4 648
Jiangxi	188	-	869	-	380	-	2 766	-	6 325	6 325
Hubei	307	-	1 297	-	716	-	4 550	-	8 241	8 241
Total/Average	1 139	674	4 900	2 781	2 541	1 515	3 425	5 325	6 860	10 097

Table 11b. Per capita income of agriculture and aquaculture households (1997)

Unit: yuan

	Per capita income of agriculture households	Per capita income of aquaculture households
Beijing	3 661	7 881
Tianjin	3 243	7 491
Heilongjiang	2 308	5 119
Henan	1 733	3 356
Sichuan	1 680	2 777
Average	2 525	5 324

Table 12. Aquaculture full-time labourers in China (1989-1997)

Year	Marine aquaculture labourers	Freshwater aquaculture labourers	Total aquaculture labourers
1989	232 265	1 297 818	1 530 083
1990	257 119	1 483 880	1 740 999
1991	276 880	1 592 626	1 869 506
1992	296 590	1 649 360	1 945 950
1993	355 943	1 918 445	2 274 388
1994	365 933	2 295 411	2 661 344
1995	398 715	2 470 778	2 869 493
1996	419 486	2 654 932	3 074 418
1997	459 177	2 833 380	3 292 497

Fig. 1. Map of People's Republic of China