1 Standardisation de méthodes d'étude biométrique et d'observation de clupéidés (en particulier de Sardina pilchardus) utilisées en biologie des pêches, Division des pêches de la FAO - 1957
1 Standardization of biometric and observation methods for Clupeidae (especially Sardina pilchardus) used in fisheries biology, FAO Fisheries Division - 1957
2 Le Chalutage en Méditerranée - Observations préliminaires sur les chaluts italiens, Division des pêches de la FAO - Septembre 1957
2 Mediterranean trawling - Preliminary observations in the study of Italian trawl nets, FAO Fisheries Division - September 1957
3 La pollution des eaux provoquée par les déversements des sucreries, Carlo Maldura et Paul Vivier - Avril 1958
3 Water pollution caused by wastes from sugar refineries, Carlo Maldura and Paul Vivier - April 1958
4 Filets tournants et coulissants en fibres synthétiques, Gerhard Klust - Septembre 1958
4 Ring nets made of synthetic fibres, Gerhard Klust - September 1958
4 La pisciculture dans les eaux intérieures des pays membres du CGPM, Secrétariat du CGPM - Février 1959
5 Inland water fisheries in the GFCM member countries, Secretariat of the GFCM - February 1959
5 Le chalutage en Méditerranée - Deuxième et troisième rapports, Division des pêches de la FAO - Mai 1959
6 Mediterranean trawling - Second and third reports, FAO Fisheries Division - May 1959
7 La technique des pêcheries dans les lagunes saumâtres, Ruggero de Angelis - Août 1959
7 Fishing installations in brackish lagoons, Ruggero de Angelis - August 1959
8 La situation de la pêche en Italie, en particulier dans le secteur de la distribution, Paolo Pagliazzi -Octobre 1959
8 Situation of the fishing industry in Italy, particularly regarding distribution, Paolo Pagliazzi - October 1959
9 Documentation graphique sur certains engins de pêche utilisés dans les lagunes littorales espagnoles, Fernando Lozano Cabo - Novembre 1959
9 Graphic documentation on some fishing gear used in Spanish coastal lagoons, Fernando Lozano Cabo - November 1959
10 Le chalutage en Méditerranée Quatrième rapport, J. Schärfe, Division des pêches de la FAO - Mars 1960
10 Mediterranean trawling - Fourth report, J. Schärfe, FAO Fisheries Division - March 1960
11 Le traitement du fond des étangs piscicoles et ses effets sur la productivité. La pisciculture dans divers pays européens, Alfred G. Wurtz - Juin 1960
11 Methods of treating the bottom of fish ponds and their effects on productivity. Fish culture in certain European countries, Alfred G. Wurtz - June 1960
12 Exploitation et description des lagunes saumâtres de la Méditerranée, Ruggero de Angelis - Août 1960
12 Mediterranean brackish water lagoons and their exploitation, Ruggero de Angelis - August 1960
13 Contrôle d'un chalut opérant entre deux eaux ou sur le fond et tiré par un seul bateau, J. Schärfe, Division des pêches de la FAO - Septembre 1960
13 A new method for "aimed" one-boat trawling in mid-water and on the bottom, J. Schärfe, FAO Fisheries Division - September 1960
14 Le chalutage en Méditerranée - Cinquième rapport, J. Schärfe, Division des pêches de la FAO - Mai 1961
14 Mediterranean trawling - Fifth report, J. Schärfe, FAO Fisheries Division - May 1961
15 La madrague sicilienne de course, Vito Fodera - Juillet 1961
15 The Sicilian tuna trap, Vito Fodera - July 1961
16 Influence de la température et de l'éclairement sur la distribution des crevettes des moyennes et grandes profondeurs, Walter Ghidalia et François Bourgois - August 1961
16 The influence of temperature and light on the distribution of shrimps in medium and great depths, Walter Ghidalia and François Bourgois - August 1961
17 L'amélioration des techniques de la pêche au feu, F. Bourgois et L. Farina, Experts de la FAO - Novembre 1961
17 Improvements of techniques for fishing with lights, F. Bourgois and L. Farina, FAO Experts - November 1961
18 L'élevage des huîtres en parcs flottants, M. Nikolic et I. Stojnic - Mars 1962
18 A system of oyster culture on floating shellfish parks, M. Nikolic and I. Stojnic - March 1962
19 Pêche au feu, Raimondo Sarà - Août 1962
19 Light fishing, Raimondo Sarà - August 1962
20 Réglementation en vigueur sur la pêche de la sardine en Méditerranée, Service d'études législatives de la FAO - Juillet 1963
20 Existing regulations for sardine fishing in the Mediterranean, FAO Legislation Research Branch - July 1963
21 Diagnoses démographiques sur les populations de poissons dans les cours d'eau à truites, R. Cuinat et R. Vibert - Octobre 1963
21 Demographic diagnosis on fish populations in trout streams, R. Cuinat and R. Vibert - October 1963
22 Dommages causés par les marsouins et autres animaux marins déprédateurs en Méditerranée, C. Ravel - Novembre 1963
22 Damage caused by porpoises and other other predatory marine animals in the Mediterranean, C. Ravel - November 1963
23 Etudes sur la sardine (Sardina pilchardus Walb.) et l'anchois (Engraulis encrasicholus L.) dans le golfe de Naples et sur leur comportement sous l'influence de la lumière artificielle, Olav Dragesund - Juin 1964
23 Studies on the sardine (Sardina pilchardus Walb.) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus L.) in the Gulf of Naples and their behaviour in artificial light, Olav Dragesund - June 1964
24 Réglementations concernant certaines industries de transformation des produits des pêches maritimes dans les pays méditerranéens, D. Rémy - Septembre 1964
24 Regulations on certain sea food processing industries in Mediterranean countries - D. Rémy - September 1964
25 Sur la valeur des anneaux nets pour la détermination de l'âge des sardines (Sardina pilchardus Walb.), R. Muzinic - Décembre 1964
25 The value of sharp rings for the age determination of sardine (Sardina pilchardus Walb,.), R. Muzinic - December 1964
26 Revue critique des effets des détergents synthétiques sur la vie aquatique, R. Marchetti - Octobre 1965
26 Critical review of the effects of synthetic detergents on aquatic life. R. Marchetti - October 1965
27 Méthodes permettant d'économiser la main-d'oeuvre à bord des chalutiers méditerranéens, M. Ben-Yami - Novembre 1965
27 Labour-saving methods on board Mediterranean trawlers, M. Ben-Yami - November 1965
28 La distribution et la commercialisation du poisson en Sicile, G. Bombace - Novembre 1965
28 Preliminary report on fish distribution and marketing in Sicily, G. Bombace - November 1965
29 Réglementation sanitaire des mollusques, R. Coppini - Décembre 1965
29 Sanitary regulations for molluscs, R. Coppini - December 1965
30 L'élevage de la truite fario et de la truite arc-en-ciel dans les eaux à température très élevée, E.G. Calderon - Décembre 1965
30 The raising of brown trout and rainbow trout in water at high temperatures, E.G. Calderon - December 1965
30 -(Suppl.1) Suite des études sur les possibilités de développement de la salmoniculture en eaux chaudes, E.G. Calderon - Novembre 1968
31 Mortalité initiale de la sardine dans les conditions expérimentales et mortalité due au marquage, R. Muzinic - Août 1966
31 Initial mortality of the sardine under experimental conditions and in the tagging work, R. Muzinic - August 1966
32 Study of hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) biology and population dynamics in the central Adriatic, S. Zupanovic - February 1968
33 Unités de stock de la sardine de la Méditerranée occidentale et de l'Adriatique, M.G. Larrañeta - Juin 1968
34 The system of currents in the Adriatic Sea, M. Zore-Armanda - July 1968
35 Investigations of mullet fisheries by beach seine on the U.A.R. Mediterranean coast, S. Zaky Rafail
Rehabilitation of the fisheries of an inland saline lake in the United Arab Republic, S. El Zarka
Variations annuelles des captures de mulet dans le lac de Varna, D. Morovic
Juillet/July 1968
36 Aquarium tagging experiments on sardines with anchor tags by the use of tricaine methane sulfonate, R. Muzinic - October 1968
37 Fishery of the green crab (Carcinus maenas L.) and soft crab cultivation in the lagoon of Venice, S. Varagnolo
Results obtained by geological charting of trawling grounds in the channels of the northern Adriatic, S. Alfierivic
Effects of fresh water and saturated sea-water brine on the survival of mussels, oysters and some epibionts on them, M. Hrs. Brenko and L. Igic
December 1968
38 The weight-length relationship of United Arab Republic Sardinella, A.M. El-Maghraby
Distribution et densité des oeufs de sardines (Sardina pilchardus Walb.) dans l'Adriatique centrale au cours de la saison 1965/66, J. Karlovac
Coincidence and alternation in Yugoslav pelagic fisheries, R. Muzinic - Février/February 1969
39 Selectivity of gillnets for Nile perch (Lates niloticus L.), R. Koura and A.A. Shaheen
Cod end mesh size effect on Italian otter trawl efficiency, R. Koura - February 1969
40 Studies on the life history of Adriatic sprat, N. and D. Zavodnik - March 1969
41 Note préliminaire à l'étude de la production primaire dans l'Adriatique centrale, T. Pucher-Petkovic
Long term observation of plankton fluctuation in the central Adriatic, T. Vucetic and T. Pucher-Petkovic
Relation between some factors affecting productivity and fish catch in the central Adriatic area, M. Buljan - Mars/March 1969
42 Long line Mediterranean fisheries studies west of Alexandria, S.Z. Rafail, W.L. Daoud and M.M. Hilal - July 1969
43 Marine resource of the United Arab Republic, A.A. Aleem - December 1969
44 Les ressources vivantes des eaux profondes de la Méditerranée occidentale et leur exploitation, Groupe d'experts du CGPM - Octobre 1970
44 Living deep water resources of the western Mediterranean and their exploitation, GFCM Group of Experts - October 1970
45 Quelques techniques de fumage du poisson applicables dans la zone méditerranéenne, H. Lizac, Département des pêches de la FAO - Février 1971
45 Some techniques of smoking fish applicable in the Mediterranean area, H. Lisac, FAO Fisheries Department - December 1970
46 Studies on the distribution, growth and abundance of migrating fry and juveniles of mullet in a brackish coastal lake (Edku) in the United Arab Republic, S. E. Zarka, A.M. El-Maghraby and Kh. Abdel-Hamid - December 1970
47 On the use of anaesthetics in the transportation of sardines, R. Muzinic - December 1970
48 -Investigations on Sciaenidae and Moronidae catches and on the total catch by beach seine on the U.A.R. Mediterranean coast, S.Z. Rafail
Studies on the population and the catchability of Norway lobster in the central Adriatic, S. Jukic - July 1971
49 Evolution de la pêche sur le talus du plateau continental des îles Baléares entre 1940 et 1969, M. Massuti
Explorations of the possible deep-water trawling grounds in the Levant Basin, O.H. Oren, M. Ben-Yami and L. Zismann - Juillet/July 1971
50 Commercialisation du poisson frais et congelé dans certains pays méditerranéens, CGPM - Décembre 1971
50 Marketing of fresh and frozen fish in Mediterranean countries, GFCM - December 1971
51 Etat de la pollution marine en Méditerranée et réglementation, CGPM - Août 1972
51 The state of marine pollution in the Mediterranean and legislative controls, GFCM - September 1972
52 Aquaculture en eau saumâtre dans la région méditerranéenne, CGPM - Août 1973
52 Brackish water aquaculture in the Mediterranean region, GFCM - August 1973
53 Fuel consumption as an index of fishing effort, D. Levi and G. Giannetti
Fluctuations of zooplankton and echo-trace abundance in the central Adriatic, T. Vucetic and I. Kacic - November 1973
54 Study of fish populations by capture data and the value of tagging experiments, S. Zaky Rafail
Les ressources halieutiques de la Méditerranée et de la mer Noire, D. Levi et J.-P. Troadec
Perspectives for fisheries development to 1985 in the GFCM Member Nations, GFCM Secretariat - Octobre 1974
54 Study of fish populations by capture data and the value of tagging experiments, S. Zaky Rafail
The fish resources of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, D. Levi and J.-P. Troadec
Perspectives for fisheries development to 1985 in the GFCM Member Nations, GFCM Secretariat - October 1974
55 Ponte contrôlée et élevage des larves d'espèces marines sélectionnées de la Méditerranée, CGPM
Controlled breeding and larval rearing of selected Mediterranean marine species, GFCM - Avril/April 1976
56 Données sur les bateaux et engins de pêche en Méditerranée, P.-Y. Dremière et C. Nédélec - Mai 1977
56 Data on fishing vessels and gear in the Mediterranean, P.-Y. Dremière and C. Nédélec - Mai 1977
57 Quelques aspects de la culture du poisson et des crustacés en eau saumâtre en Méditerranée, CGPM - 1981
57 Aspects of brackish water fish and crustacean culture in the Mediterranean, GFCM - 1980
58 Aménagement des ressources vivantes dans la zone littorale de la Méditerranée, CGPM - 1981
58 Management of living resources in the Mediterranean coastal area, GFCM - 1981
59 Les ressources halieutiques de la Méditerranée. Première partie: Méditerranée occidentale, P. Oliver - 1983
59 Los recursos pesqueros del Mediterráneo. Primera parte: Mediterráneo occidental, P. Oliver - 1983
60 The fisheries resources of the Mediterranean - Part two: Black Sea, L. Ivanov and R.J.H. Beverton -1985
61 Aménagement des pêches dans les lagunes côtières, J.M. Kapetsky et G. Lasserre - 1984
61 Management of coastal lagoon fisheries, J.M. Kapetsky and G. Lasserre - 1984
62 Evolution des techniques de la pêche italienne - 1987
62 Evolution of technology in Italian fisheries - 1987
63 Tendances récentes des pêches et de l'environnement dans la zone couverte par le Conseil général des pêches pour la Méditerranée (CGPM), J.F. Caddy et R.C. Griffiths - Décembre 1990
63 Recent trends in the fisheries and environment in the General Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean (GFCM) area, J.F. Caddy and R.C. Griffiths - December 1990
64 Fisheries and environment studies in the Black Sea, Part 1: V.G. Dubinina and A.D. Semenov, Part 2: Yu. P. Zaitzsev, Part 3: A. Kocatas, T. Koray, M. Kaya and O.F. Kara.
65 A review of the state of the fisheries and the environment of the Northeastern Mediterranean (Northern Levantine Basin), Ferit Bingel, Emin Ozsoy and Umit Unluata - September 1993
65 Etude de l'état des pêches et de l'environnement dans la Méditerranée du Nord-Est (bassin levantin septentrional), Ferit Bingel, Emin Ozsoy et Umit Unluata - Avril 1997
66 Resource and Environmental Issues Relevant to Mediterranean Fisheries Management - March 1996
66 Questions concernant les ressources et l'environnement dans la gestion des pêcheries méditerranéennes - Avril 1997
67 Introduction of mullet haarder (Mugil so-iuy Basilewsky) into the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, L.I. Starushenko, A.B. Kazansky - May 1996
68 Environmental management of fish resources in the Black Sea and their rational exploitation. K. Prodanov, K. Mikhailov, G. Daskalov, C. Maxim, A. Chashchin, A. Arkhipov, V. Shlyakhov, E. Ozdamar - April 1997
69 Long and short-term trends of Mediterranean fishery resources. L. Fiorentini, J.F. Caddy, J.I. de Leiva - September 1997
70 Issues in Mediterranean fisheries management: geographical units and effort control. J.F. Caddy - October 1998
70 Eléments pour l'aménagement des pêcheries méditerranéennes: unités géographiques et contrôle de l'effort. J.F. Caddy, 1999
4 Management Unit (MU) is understood as a geographical division established by the CFCM in the Mediterranean Sea and defined by a maritime area where fishing activities are being carried out. Operating Unit (OU) is a fleet segment which operates within a management unit and which is composed of vessels that have similar characteristics, employ similar fishing techniques, and catch the same species. Every OU is composed of several Local Operational Units (LOUs) associated with particular ports or local fishing areas.
5 In economics, any investment tends to have a profit equal to zero, understanding that this profit is additional income which exceeds the average capital earnings in a given economy. These earnings tend to equal the opportunity cost. A sector with profits will attract investments from other economic activities with no profits.
6 The rationale behind this option is the following. Assume that ships have an age limit of 10 years. As a result of wear suffered by the vessel's structure, the value of the vessels decreases by 10% every year. Accordingly, one-year-old vessels keep 90% of their original value, two-year-old vessels 80%, etc. If the vessels of a given fleet have a normal distribution, each generation will represent 10% of the total. At a given moment in time, the average value of the whole fleet is 50% of the value it would have had if it was composed of new vessels exclusively.
7 Landing sites serving the inland lagoon of Nador are not included, since this lagoon does not belong to the Alboran Sea and is a separate environment.
8 PTW, PTV IMW, IMV, EXW, EXV from Eurostat, Yearbook 2000; AQW, AQV from FAO-Fishstat+ for 1997; P, AP, UR from Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Madrid (http://www.ine.es); GNP from, World Bank (http://www.worldbank.org); R from Public Debt in 10 years, Banco de España (http://www.bde.es).
9 This covers part of the Andalucia region, including the provinces of: Málaga, Granada and Almeria. PTW, PTV, AP, UR, GNP derive from the Instituto de Estadística de Andalucia, (www.iea.junta-andalucia.es); P from Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Madrid (http://www.ine.es). Aquaculture production from this zone is of relatively low importance as only 5 of the 123 Andalucian aquaculture sites are in the Mediterranean. Estimated aquaculture production is lower than 3000 tonnes, amounting to about US$ 350 000 $ per year.
10 PTW, PTV, P (1999), AP (1999), UR (1999) from Direction de la Statistique Maroc (http://www.statistic.gov.ma); IMW, IMV, EXW, EXV, AQW, AQV from FAO (Fishstat+ for 1997); GNP from World Bank (http://www.worldbank.org).
11 Administrative provinces of Morocco Kingdom: Tanger, Tetuan, Chefchaouen, Al-hoceima, Nador, Berkane. PTW, P (1999), AP (1999), UR (1999) from Direction de la Statistique Maroc (http://statistic.gov.ma).
12 The only two indicators that could be derived for the regional level in the respective countries show similarly low contributions of fisheries to GNP, being 0.3% for Andalusia in Spain and 0.02% for Rif in Morocco.
13 In spite of it, the study does not excessively diverge from the sampling methods usually applied to obtain the indicators. Thus, for instance, the study by J. Boncoeur & B. Le Gallic (1998) carries out 160 samples to study a fleet of 1,700 vessels that are divided into 11 segments and 30 areas.
14 Annual Economic Report, 1998. Concerted action FAIR PL97-3541 of European Commission.
15 By Idrissi Malouli, Rino Coppola and Ignacio de Leiva.
16 The exchange rates considered is 10 DHR and 156 PTAs per dollar, which are the respective mean rates in 1999. Since the market where Mediterranean fishing produce is mainly sold in Europe, and in order to prevent the negative effect of any exchange rate fluctuations, it may be more desirable to use the Euro (E) as a measure unit in the future. For the present; however, the dollar is adopted it is the measure unit used most frequently by FAO.
17 Some negative wages have been detected in Jebha and M'dik for very artisanal-like fleet segments. Technically, that implies that not even the daily operative costs are recovered. This may be due to misleading information or to the fact that fishermen frequently cannot remember their income of the previous year accurately. Further reasons may be that they may have found confusing the difference with net income made in the questionnaires; it may be also due to any untoward circumstance. This is a systematic procedure consisting in compiling information, so in such cases the survey should be repeated.
18 Opportunity Cost (OP), Salary Costs, Costs related to fishing activities (Costs per output x Number of outputs) and Year Fixed Costs (YFC)
19 In our estimations, we have considered 5% as real interest rate for Morocco, instead of 12% nominal rate in 1999. This is meant to prevent an excessive lowering effect of the opportunity cost, which should be carefully considered in the light of the interest rates of each international financial market, altogether deducting the effects of local inflation.
20 The Gross Estimated Profit (GEP) expresses the amount of income obtained by ship owners as a whole, once operational costs have been deducted. These include: Salary Cost (SC), Opportunity Cost (OP), Costs related to Fishing Activities (CD) and Year Fixed Costs (YFC). In order to assess the effects of Opportunity Costs, which are not usually regarded by fishers, it has been incorporated in the GEP without deducting this cost. On the other hand, the Net Estimated Profit (NEP) shows the volume of income obtained by the owners, once depreciation has been deducted from the GEP. It strictly shows profits in a theoretical sense as explained in the methodological introduction of this study. A feasible activity must have a NEP above zero (not negative).
21 Remember that, in calculating the depreciation costs, the shelf life has been estimated as being 10 years.
22 Le GTESP était le Groupe de Travail sur l'Economie et les Statistiques des Pêches de la CGPM. Il a vu son mandat renforcé et répartit dans les attributions respectives des Sous-Comités de l'Economie et des Sciences Sociales (SCES) et des Statistiques et de l'Information (SCSI) du SAC. Le GTESP a crée en 1998 un Groupe de travail ad hoc (GTI) sur les indicateurs socio-économiques.
