This annex contains details of the feed conversion ratios (Annex 1, Table 1), proportion of animals fed by commercial aquafeeds (Annex 1, Table 2), fishmeal inclusion rates (Annex 1, Table 3) and fish oil inclusion rates (Annex 1, Table 4) used in earlier studies. Summaries are also provided of previous estimates for fishmeal and fish oil consumption in aquaculture, compared to the current study (Annex 1, Table 5). The actual and forecast global production of fishmeal and oil is presented in Annex 1, Table 6. Finally, previous estimates of the proportion of total supplies of fishmeal (Annex 1, Table 7) and fish oil (Annex 1, Table 8) used by different sectors of the animal feeds industry are summarized.
Table 1. Feed conversion ratios (FCRs) used in earlier studies
SPECIES OR SPECIES GROUP[25] |
YEAR |
FCR |
SOURCE |
CARP |
1992 |
2.0 |
1 |
1994 |
2.0 |
2 |
|
1995 |
2.0 |
3 |
|
2000 |
2.0 |
3,4,5,6 |
|
2000 |
1.8 |
1 |
|
2010 |
1.5 |
4,5,6 |
|
2015 |
1.5 |
4 |
|
TILAPIA |
1992 |
1.8 |
1 |
1995 |
2.0 |
3 |
|
2000 |
2.0 |
3,4,5,6 |
|
2000 |
1.7 |
1 |
|
2010 |
1.5 |
4,5,6 |
|
2015 |
1.5 |
4 |
|
CATFISH |
1992 |
1.8 |
1 |
1994 |
1.7 |
2 |
|
1995 |
1.8 |
3 |
|
2000 |
1.6 |
1,3,4,6 |
|
2000 |
1.7 |
5 |
|
2010 |
1.5 |
5 |
|
2010 |
1.4 |
4,6 |
|
2015 |
1.4 |
4 |
|
TROUT |
1992 |
1.5 |
1 |
1994 |
1.3 |
2 |
|
1995 |
1.5 |
3 |
|
2000 |
1.4 |
4 |
|
2000 |
1.3 |
1,3,5,6 |
|
2010 |
1.1 |
4 |
|
2010 |
0.9 |
5 |
|
2010 |
0.8 |
6 |
|
2015 |
1.0 |
4 |
|
SALMON |
1992 |
1.5 |
1 |
1994 |
1.4 |
2 |
|
1995 |
1.3 |
3 |
|
2000 |
1.4 |
4 |
|
2000 |
1.3 |
1 |
|
2000 |
1.2 |
3,5,6 |
|
2010 |
1.1 |
4 |
|
2010 |
0.9 |
5 |
|
2010 |
0.8 |
6 |
|
2015 |
1.0 |
4 |
|
MILKFISH |
1992 |
2.5 |
1 |
1995 |
2.0 |
3 |
|
2000 |
2.0 |
1,3,4,5,6 |
|
2010 |
1.6 |
4,6 |
|
2010 |
1.5 |
5 |
|
2015 |
1.6 |
4 |
|
EELS |
1992 |
2.0 |
1 |
1994 |
1.9 |
2 |
|
1995 |
2.0 |
3 |
|
2000 |
2.0 |
3,4,5,6 |
|
2000 |
1.8 |
1 |
|
2010 |
1.5 |
5 |
|
2010 |
1.2 |
4,6 |
|
2015 |
1.2 |
4 |
|
MARINE FISH, INCLUDING YELLOWTAILS |
1992 |
2.0 |
1 |
1994 |
1.9-2.0 |
2 |
|
1995 |
2.0 |
3 |
|
2000 |
2.2 |
4 |
|
2000 |
1.8 |
1,3,5,6 |
|
2010 |
2.0 |
4 |
|
2010 |
1.5 |
5,6 |
|
2015 |
1.9 |
4 |
|
OTHER CARNIVOROUS (FRESHWATER & MARINE), INCLUDING GROUPERS |
1992 |
2.0 |
1 |
2000 |
1.8 |
1 |
|
FLATFISH |
2000 |
2.2 |
4 |
2000 |
1.7 |
5 |
|
2000 |
1.8 |
1 |
|
2000 |
1.2 |
6 |
|
2010 |
2.0 |
4 |
|
2010 |
1.6 |
5 |
|
2010 |
0.9 |
6 |
|
2015 |
1.9 |
4 |
|
MARINE SHRIMP |
1992 |
1.8 |
1 |
1994 |
1.8 |
2 |
|
1995 |
2.0 |
3 |
|
2000 |
1.8 |
3,4,5,6 |
|
2000 |
1.6 |
1 |
|
2010 |
1.6 |
4,5,6 |
|
2015 |
1.6 |
4 |
|
FRESHWATER PRAWNS |
1992 |
2.2 |
1 |
2000 |
2.0 |
1 |
|
CRABS |
2000 |
1.8 |
4,5 |
2010 |
1.6 |
4,5 |
|
2015 |
1.6 |
4 |
|
OTHER CRUSTACEA, INCLUDING CRABS |
1992 |
2.0 |
1 |
2000 |
1.8 |
1 |
Source: 1. New and Csavas (1995); 2. Pike (1998); 3. Tacon (1998); 4. I.H. Pike, pers. comm. (2000); 5. Chamberlain (2000); 6. Barlow (2000).
Table 2. Estimates from earlier studies of percentage of farmed aquatic animals reared with commercial aquafeeds
SPECIES OR SPECIES GROUP[26] |
YEAR |
% |
SOURCE |
CARP |
1992 |
20 |
1 |
1994 |
10 |
2 |
|
1995 |
20 |
3 |
|
2000 |
25 |
1,3,4,5,6 |
|
2010 |
50 |
4,5,6 |
|
2015 |
50 |
4 |
|
TILAPIA |
1992 |
20 |
1 |
1995 |
35 |
3 |
|
2000 |
40 |
3,4,5,6 |
|
2000 |
25 |
1 |
|
2010 |
70 |
5 |
|
2010 |
60 |
4,6 |
|
2015 |
60 |
4 |
|
CATFISH |
1992 |
85 |
1 |
1994 |
100 |
2 |
|
1995 |
80 |
3 |
|
2000 |
90 |
1 |
|
2000 |
85 |
3,4,5,6 |
|
2010 |
90 |
4,5,6 |
|
2015 |
90 |
4 |
|
TROUT |
1992 |
100 |
1 |
1994 |
100 |
2 |
|
1995 |
100 |
3 |
|
2000 |
100 |
1,3,4,5,6 |
|
2010 |
100 |
4,5,6 |
|
2015 |
100 |
4 |
|
SALMON |
1992 |
90 |
1 |
1994 |
100 |
2 |
|
1995 |
100 |
3 |
|
2000 |
100 |
1,3,4,5,6 |
|
2010 |
100 |
4,5,6 |
|
2015 |
100 |
4 |
|
MILKFISH |
1992 |
15 |
1 |
2000 |
30 |
3 |
|
2000 |
30 |
1 |
|
2000 |
40 |
4,5,6 |
|
2010 |
75 |
4,5,6 |
|
2015 |
75 |
4 |
|
EELS |
1992 |
80 |
1 |
1994 |
53 |
2 |
|
1995 |
100 |
3 |
|
2000 |
100 |
3 |
|
2000 |
80 |
1,4,5,6 |
|
2010 |
90 |
4,5,6 |
|
2015 |
90 |
4 |
|
MARINE FISH, INCLUDING YELLOWTAILS |
1992 |
75 |
1 |
1994 |
40 |
2 |
|
1995 |
50 |
3 |
|
2000 |
60 |
3,4,6 |
|
2000 |
80 |
1,5 |
|
2010 |
80 |
4,6 |
|
2010 |
95 |
5 |
|
2015 |
80 |
4 |
|
OTHER CARNIVOROUS (FRESHWATER AND MARINE), INCLUDING GROUPERS |
1992 |
55 |
1 |
2000 |
60 |
1 |
|
FLATFISH |
2000 |
100 |
4,5,6 |
2000 |
60 |
1 |
|
2010 |
100 |
4,5,6 |
|
2015 |
100 |
4 |
|
MARINE SHRIMP |
1992 |
65 |
1 |
1994 |
58 |
2 |
|
1995 |
75 |
3 |
|
2000 |
80 |
3,4,5,6 |
|
2000 |
75 |
1 |
|
2010 |
90 |
4,6 |
|
2010 |
95 |
5 |
|
2015 |
90 |
4 |
|
FRESHWATER PRAWNS |
1992 |
70 |
1 |
2000 |
85 |
1 |
|
CRABS |
2000 |
80 |
4,5 |
2010 |
90 |
4 |
|
2010 |
95 |
5 |
|
2015 |
90 |
4 |
|
OTHER CRUSTACEA, INCLUDING CRABS |
1992 |
10 |
1 |
2000 |
20 |
1 |
Source: 1. Derived from New and Csavas (1995); 2. Derived from Pike (1998); 3. Tacon (1998); 4. I.H. Pike, pers. comm. (2000); 5. Chamberlain (2000); 6. Barlow (2000).
Table 3. Estimates of the percentage of fishmeal in aquafeeds used in earlier studies
SPECIES OR SPECIES GROUP[27] |
YEAR |
% |
SOURCE |
CARP |
1992 |
20 |
1 |
1994 |
15 |
2 |
|
1995 |
8 |
3 |
|
2000 |
5 |
3,5,6 |
|
2000 |
3 |
4 |
|
2000 |
15 |
1 |
|
2010 |
5 |
2 |
|
2010 |
3 |
4 |
|
2010 |
2.5 |
6 |
|
2010 |
1 |
5 |
|
2015 |
3 |
4 |
|
TILAPIA |
1992 |
20 |
1 |
1995 |
15 |
3 |
|
2000 |
12 |
3 |
|
2000 |
7 |
4,5,6 |
|
2000 |
15 |
1 |
|
2010 |
4 |
4 |
|
2010 |
3.5 |
6 |
|
2010 |
3 |
5 |
|
2015 |
3 |
4 |
|
CATFISH |
1992 |
5 |
1 |
1994 |
4 |
2 |
|
1995 |
5 |
3 |
|
2000 |
3 |
1,3,4,5,6 |
|
2010 |
1 |
2 |
|
2010 |
0 |
4,5,6 |
|
2015 |
0 |
4 |
|
TROUT |
1992 |
30 |
1 |
1994 |
38 |
2 |
|
1995 |
35 |
3 |
|
2000 |
35 |
5 |
|
2000 |
30 |
1,3,4,6 |
|
2010 |
25 |
2,4,5,6 |
|
2015 |
20 |
4 |
|
SALMON |
1992 |
50 |
1 |
1994 |
50 |
2 |
|
1995 |
45 |
3 |
|
2000 |
45 |
1 |
|
2000 |
40 |
3,4,5,6 |
|
2000 |
40 |
5 |
|
2010 |
30 |
2,4,5,6 |
|
2015 |
25 |
4 |
|
MILKFISH |
1992 |
15 |
1 |
1995 |
15 |
3 |
|
2000 |
12 |
3,4,5,6 |
|
2000 |
10 |
1 |
|
2010 |
5 |
4,5,6 |
|
2015 |
5 |
4 |
|
EELS |
1992 |
40 |
1 |
1994 |
50 |
2 |
|
1995 |
50 |
3 |
|
2000 |
50 |
3,4,5,6 |
|
2000 |
40 |
1 |
|
2010 |
40 |
4,6 |
|
2010 |
35 |
5 |
|
2010 |
30 |
2 |
|
2015 |
40 |
4 |
|
MARINE FISH, INCLUDING YELLOWTAILS |
1992 |
60 |
1 |
1994 |
60 |
2 |
|
1995 |
50 |
3 |
|
2000 |
45 |
1,3,4,5,6 |
|
2010 |
40 |
4,6 |
|
2010 |
35 |
5 |
|
2010 |
30 |
2 |
|
2015 |
35 |
4 |
|
OTHER CARNIVOROUS (FRESHWATER AND MARINE), INCLUDING GROUPERS |
1992 |
40 |
1 |
2000 |
40 |
1 |
|
FLATFISH |
2000 |
55 |
4,5,6 |
2010 |
45 |
4,6 |
|
2010 |
35 |
5 |
|
2015 |
45 |
4 |
|
MARINE SHRIMP |
1992 |
25 |
1 |
1994 |
26 |
2 |
|
1995 |
30 |
3 |
|
2000 |
25 |
1,3,4,5,6 |
|
2010 |
20 |
2,4,6 |
|
2010 |
15 |
5 |
|
2015 |
15 |
4 |
|
FRESHWATER PRAWNS |
1992 |
20 |
1 |
1998 |
10-23 |
7 |
|
2000 |
15 |
1 |
|
CRABS |
2000 |
25 |
4,5 |
2010 |
20 |
4 |
|
2010 |
15 |
5 |
|
2015 |
15 |
4 |
|
OTHER CRUSTACEA, INCLUDING CRABS |
1992 |
20 |
1 |
2000 |
15 |
1 |
Source: 1. New and Csavas (1995); 2. Pike (1998); 3. Tacon (1998); 4. I.H. Pike, pers. comm. (2000); 5. Chamberlain (2000); 6. Barlow (2000); 7. New and Valenti (2000).
Table 4. Estimates of the percentage of fish oil in aquafeeds used in earlier studies
SPECIES OR SPECIES GROUP[28] |
YEAR |
% |
SOURCE |
CARP |
1992 |
10 |
1 |
1994 |
12 |
2 |
|
1995 |
1 |
3 |
|
2000 |
1 |
3,5,6 |
|
2000 |
0 |
4 |
|
2000 |
10 |
1 |
|
2010 |
10 |
2 |
|
2010 |
1 |
4 |
|
2010 |
0.5 |
5,6 |
|
2015 |
1 |
4 |
|
TILAPIA |
1992 |
0 |
1 |
1995 |
1 |
3 |
|
2000 |
1 |
1,3,4,5,6 |
|
2010 |
1 |
2 |
|
2010 |
1 |
4 |
|
2010 |
0.5 |
5,6 |
|
2015 |
1 |
4 |
|
CATFISH |
1992 |
2 |
1 |
1994 |
1.5 |
2 |
|
1995 |
2 |
3 |
|
2000 |
2 |
1 |
|
2000 |
1 |
3,4,5,6 |
|
2010 |
1 |
2,5,6 |
|
2010 |
0 |
4 |
|
2015 |
0 |
4 |
|
TROUT |
1992 |
10 |
1 |
1994 |
20 |
2 |
|
1995 |
20 |
3 |
|
2000 |
15 |
4,5,6 |
|
2000 |
10 |
1,3 |
|
2010 |
25 |
2 |
|
2010 |
20 |
6 |
|
2010 |
15 |
4 |
|
2010 |
18 |
5 |
|
2015 |
15 |
4 |
|
SALMON |
1992 |
15 |
1 |
1994 |
25 |
2 |
|
1995 |
25 |
3 |
|
2000 |
25 |
4,5,6 |
|
2000 |
20 |
3 |
|
2000 |
15 |
1 |
|
2010 |
30 |
2 |
|
2010 |
20 |
4,6 |
|
2010 |
17 |
5 |
|
2015 |
18 |
4 |
|
MILKFISH |
1992 |
7 |
1 |
1994 |
4 |
2 |
|
1995 |
5 |
3 |
|
2000 |
3 |
3,5,6 |
|
2000 |
2 |
4 |
|
2000 |
7 |
1 |
|
2010 |
2 |
4,5,6 |
|
2015 |
2 |
4 |
|
EELS |
1992 |
10 |
1 |
1994 |
10 |
2 |
|
1995 |
10 |
3 |
|
2000 |
10 |
3 |
|
2000 |
5 |
4,5,6 |
|
2000 |
15 |
1 |
|
2010 |
10 |
2,5,6 |
|
2010 |
8 |
4 |
|
2015 |
8 |
4 |
|
MARINE FISH, INCLUDING YELLOWTAILS |
1992 |
12 |
1 |
1994 |
12 |
2 |
|
1995 |
15 |
3 |
|
2000 |
20 |
3,4,6 |
|
2000 |
12 |
5 |
|
2000 |
12 |
1 |
|
2010 |
15 |
2,4,5,6 |
|
2015 |
10 |
4 |
|
OTHER CARNIVOROUS (FRESHWATER & MARINE), INCLUDING GROUPERS |
1992 |
12 |
1 |
2000 |
12 |
1 |
|
FLATFISH |
2000 |
10 |
4,5,6 |
2010 |
12 |
4,5,6 |
|
2015 |
10 |
4 |
|
MARINE SHRIMP |
1992 |
3 |
1 |
1994 |
3 |
2 |
|
1995 |
3 |
3 |
|
2000 |
2 |
3,4,5,6 |
|
2000 |
5 |
1 |
|
2010 |
5 |
2 |
|
2010 |
3 |
4,5,6 |
|
2015 |
3 |
4 |
|
FRESHWATER PRAWNS |
1992 |
1 |
1 |
2000 |
2 |
1 |
|
CRABS |
2000 |
2 |
4,5 |
2010 |
3 |
4,5 |
|
2015 |
3 |
4 |
|
OTHER CRUSTACEA, INCLUDING CRABS |
1992 |
1 |
1 |
2000 |
2 |
1 |
Source: 1. New and Csavas (1995); 2. Pike (1998); 3. Tacon (1998); 4. I.H. Pike, pers. comm. (2000); 5. Chamberlain (2000); 6. Barlow (2000).
Table 5. Estimates of current and future fishmeal and fish oil usage in aquaculture (000 mt)
FISHMEAL |
|||||||
1986 |
1992 |
1995 |
1999 |
2000 |
2010 |
2015 |
SOURCE |
523 |
|
|
|
1 000 |
|
|
Wijkstrom and New (1989) |
|
963 |
|
|
1 139 |
|
|
New and Csavas (1995) |
|
|
|
|
1 479 - 1 491 |
1 477 - 1 788 |
|
De Silva (1999) |
|
|
1 728 |
|
1 996 |
|
|
Tacon (1998) |
|
|
|
2 091 |
|
|
|
This study |
|
|
|
|
2 115 |
2 831 |
|
Barlow (2000) |
|
|
|
|
2 316 |
3 450 |
4 377 |
I. H. Pike, pers. comm. (2000) |
|
|
|
|
2 442 |
4 270 |
|
Chamberlain (2000) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 592 |
This study |
|
|||||||
FISH OIL |
|||||||
1986 |
1992 |
1995 |
1999 |
2000 |
2010 |
2015 |
SOURCE |
n.s. |
|
|
|
n.s. |
|
|
Wijkstrom and New (1989) |
|
234 |
|
|
338 |
|
|
New and Csavas (1995) |
|
|
494 |
|
574 |
|
|
Tacon (1998) |
|
|
|
662 |
|
|
|
This study |
|
|
|
|
708 |
955 |
|
Barlow (2000) |
|
|
|
|
716 |
1 209 |
1 408 |
I. H. Pike, pers. comm. (2000) |
|
|
|
|
769 |
1 787 |
|
Chamberlain (2000) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 862 |
This study |
Table 6. Actual and forecast production of fishmeal and fish oil (000 mt)
FISHMEAL |
||||
1990-99 AVERAGE[29] |
2000 |
2010 |
2015 |
SOURCE |
6,526 |
|
|
|
FAO Fishstat (2001) |
|
6 000-6 500 |
|
|
Wijkstrom and New (1989) |
|
6 500 |
|
|
Tacon (1998) |
|
6 500 |
6 500 |
6 500 |
I. H. Pike, pers. comm. (2000) |
|
||||
FISH OIL |
||||
1990-99 AVERAGE[30] |
2000 |
2010 |
2015 |
SOURCE |
1,283 |
|
|
|
FAO Fishstat (2001) |
|
1 200 |
|
|
Tacon (1998) |
|
1 300 |
1 200 |
1 200 |
I. H. Pike, pers. comm. (2000) |
Table 7. Previous estimates of the proportion of fishmeal consumed by sectors of the animal feedstuffs industry, compared to this study (%)
|
86 |
88 |
94 |
95 |
95 |
98 |
99 |
00* |
00* |
00* |
00* |
10* |
10* |
10* |
10* |
10* |
15* |
15* |
AQUA- CULTURE |
8 |
10 |
17 |
15 |
26 |
40 |
32 |
17 |
31 |
36 |
38 |
23 |
45 |
53 |
59 |
66 |
67 |
70 |
PIGS |
|
20 |
20 |
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
POULTRY |
|
60 |
55 |
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
Nil |
|
|
|
OTHER |
|
10 |
8 |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
REFERENCE |
5 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
4 |
6 |
8 |
5 |
4 |
3 |
7 |
2 |
6 |
3 |
2 |
7 |
3 |
8 |
* Projections.
1. New et al. (1995); 2. Pike (1998); 3. I.H. Pike, pers. comm. (2000); 4. Tacon (1998); 5. Wijkstrom and New (1989); 6. Barlow (2000); 7. Chamberlain (2000); 8. This study.
Table 8. Previous estimates of the proportion of fish oil consumed by sectors of the animal feedstuffs industry, compared to this study (%)
|
1994 |
1995 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 * |
2000 * |
2010 * |
2010 * |
2015 * |
2015 * |
AQUACULTURE |
26 |
37 |
66 |
49 |
48 |
55 |
75 |
101 |
117 |
145 |
REFERENCE |
1 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
3 |
2 |
4 |
2 |
2 |
5 |
* Projections.
1. Pike (1998); 2. I.H. Pike, pers. comm. (2000); 3. Tacon (1998); 4. Barlow (2000); 5. This study.
[25] Species included in
these categories differ between authors, or are not clearly defined in some
cases. [26] Species included in these categories differ between authors, or are not clearly defined in some cases. [27] Species included in these categories differ between authors, or are not clearly defined in some cases. [28] Species included in these categories differ between authors, or are not clearly defined in some cases. [29] Actual production. [30] Actual production. |