41. The results of this exercise are shown in Table 1. As expected, traditional export crops, such as coffee for East Africa, cocoa for Coastal West Africa and groundnuts for both Central and Sahel West Africa, were found to exhibit high competitive potential. Fruits, vegetables, olives and wheat were found to be potentially competitive crops for North Africa. Millet, vegetables, sorghum, rice and groundnuts have been identified as priority crops for Sahel West Africa. Grapes, maize, sugar cane, vegetables and tobacco hold promise for their expansion in production and trade in Southern Africa.
42. The analysis revealed that the observed crop mix based on natural suitability did not necessarily coincide with the crop structure taking into account the potential for trade. For instance:
Vegetables and fruits have an important economic role and trade potential in all sub-regions (except Sahel West Africa for fruits), despite their relatively small share in cultivated land area. Surprisingly, in North Africa vegetables cover less than five percent of land area, though they represent as much as 44 percent of total sub-region's output trade value.
In addition, rice was identified as a potentially competitive crop for Sahel West Africa, though its production and trade potential is marginal (7 percent of sub-regional output trade value). In Sahel Central Africa (Chad), vegetables and rice outweigh seed cotton (which receives most governmental attention) in terms of the economic importance in the country's production structure expressed in trade unit values.
In Coastal West Africa, vegetables and fruits were added to the list of potentially competitive crops, eliminating maize, millet, rice and sorghum, which are naturally suitable in that part of Africa.
In Central Africa, the crop mix displaying significant production - cum - trade potential differs significantly from the current cropping pattern. Surprisingly, coffee and cocoa's shares in sub-regional production (expressed in world trade values) do not surpass five percent, while in the sub-regional cropping pattern they represent 17.8 percent and 16.9 percent, respectively. Similarly, oil-palm fruit, maize and sorghum contribute minimally to the sub-region's total output trade value, representing less than five percent on average.
In East Africa, crops such as millet, pulses and sorghum contribute little (below 5.0 percent) to the total production (expressed in trade unit values), despite their relative importance in the cropping pattern.
Table 1. Potentially competitive crops by sub-region and the extent of their production and trade potential
Natural suitability criterion |
Production - cum - trade-opportunities criterion |
Extent of production and trade potential *** |
||
Naturally suitable crop |
Crop's share* |
Sub-regional priority crop |
Crop's share** |
|
North Africa |
||||
Fruits |
28.4 |
Fruits |
20.5 |
Moderate |
Olives |
49.6 |
Olives |
12.9 |
Moderate |
Wheat |
26.9 |
Wheat |
6.0 |
Marginal |
Vegetables |
4.6 |
Vegetables |
43.8 |
High |
Sahel Central Africa (Chad) |
||||
Fruits |
9.3 |
Fruits |
8.7 |
Marginal |
Groundnuts |
10.7 |
Groundnuts |
37.8 |
High |
Millet |
22.1 |
Millet |
9.8 |
Marginal |
Sorghum |
21.2 |
Sorghum |
7.8 |
Marginal |
Rice |
2.8 |
Rice |
5.2 |
Marginal |
Vegetables |
0.4 |
Vegetables |
8.7 |
Marginal |
Seed Cotton |
8.4 |
Seed Cotton |
0.6 |
Insignificant |
Central Africa (excluding Chad) |
||||
Fruits |
28.5 |
Fruits |
35.1 |
High |
Cassava |
11.6 |
Cassava |
24.5 |
Moderate |
Groundnuts |
5.9 |
Groundnuts |
6.2 |
Marginal |
Vegetables |
2.4 |
Vegetables |
11.0 |
Moderate |
Coffee |
17.8 |
Coffee |
4.6 |
Insignificant |
Cocoa |
16.9 |
Cocoa |
2.3 |
|
Oil-palm fruits |
10.5 |
Oil-palm fruits |
3.6 |
|
Maize |
9.6 |
Maize |
3.5 |
|
Sorghum |
5.6 |
Sorghum |
0.7 |
|
Sahel West Africa |
||||
Groundnuts |
10.7 |
Groundnuts |
11.4 |
Moderate |
Millet |
33.7 |
Millet |
27.0 |
High |
Sorghum |
28.1 |
Sorghum |
5.0 |
Marginal |
Rice |
3.0 |
Rice |
6.8 |
Marginal |
Vegetables |
0.9 |
Vegetables |
26.9 |
High |
Fruits |
39.5 |
Fruits |
4.9 |
Insignificant |
Coastal West Africa |
||||
Cocoa |
52.6 |
Cocoa |
7.3 |
Marginal |
Cassava |
10.8 |
Cassava |
10.1 |
Moderate |
Yams |
7.9 |
Yams |
50.0 |
High |
Maize |
15.9 |
Maize |
0.3 |
Insignificant |
Fruits |
22.4 |
Fruits |
9.6 |
Marginal |
Vegetables |
4.7 |
Vegetables |
9.3 |
Marginal |
Millet |
14.7 |
Millet |
0.7 |
Insignificant |
Rice |
9.0 |
Rice |
0.8 |
|
Sorghum |
17.8 |
Sorghum |
0.3 |
|
East Africa |
||||
Fruits |
26.5 |
Fruits |
46.8 |
High |
Coffee |
12.5 |
Coffee |
6.1 |
Marginal |
Maize |
12.9 |
Maize |
5.4 |
Marginal |
Vegetables |
0.9 |
Vegetables |
13.3 |
Moderate |
Millet |
7.3 |
Millet |
1.8 |
Insignificant |
Pulses |
7.9 |
Pulses |
4.6 |
|
Sorghum |
18.9 |
Sorghum |
3.4 |
|
Southern Africa |
||||
Fruits |
29.4 |
Fruits |
22.5 |
High |
Maize |
25.5 |
Maize |
13.8 |
Moderate |
Grapes |
9.6 |
Grapes |
12.0 |
Moderate |
Sugar cane |
2.5 |
Sugar cane |
17.5 |
Moderate |
Tobacco |
1.0 |
Tobacco |
6.6 |
Marginal |
Vegetables |
1.5 |
Vegetables |
13.7 |
Moderate |
Coffee |
12.0 |
Coffee |
0.2 |
Insignificant |
Estimates are based on data extracted from FAOSTAT (2002); Note: '-'stands for figures less than five percent; * percent of the crop's harvested area in sub-regional land area, average 1996-2000; ** percent of the crop's output trade value in the sub-regional total output trade value, average 1996-2000; *** The following scale of the extent of production and trade potential has been considered: <5% insignificant; 5.0% -10% marginal; 10.1% -25% moderate; > 25% high.
43. In addition to potentially competitive sub-regional crops, country-specific crops have also been identified for countries in which they play a significant role in the economy and trade, even though they are not representative at sub-regional level (Box 2). Country-specific crops and potentially competitive sub-regional crops are shown by sub-region in Tables 2-6.
Box 2. Potentially competitive country-specific crops
North Africa |
grapes (Algeria and Egypt), potatoes (Algeria), pulses (Mauritania) and rice (Egypt and Mauritania) |
East Africa |
pulses (Burundi, Tanzania), millet (Eritrea), potatoes (Eritrea), sugar cane (Kenya), sorghum (Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia) and wheat (Eritrea and Ethiopia) |
Central Africa |
cocoa (Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Saõ Tomé and Principé), coffee (Cameroon, Central African Republic and Equatorial Guinea), oil-palm fruit (Equatorial Guinea, Saõ Tomé and Principé and Central African Republic), sugar cane (Republic of Congo and Gabon) and sesame (Central African Republic) |
Coastal West Africa |
coffee (Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone), groundnuts (Guinea and Guinea-Bissau), oil-palm fruits (Guinea, Guinea-Bissau and Liberia) and rice (Guinea, Guinea-Bissau and Liberia) |
Sahel West Africa |
maize (Burkina Faso, Mali and Cape Verde), seed cotton (Burkina Faso and Mali), cassava (Gambia, Senegal, Cape Verde and Niger) and fruits (Senegal and Cape Verde) |
Southern Africa |
sunflower (Botswana), potatoes (Lesotho and Malawi), rice (Madagascar), millet (Namibia) and wheat (Lesotho) |
Table 2. North Africa: Selection of potentially competitive crops based on crop's percentage share in the sub-regional and national output (expressed in world trade unit value)
Crops |
Algeria |
Egypt |
Libya |
Mauritania |
Morocco |
Tunisia |
Sub-region |
Fruits |
20.9 |
21.0 |
16.9 |
25.2 |
24.3 |
12.8 |
20.5 |
Grapes |
5.1 |
5.6 |
3.1 |
- |
4.4 |
2.9 |
4.9 |
Maize |
- |
4.7 |
- |
2.5 |
0.5 |
0.0 |
2.6 |
Olives |
13.1 |
2.4 |
27.0 |
- |
18.2 |
46.0 |
12.9 |
Potatoes |
6.5 |
2.5 |
3.7 |
0.4 |
4.1 |
1.6 |
3.2 |
Pulses |
0.4 |
1.0 |
0.6 |
22.4 |
1.3 |
0.7 |
1.0 |
Rice |
- |
7.3 |
- |
32.4 |
0.1 |
- |
4.0 |
Vegetables |
46.9 |
48.1 |
46.0 |
14.3 |
37.9 |
30.9 |
43.8 |
Wheat |
7.1 |
5.5 |
1.7 |
0.1 |
8.4 |
5.0 |
6.0 |
Estimates are based on production and trade data (average 1996-2000) extracted from FAOSTAT (2002). Note: shading stands for 'potentially competitive sub-regional crops', whereas bold and italic cells stand for 'potentially competitive country-specific crops'. Groundnuts, seed cotton, sesame seed, soybean and sunflower are not shown in the table, representing under 1 percent of sub-region's total production value.
Table 3. East Africa: Selection of potentially competitive crops based on percentage share in sub-regional and national output (expressed in world trade unit value)
Crops |
Burundi |
Djibouti |
Eritrea |
Ethiopia |
Kenya |
Rwanda |
Seychelles |
Somalia |
Sudan |
Tanzania |
Uganda |
Sub-region |
Coffee |
3.9 |
- |
- |
20.6 |
6.4 |
2.0 |
- |
- |
- |
3.3 |
6.6 |
6.1 |
Fruits |
70.5 |
10.6 |
3.2 |
5.3 |
21.4 |
79.7 |
43.3 |
49.3 |
16.3 |
36.9 |
76.0 |
46.8 |
Groundnuts |
0.6 |
- |
1.8 |
0.3 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
- |
0.9 |
21.3 |
1.8 |
1.4 |
4.1 |
Maize |
1.4 |
0.0 |
2.4 |
16.2 |
11.4 |
0.5 |
- |
8.8 |
0.2 |
10.5 |
1.7 |
5.4 |
Millet |
0.2 |
- |
5.6 |
2.7 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
- |
- |
3.8 |
1.9 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
Potatoes |
0.6 |
- |
11.2 |
3.3 |
3.2 |
4.3 |
- |
- |
0.1 |
1.8 |
1.2 |
1.8 |
Pulses |
8.3 |
- |
23.7 |
13.6 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
- |
2.2 |
2.2 |
5.1 |
2.3 |
4.6 |
Sesame |
- |
- |
4.0 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
- |
7.6 |
7.7 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
1.8 |
Sorghum |
0.6 |
- |
19.4 |
7.6 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
- |
5.5 |
11.9 |
2.6 |
0.6 |
3.4 |
Sugar cane |
1.0 |
0.0 |
- |
5.0 |
11.9 |
0.1 |
- |
5.6 |
10.9 |
2.9 |
1.4 |
4.6 |
Tobacco |
0.1 |
- |
- |
0.4 |
2.0 |
0.7 |
- |
0.1 |
- |
3.7 |
0.6 |
1.1 |
Vegetables |
11.6 |
89.3 |
24.1 |
15.8 |
16.2 |
5.9 |
39.3 |
19.5 |
21.9 |
24.7 |
4.5 |
13.3 |
Wheat |
0.1 |
- |
4.5 |
8.0 |
1.3 |
0.1 |
- |
0.1 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
0.0 |
1.5 |
Estimates are based on production and trade data extracted from FAOSTAT (2002). Note: shading stands for 'potentially competitive sub-regional crops', whereas bold and italic cells stand for 'potentially competitive country-specific crops'. Seed cotton, soybean and sunflower are not shown in the table, representing under 1 percent of sub-region's total production value.
Table 4. Central Africa (excluding Chad): Selection of potentially competitive crops based on percentage share in sub-regional and national output (expressed in world trade unit value)
Crops |
Cameroon |
Central African Republic |
Democratic Republic of Congo |
Republic of Congo |
Equatorial Guinea |
Gabon |
Saõ Tomé and Principé |
Sub-region |
Cassava |
6.1 |
12.8 |
40.5 |
27.4 |
8.9 |
9.1 |
1.9 |
24.5 |
Cocoa beans |
5.4 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.8 |
13.0 |
0.4 |
19.7 |
2.3 |
Coffee, green |
6.7 |
7.0 |
3.2 |
1.1 |
15.4 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
4.6 |
Fruits |
43.6 |
31.8 |
26.6 |
39.4 |
53.7 |
66.9 |
45.9 |
35.1 |
Groundnuts |
3.2 |
17.6 |
7.3 |
5.8 |
- |
5.5 |
- |
6.2 |
Maize |
3.6 |
2.7 |
3.9 |
0.4 |
- |
1.4 |
1.1 |
3.5 |
Oil-palm fruit |
4.5 |
1.7 |
3.0 |
4.1 |
9.1 |
1.8 |
14.1 |
3.6 |
Pulses |
1.9 |
2.4 |
1.7 |
1.0 |
- |
0.0 |
- |
1.7 |
Rice |
0.4 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
0.1 |
- |
0.1 |
- |
1.2 |
Sesame |
0.4 |
6.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
|
|
|
0.7 |
Sugar cane |
3.0 |
1.3 |
2.8 |
10.2 |
- |
5.2 |
- |
3.1 |
Vegetables |
16.4 |
11.4 |
7.3 |
9.4 |
- |
9.2 |
16.9 |
11.0 |
Estimates are based on production and trade data extracted from FAOSTAT (2002). Note: shading stands for 'potentially competitive sub-regional crops', whereas bold and italic cells stand for 'potentially competitive country-specific crops'. Millet, potatoes, seed cotton, sesame seed, sorghum, soybean, tea and tobacco leaves and sunflower are not shown in the table, representing under one percent of sub-region's total production value.
Table 5. Southern Africa: Selection of potentially competitive crops based on percentage share in sub-regional and national output (expressed in world trade unit value)
Crops |
Angola |
Botswana |
Comoros |
Lesotho |
Madagascar |
Malawi |
Mauritius |
Mozambique |
Namibia |
South Africa |
Swaziland |
Zambia |
Zimbabwe |
Sub-region |
Cassava |
83.2 |
- |
52.1 |
- |
58.5 |
30.5 |
0.0 |
87.6 |
- |
- |
- |
59.8 |
8.7 |
0.8 |
Coffee |
0.2 |
- |
0.2 |
- |
3.3 |
0.3 |
- |
0.1 |
- |
- |
- |
0.4 |
1.1 |
0.2 |
Fruits |
6.9 |
16.2 |
34.4 |
10.5 |
11.3 |
10.8 |
1.6 |
3.1 |
18.8 |
27.0 |
14.1 |
3.9 |
5.5 |
22.5 |
Grape |
0.4 |
- |
- |
- |
0.3 |
- |
- |
0.0 |
9.7 |
15.6 |
- |
- |
0.1 |
12.0 |
Groundnuts |
0.3 |
1.7 |
0.6 |
- |
0.6 |
2.7 |
0.1 |
1.6 |
0.4 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
2.6 |
4.6 |
2.1 |
Maize |
1.6 |
4.9 |
0.5 |
31.2 |
0.5 |
10.0 |
0.0 |
2.3 |
9.5 |
13.6 |
4.5 |
9.1 |
13.6 |
13.8 |
Millet |
0.6 |
2.2 |
- |
- |
- |
0.2 |
- |
0.2 |
34.7 |
0.0 |
- |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.4 |
Potatoes |
0.1 |
- |
0.2 |
22.7 |
1.4 |
11.1 |
0.8 |
0.2 |
- |
3.7 |
0.4 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
2.9 |
Pulses |
0.7 |
20.1 |
4.0 |
6.5 |
0.8 |
3.3 |
0.0 |
0.9 |
6.9 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.9 |
0.5 |
Sorghum |
- |
10.8 |
- |
5.3 |
- |
- |
- |
0.5 |
1.9 |
0.5 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
Sugar cane |
0.6 |
- |
- |
- |
3.4 |
4.6 |
82.9 |
0.4 |
- |
15.8 |
75.1 |
7.3 |
14.4 |
17.5 |
Sunflower |
0.1 |
5.4 |
- |
- |
- |
0.1 |
- |
0.1 |
0.1 |
2.2 |
- |
0.2 |
0.4 |
1.8 |
Tobacco |
0.3 |
- |
- |
- |
0.3 |
14.2 |
0.6 |
0.2 |
- |
1.0 |
0.0 |
0.7 |
36.2 |
6.6 |
Vegetables |
4.6 |
36.4 |
4.0 |
17.2 |
5.4 |
6.2 |
13.1 |
1.7 |
14.6 |
14.9 |
2.1 |
12.1 |
4.8 |
13.7 |
Wheat |
0.0 |
0.4 |
- |
6.5 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
- |
- |
1.6 |
3.6 |
0.0 |
0.8 |
2.3 |
3.2 |
Estimates are based on production and trade data extracted from FAOSTAT (2002). Note: shading stands for 'potentially competitive sub-regional crops', whereas bold and italic cells stand for 'potentially competitive country-specific crops'. Coffee, paddy rice, seed cotton, sesame and tea are not shown in the table, representing under 1 percent of sub-region's total production value.
Table 6. Coastal West Africa: Selection of potentially competitive crops based on percentage share in sub-regional and national output (expressed in world trade unit value)
Crops |
Benin |
Côte d'Ivoire |
Ghana |
Guinea |
Guinea-Bissau |
Liberia |
Nigeria |
Sierra Leone |
Togo |
Sub-region |
Cassava |
12.8 |
2.5 |
16.2 |
8.3 |
5.0 |
19.1 |
10.9 |
8.1 |
8.3 |
10.0 |
Cocoa beans |
0.0 |
32.0 |
14.4 |
1.0 |
- |
1.7 |
1.8 |
5.8 |
2.0 |
7.3 |
Coffee, green |
0.1 |
15.0 |
0.5 |
10.0 |
- |
8.5 |
0.1 |
31.4 |
10.6 |
2.9 |
Fruits |
4.1 |
9.2 |
15.3 |
30.4 |
37.1 |
26.7 |
8.8 |
14.6 |
2.0 |
9.6 |
Groundnuts |
3.2 |
1.2 |
2.2 |
9.7 |
16.7 |
1.4 |
4.8 |
5.0 |
2.6 |
3.9 |
Oil-palm fruit |
0.9 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
6.0 |
9.4 |
7.4 |
1.9 |
4.4 |
1.1 |
1.9 |
Rice |
0.1 |
1.2 |
0.3 |
5.1 |
11.0 |
6.7 |
0.7 |
- |
0.7 |
0.8 |
Seed Cotton |
1.3 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
- |
0.1 |
5.2 |
1.1 |
0.2 |
Sesame Seed |
0.4 |
0.0 |
- |
0.0 |
0.0 |
- |
0.1 |
0.4 |
0.1 |
2.2 |
Vegetables |
7.7 |
3.6 |
6.3 |
20.9 |
18.0 |
19.6 |
10.8 |
24.1 |
7.8 |
9.3 |
Yams |
68.2 |
31.3 |
42.1 |
6.3 |
- |
8.3 |
58.0 |
- |
59.4 |
50.0 |
Estimates are based on production and trade data extracted from FAOSTAT (2002). Note: shading stands for 'potentially competitive sub-regional crops', whereas bold and italic cells stand for 'potentially competitive country-specific crops'. Maize, millet, sorghum, soybean, sugar cane and tobacco leaves are not shown in the table, representing under 1 percent of sub-region's total production value.
Table 7. Sahel West Africa: Selection of potentially competitive crops based on percentage share in sub-regional and national output (expressed in world trade unit value)
Crops |
Burkina Faso |
Cape Verde |
Gambia |
Mali |
Niger |
Senegal |
Sub-region |
Cassava |
0.2 |
12.6 |
6.0 |
1.0 |
11.9 |
6.5 |
1.0 |
Fruits |
4.2 |
33.2 |
2.2 |
2.5 |
2.4 |
6.1 |
4.9 |
Groundnuts |
21.5 |
- |
62.9 |
12.7 |
8.1 |
46.9 |
11.4 |
Maize |
6.5 |
8.2 |
1.8 |
5.2 |
0.1 |
0.7 |
3.6 |
Millet |
21.9 |
- |
15.3 |
17.9 |
38.2 |
10.1 |
27.0 |
Rice |
2.3 |
- |
5.0 |
16.5 |
1.2 |
3.4 |
6.8 |
Seed Cotton |
6.3 |
- |
0.2 |
11.0 |
0.2 |
0.5 |
4.9 |
Sorghum |
14.5 |
- |
1.8 |
7.4 |
4.4 |
1.3 |
5.0 |
Sugar cane |
2.7 |
3.4 |
- |
2.1 |
0.9 |
4.8 |
3.3 |
Vegetables |
15.1 |
41.3 |
4.9 |
21.5 |
31.1 |
19.3 |
26.9 |
Yams |
3.7 |
- |
- |
1.9 |
- |
- |
1.5 |
Estimates based on production and trade data extracted from FAOSTAT (2002). Note: shading stands for potentially competitive sub-regional crops, whereas bold and italic cells stand for 'potentially competitive country-specific crops'. Potatoes, sesame seed, soybean and tobacco leaves are not shown in the table, representing under 1 percent of sub-region's total production value.
Table 8. Sub-regional vis-à-vis global and world leaders' annual yields (metric tonnes per ha) and gross income per ha (expressed in world trade unit value, average 1996-2000)
Priority Crop |
Sub-region |
MT/ha |
US$/ha |
Cassava |
Central* Africa |
7.8 |
744 |
Coastal West Africa |
10.3 |
978 |
|
Brazil |
12.8 |
1 212 |
|
Indonesia |
12.2 |
1 161 |
|
Thailand |
15.2 |
1 447 |
|
World |
10.1 |
959 |
|
Cocoa |
Coastal West Africa |
0.5 |
583 |
Indonesia |
1.1 |
1 346 |
|
Malaysia |
0.8 |
1 010 |
|
World |
0.5 |
587 |
|
Coffee |
East Africa |
0.7 |
1 472 |
Colombia |
0.7 |
1 532 |
|
Brazil |
0.7 |
1 570 |
|
World |
0.7 |
1 335 |
|
Fruits |
Central* Africa |
6.4 |
3 459 |
Coastal West Africa |
5.3 |
2 849 |
|
East Africa |
5.7 |
3 040 |
|
North Africa |
9.5 |
5 128 |
|
Chad |
4.0 |
2 163 |
|
Southern Africa |
10.6 |
5 696 |
|
EU (15) |
10.3 |
5 544 |
|
USA |
23.6 |
12 686 |
|
Grapes |
World |
9.4 |
5 039 |
Southern Africa |
9.7 |
9 349 |
|
Chile |
12.6 |
12 182 |
|
EU (15) |
7.5 |
7 254 |
|
USA |
16.8 |
16 234 |
|
Groundnuts |
World |
8.1 |
7 840 |
Central* Africa |
0.7 |
491 |
|
Chad |
1.0 |
706 |
|
Sahel West Africa |
0.8 |
720 |
|
India |
1.0 |
734 |
|
USA |
2.9 |
2 093 |
|
Maize |
World |
1.4 |
1 002 |
East Africa |
1.5 |
188 |
|
Southern |
1.8 |
230 |
|
Africa |
|
|
|
USA |
8.3 |
1 075 |
|
World |
4.3 |
557 |
|
Millet |
Chad |
0.4 |
90 |
Sahel West Africa |
0.5 |
219 |
|
India |
0.8 |
176 |
|
World |
0.8 |
169 |
|
Olives |
North Africa |
1.1 |
10 239 |
EU (15) |
2.3 |
6 263 |
|
Greece |
2.9 |
3 826 |
|
Italy |
2.7 |
2 035 |
|
World |
1.9 |
4 904 |
|
Rice |
Chad |
1.4 |
318 |
Sahel West Africa |
2.1 |
227 |
|
Italy |
6.0 |
1 367 |
|
Thailand |
2.5 |
556 |
|
USA |
6.7 |
1 518 |
|
Vietnam |
4.0 |
906 |
|
World |
3.9 |
873 |
|
Seed Cotton |
Chad |
0.7 |
150 |
China |
3.0 |
696 |
|
India |
0.7 |
164 |
|
USA |
1.9 |
431 |
|
World |
1.6 |
373 |
|
Yams |
Coastal West Africa |
10.1 |
8 217 |
Brazil |
9.2 |
5 716 |
|
World |
9.7 |
6 031 |
|
Sorghum |
Chad |
0.6 |
74 |
Sahel West Africa |
0.5 |
116 |
|
India |
0.9 |
98 |
|
World |
1.4 |
166 |
|
Sugar cane |
Southern Africa |
69.0 |
4 414 |
Cuba |
33.0 |
2 109 |
|
World |
64.6 |
4 135 |
|
Tobacco |
Southern Africa |
2.2 |
6 686 |
USA |
2.4 |
7 255 |
|
World |
1.6 |
4 942 |
|
Vegetables |
Central* Africa |
7.0 |
4 347 |
Coastal West Africa |
5.5 |
3 402 |
|
East Africa |
6.5 |
4 057 |
|
North Africa |
19.2 |
12 000 |
|
Chad |
10.4 |
6 469 |
|
Sahel West Africa |
10.5 |
622 |
|
Southern Africa |
10.4 |
6 465 |
|
USA |
26.8 |
16 647 |
|
World |
16.1 |
10 005 |
|
Wheat |
North Africa |
1.9 |
279 |
Australia |
2.0 |
294 |
|
Canada |
2.4 |
353 |
|
EU (15) |
5.8 |
862 |
|
USA |
2.7 |
408 |
|
World |
2.7 |
402 |
Estimates are based on yields per ha and trade unit values extracted form FAOSTAT (2002). Note: * Central Africa (excluding Chad)