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8. REFERENCES

Aarnink, B.H.M. (1997), Fish and cassave are equally important in livelihood strategies of women in Mweru-Luapula Fishery. DoF/ML/1997/Report no. 40, Department of Fisheries, Nchelenge, Zambia.

Aarnink, B.H.M. (1999a), Socio-political struggles over fish, in Towards negotiated co-management of natural resources in Africa, Venema, B., Breemer, H.v.d. (eds.), LIT Verlag, Muenster, 275-304.

Aarnink, N. (1999b), The politics of common resource management in Zambia’s Mweru-Luapula fishery, in Co-managing the commons: setting the stage in malin and Zambia, Hilhorst, T., Aarnink, N. (eds.), Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Amsterdam.

Aarnink, B.H.M., Kapasa, C.K. & Zwieten, P.A.M. van (1993), “Our children will suffer”: present status and problems of Mweru-Luapula fisheries and the need for a conservation and management action plan. RAF/87/099-TD/50/93 (En), UNDP/FAO Regional Project for Inland Fisheries Planning (IFIP), Bujumbura, Rwanda.

Anon. (1996), Zambia-Zaïre joint meeting in the Mweru-Luapula Fisheries held on 23.07.1996 in Nchelenge (Zambia) - Réunion mixte Zaïro-Zambienne sur la Pêche de Moëro-Luapula tenue le 23.07.1996 à Nchelenge (Zambie). DOF/ML/1996/Report no. 39, Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries, Nchelenge.

Bagemal, T.B. (1978), Methods for Assessment of Fish Production in Fresh Waters. IBPHandbook No 3, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.

Bazigos, G.P. (1974), The design of fisheries statistical surveys - inland waters. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 133, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Rome.

Bazigos, G.P., Grant, C. & Williams, C. (1975a), The new fisheries statistical system for Zambia. Fisheries Training Development Project ZAM/73/009 St.S./2, FAO, Rome.

Bazigos, G.P., Grant, C. & Williams, C. (1975b), Revised fisheries time series of the natural waters of Zambia (1966-1974). Fisheries Training Development Project ZAM/73/009 St.S./3, FAO, Rome.

Benneker, C. (1995), Present status of the chisense fishery (Mesobola brevianalis) at the Bangweulu complex. MSc, Dept. Of Terrestrial Ecology and Nature Conservation, Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen.

Benneker, C. (1996), “Hunting fish under floating islands”. Fishermen’s knowledge of the Bangweulu Swamps Fishery. MsC, Department of Terrestrial Ecology and Nature Conservation, Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen.

Bos, A.R. (1995), A limnological survey on Lake Mweru, Zambia. DOF/ML/1995/ 27, Department of Fisheries, Nchelenge, Zambia.

Cyr, H., Downing, J.A. & Peters, R.H. (1997), Density-body size relationships in local aquatic communities, Oikos, 79, 333-346

Gordon, D.M. (2000), The making of a hinterland. Environment and politics in Mweru-Luapula from the 1880s to the 1990s. PhD, Department of History, Princeton University, Princeton.

Gordon, D.M. (2003), The beneficiaries of a tragedy. Environmental economics in Mweru-Luapula’s fishery (Zambia and Democratic Republic of Congo), In Management, co-management or no-management. Major dilemmas in southern African freshwater fisheries, Jul-Larsen, E., Kolding, J., Overa, R., Nielsen, J.R., Zwieten, P.v. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 426/2, FAO.

Goudswaard, P.C. (1999), A dynamic fishery in Zambia. A case of change in the Mweru-Luapula fishery. Report of a frame survey in 1997. SNV, Netherlands Development Organization; DoF, Department of Fisheries, Government of Zambia, Nchelenge, Zambia.

Jul-Larsen, E., Kolding, J., Overa, R., Raakjoer Nielsen, J., & Zwieten, P.A.M. van. (2003), Management, comanagement or nomanagement. Major dilemmas in southtern African freshwater fisheries. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 426/1, FAO, Rome.

Kapasa, C.K. (1998), Selective fishing of Alestes macrophthalmus (Alestiidae) using gillnets of small mesh sizes at fish aggregating devices (FADs) in the Mweru-Luapula fishery, Northern Zambia. Mphil, Department of Fisheries and Marine Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen.

Kimpe, P.D. de (1964), Contribution à l’étude hydrobiologique du Luapula-Moero. Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren.

Kolding, J. (1994), Plus ça change, plus c’est la même chose. On the ecology and exploitation of fish in fluctuating tropical environments. Dr. Scient., Department of Fisheries and Marine Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

Kolding, J. (1999), PASGEAR. Adata base package for experimental or artisanal fishery data from passive gears. An introductory manual.

Kolding, J., Ticheler, H. & Chanda, B. (1996), Assessment of the Bangweulu swamps fisheries. University of Bergen/SNV/DoF Zambia/WWF Bangweulu Wetlands Project, Bergen.

Millar, R.B. (1992), Estimating the size selectivity of fishing gear by conditioning on the total catch, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 87, 962-968.

Millar, R.B. & Holst, R. (1997), Estimation of gillnet and hook selectivity using log-liner model, ICES Journal of Marine Science, 54, 471-477

Millar, R.B., Fryer, R.J. (1999), Estimating the size-selection curves of towed gears, traps, nets and hooks, Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 9, 89-116.

Musambachime, M.C. (1981), Development and growth of the fishing industry in Mweru-Luapula 1920-1964. PhD Thesis, University of Wisconson, Madison, (mimeo pag.var.).

Musambachime, M.C. (1987), The fate of the Nile crocodile in African waterways, African Affairs, 86, 197-207.

Pope, J.G., Shepherd, J.G. & Webb, J. (1994), Successful surf-riding on size spectra: the secret of survival in the sea. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 343, 41-49.

Rice, J. & Gislason, H. (1996), Patterns of change in the size spectra of numbers and diversity of the North Sea fish assemblage, as reflected in surveys and models,ICES Journal of Marine Science, 53, 1214-1225

Rich, L.M. (1986), The genus Chrisychthys Bleeker 1858. PhD, University of Leuven, Leuven.

Schwank, E. (1994), Behaviour and colour differences between Oreochromis macrochir and O. mweruensis (Teleostei: Cichlidae), Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, 5 (3), 267-280.

Scullion, J. (1985), Development of the sardine fishery. Lake Mweru, Zambia. Final report prepared for the states of Jersey Overseas Aid Committee, St. Helier, C.I. Department of Fisheries, Nchelenge, Zambia.

Ticheler, H.J., Kolding, J. & Chanda, B. (1998), Participation of local fishermen in scientific fisheries data collection: a case study from Bangweulu swamps, Zambia. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 5, 81-92.

Welcomme, R.L. (1999), Areview of a model for qualitative evaluation of exploitation levels in multi-species fisheries. Fisheries Management and Ecology [Fish Manage Ecol] 6, 1-19.

Zwieten, P.A.M. van & Kapasa, C.K. (1995), Lake Mweru-Luapula. Analysis of the Gillnet survey 1994. DoF/ML/1996 24, Department of Fisheries, Nchelenge, Zambia.

Zwieten, P.A.M. van & Kapasa, C.K. (1996), Analysis of the Gillnet surveys of 1982-1985 and 1994 to 1996. DoF/ML/1996 37, Department of Fisheries, Nchelenge, Zambia.

Zwieten, P.A.M. van & Njaya, F. (2003), Environmental variability, effort development and the regenerative capacity of the fish stocks in Lake Chilwa, Malawi, in Management, co-management or no-management. Major dilemmas in southern African freshwater freshwater fisheries, Jul-Larsen, E., Kolding, J., Overa, R., Nielsen, J.R., Zwieten, P.v. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 426/2, FAO, Rome.

Zwieten, P.A.M. van, Aarnink, B.H.M. & Kapasa, C.K. (1995), How diverse a fishery can be! Structure of the Mweru-Luapula fishery based on an analysis of the Fram Survey 1992 and a characterisation of the present management strategies. DoF/ML/1996 25, Department of Fisheries, Nchelenge, Zambia.

Zwieten, P.A.M. van, Njaya, F. & Weyl, O.L.F. (2003), Effort development and the decline of the fisheries of Lake Malombe: does environmental variability matter? in Management, co-management or no-management. Major dilemmas in southern African freshwater fisherie, Jul-Larsen, E., Kolding, J., Overa, R., Nielsen, J.R., Zwieten, P.v, FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 426/2, FAO, Rome.

Zwieten, P.A.M. van, Aarnink, B.H.M., Kapasa, C.K. & Ngalande, P. (1996), The biology, fishery and trade of chisense from Mweru-Luapula. DoF/ML/1996 31, Department of Fisheries, Nchelenge, Zambia.

Appendix

LIST OFSPECIES OFLAKE MWERU MENTIONED IN THE TEXTWITH LOCAL AND ENGLISH NAMES

Family

Species

Local name (Bemba)

English name

Cichlidae

Oreochromis mweruensis

Pale

Green headed bream

Tilapia rendalli

Chituku

Red breasted bream

Serranochromis macrocephalus

Makobo


Serranochromis stappersii

Makobo/Impanda matete


Tylochromis mylodon

Ntembwa


Mormyridae

Mormyrops longirostris

Kafutwe

Elephantfish

Mormyrus anguilloides

Mulobe


Marcusenius monteiri

Lusa


Marcusenius macrolepidotus

Lububu


Alestidae

Hydrocynus vittatus

Imanda

Tiger fish

Alestes macrophthalmus

Misebele

Torpedo robber

Cyprinidae

Opsaridium zambezense

Mutande

Carp like fishes

Labeo altivelis

Mpumbu

Luapula salmon

Schilbeidae

Schilbe mystus

Lupata

African butterfish

Schilbe banguelensis

Ibanga


Clariidae

Heterobranchus boulengeri

Katondwa

Catfishes

Clarias gariepinus

Muta


Clarias theodorae

Milonge


Clarias buthupogon

Milonge


Clarias ngamensis

Akabukula


Mochokidae

Synodontis species

Bongwe

Sqeakers

Bagridae

Chrysichthys sharpii

Imonde

Bagrid catfishes

Auchenoglanis occidentalis

Mbowa


Clupeidae

Microthrissa moeruensis

Chisense

Freshwater herring


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