1. Opening of the Expert Consultation
2. Welcome by Ichiro Nomura, Assistant Director-General, Fisheries Department
3. Nomination of Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson of the meeting and plenary sessions
4. Review of the FAO draft proposal for the report of the Consultation. Discussion and decision on the structure of the report to be produced by the Consultation
5. Constitution of the Working Groups, attribution of duties and designation of chairperson/moderator and rapporteur for each Working Group
6. Split into Working Groups. Drafting of report in Working Groups
7. Plenary: Working Groups present progress reports and discussion
8. Secretariat consolidates draft report
9. Plenary discussion on draft report
10. Plenary discussion/adoption of draft report
APPENDIX B
|
AUSTRALIA |
Milani CHALOUPKA |
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INDIA |
Kartik SHANKER |
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Sebastian MATHEW |
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INDONESIA |
Creusa HITIPEUW |
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JAPAN |
Hideki NAKANO |
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Daisuke SHIODE |
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MEXICO |
R. MÁRQUEZ |
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NORWAY |
Svein LOEKKEBORG |
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SPAIN |
Juan Antonio CAMIÑAS |
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA |
David F. HOGAN |
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Peter DUTTON |
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Document |
Title |
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1 |
Sea turtles population dynamics, with special emphasis on sources of mortality and relative importance of fisheries impacts - Atlantic Ocean (René Marquez) |
|
2 |
Sea turtles of the Mediterranean Sea: population dynamics, sources of mortality and relative importance of fisheries impacts (Juan Camiñas) |
|
3 |
Marine turtle status and conservation in the Indian Ocean (K. Shanker) |
|
4 |
Status of sea turtle stocks in the Pacific (M. Chaloupka, P. Dutton and H. Nakano) |
|
5a |
A review of existing and potential longline gear modifications to reduce sea turtle mortality (Svein Loekkeborg) |
|
5b |
A review of development, modification, and implementation of TED (Turtle Excluder Device) to reduce sea turtle bycatch in trawl fisheries (Daisuke Shiode and Tadashi Tokai) |
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5c |
Reducing turtle mortality in shrimp-trawl fisheries in Australia, Kuwait and Iran.(Steve Eayrs) |
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6 |
Management experiences in implementing sea turtle avoidance and mitigation measures in commercial fisheries (David F. Hogan) |
|
7 |
Aligning and integrating incentive strategics - Creating win-win solutions for turtle protection (Creusa Hitipeuw and Lida Pet Soede) |
|
8 |
Socio-economic aspects of management measures aimed at controlling sea turtle mortality: a case study of Orissa, India (Sebastian Mathew) |
|
9 |
What can be done to restore Pacific turtle populations? The Bellagio Blueprint for Action on Pacific Sea Turtles (6 January 2004) |
Distinguished experts,
It is my pleasure to welcome you to this Expert Consultation on "Interactions between Sea Turtles and Fisheries within an Ecosystem Context".
It is only recently that the issue of sea turtles conservation and interaction with fishing operations was brought to FAO's attention and raised at the twenty-fourth Session of the FAO Committee on Fisheries in 2001 and more so at its twenty-fith session last year. Previous activities related to sea turtles were mainly related to producing catalogues on taxonomy, biology and geographic distribution as part of the FAO Species Identification Programme. In connection with the twenty-fifth session of the Committee on Fisheries however, it was agreed "that while taking into consideration existing work on sea turtle interactions and conservation, a Technical Consultation should be held in Bangkok, Thailand in 2004". The scope of the Technical Consultation is largely related to identifying those fisheries where sea turtle mortality should urgently be addressed and, if relevant, it may recommend appropriate management actions. This Expert Consultation is meant to provide technical input and recommendations to the FAO Secretariat that will bring it forward to the Technical Consultation, tentatively scheduled to take place in November this year.
Inclusion of conservation considerations in fisheries management is not a new development. Although sea turtles are not specifically addressed, clear conservation elements can already be found in the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention. The FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, adopted in 1995, calls for a sustainable use of aquatic ecosystems and requires that fishing be conducted "with due regard" for the environment. It also addresses specifically biodiversity issues and conservation of endangered species and in so doing, calls for the catch of non-target species, both fish and non-fish species, to be minimized. It promotes maintenance, safeguarding and conservation of biodiversity by minimizing fisheries impacts on biodiversity. These concepts were reiterated and reinforced in the Reykjavik Declaration on Responsible Fisheries in the Ecosystem in 2001.
Because of these developments, the FAO Fisheries Department has initiated a number of global instruments aimed at facilitating compliance with the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. These include the International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks, the International Plan of Action for Reducing Incidental Catch of Seabirds in Longline Fisheries and the International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity. All of these international instruments have a strong conservation component.
This Expert Consultation will be an important further step for FAO into the field of sea turtle management and conservation. FAO is therefore looking to you to provide a good synthesis of available knowledge on the issue of interactions between sea turtle and fisheries and to make recommendations as regards the way forward. We expect that these recommendations will be discussed at the Technical Consultation later this year and will provide important information for that group as they deliberate on future national, regional and global action in relation to fisheries and sea turtles. It is essential, for the benefit of sea turtles but also for fisheries and fishing communities around the world, that the information provided is of the highest possible quality in terms of being representative and factual and that the suggested way forward should be pragmatic, effective and applicable.
I wish you a very productive week and trust you will be able to achieve these very ambitious goals.
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Hazards |
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egg |
|
habitats |
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Coastal |
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Offshore |
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Ocean |
Species |
Stock |
Pop trend |
Status |
harvest |
predation |
beach |
foraging |
take |
gill |
trawl |
long |
demer |
set |
traps |
long |
seine |
Source |
|
Pacific |
loggerheads |
north |
declining |
Severely depleted |
L |
L |
H |
L |
H |
H |
H |
H |
? |
H |
NA |
M (H) |
L |
Kamezaki et al. 2003 |
| |
|
south |
declining |
Severely depleted |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
H |
H |
H |
? |
H |
NA |
H |
L |
Chaloupka (2003), Limpus & Limpus (2003) |
| |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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| |
leatherback |
EP |
declining |
critical |
M (H) |
L |
L |
L |
L |
H |
L |
H |
L |
L |
NA |
H |
L |
Spotila et al. (1996) |
| |
|
Malaysia |
near extinction |
critical |
H |
H |
M |
L |
M |
H |
L |
H? |
L |
H |
NA |
M |
L |
Chan, Liew & Mazlan (1988), Chan & Liew (1996) |
| |
|
WP |
declining |
threatened |
H |
H |
M |
L |
M |
H |
L |
H? |
L |
H |
NA |
M |
L |
Hitipeuw & Maturbongs (2002) |
| |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
| |
hawksbills |
Malaysia |
stable |
Threatened |
M |
L |
? |
M |
M |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
Pilcher & Ali (1999), Basintal (2002) |
| |
|
Australia |
declining |
Conservation concern |
L |
L |
L |
L |
H |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
Loop, Miller & Limpus (1995) |
| |
|
Solomons |
? |
Threatened |
H |
L |
L |
L |
H |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
|
| |
|
Hawaii |
stable |
Conservation concern |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
Mangel et al. (2000), |
| |
|
EP |
? |
Threatened |
M |
L |
L |
M |
H |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Seminoff et al. (2003) |
| |
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| |
greens |
SE Asia |
stable |
Threatened |
H |
L |
L |
L |
H |
? |
? |
? |
? |
L |
NA |
L |
? |
Seminoff (2002) |
| |
|
SW P |
stable |
Conservation concern |
M |
L |
L |
L |
H |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
Chaloupka & Limpus (2001) |
| |
|
CP |
increasing |
Conservation concern |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
? |
NA |
NA |
L |
NA |
Balazs & Chaloupka (2004) |
| |
|
EP |
? |
Threatened |
M |
L |
L |
L |
H |
L |
M |
M |
L |
NA |
NA |
M |
L |
Seminoff et al. (2003) |
| |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
| |
olive ridleys |
EP |
increasing |
Low Risk |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
NA |
L |
L |
Penaflores et al. (2000) |
| |
|
WP |
? |
Threatened |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
? |
H |
L |
NA |
? |
NA |
L |
L |
Poiner & Harris (1996) |
| |
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| |
flatbacks |
NA |
stable |
Conservation concern |
H |
H |
L |
L |
H |
L |
H |
L |
NA |
L |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Limpus et al. (2002) |
| |
|
EA |
stable |
Conservation concern |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
H |
L |
NA |
L |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Limpus et al. (2002) |
|
Indian |
loggerheads |
Oman |
stable |
Low Risk |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
M? |
M? |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
|
| |
|
Sri Lanka |
stable |
Conservation concern |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
M? |
M? |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
Kapurasinghe (in press) |
| |
|
KZ-Natal |
increasing |
Low Risk |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
M? |
M? |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
|
| |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
leatherback |
Sri Lanka |
stable |
Conservation concern |
L |
M |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
Kapurasinghe (in press) |
| |
|
Nicobar/Andaman |
stable |
Conservation concern |
L |
M |
M |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
Andrews, Krishnan & Biswas (2001) |
| |
|
KZ-Natal |
increasing |
Low risk |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
Hughes (1996) |
| |
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
hawksbills |
Seychelles & IO Islands |
decreasing |
severely depleted |
L |
M |
H |
M |
M |
H |
L |
M |
L |
H |
NA |
L |
L |
Mortimer (1998), Mortimer & Collie (1998) |
| |
|
NWIO |
? |
unknown |
M |
L |
L |
M |
L |
H |
H |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
|
| |
|
Sri Lanka/ Maldives/Laksh |
? |
severely depleted |
L |
L |
L |
M |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
Kapurasinghe (in press), Tripathy, Choudhury & Shanker (2002) |
| |
|
Nicobar/Andaman |
stable |
Conservation concern |
L |
L |
L |
M |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
Andrews, Krishnan & Biswas (2001) |
| |
|
NW Australia |
? |
unknown |
L |
? |
L |
M |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
greens |
Seychelles & IO Islands |
stable |
severely depleted |
L |
L |
L |
L |
M |
H |
H |
L |
L |
H |
NA |
L |
L |
Mortimer (1998), Mortimer & Collie (1998) |
| |
|
NWIO |
declining |
depleted |
L |
H |
L |
L |
M |
H |
M |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
Asrar (1999), Sunderraj, Joshua & Serebiah (2001) |
| |
|
Sri Lanka/ Maldives/Laksh |
? |
severely depleted |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
Kapurasinghe (in press), Tripathy, Choudhury & Shanker (2002) |
| |
|
Nicobar/Andaman |
stable |
Conservation concern |
L |
M |
M |
L |
L |
M |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
Andrews, Krishnan & Biswas (2001) |
| |
|
NW Australia |
? |
unknown |
? |
L |
L |
L |
H |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
|
| |
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|
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|
|
|
|
| |
olive ridleys |
WI |
? |
depleted |
L |
M |
L |
L |
L |
H |
H |
L |
? |
L |
NA |
L |
? |
Asrar (1999), Sunderraj, Joshua & Serebiah (2001) |
| |
|
ECI/SL |
declining |
threatened |
L |
M |
L |
L |
L |
H |
H |
L |
L |
? |
NA |
L |
L |
Bhupathy & Saravanan (2002), Tripathy, Shanker & Choudhury (2003), Shanker, Pandav & Choudhury (2004) |
| |
|
Nicobar/Andaman |
stable |
Conservation concern |
L |
M |
M |
L |
L |
M |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
Andrews, Krishnan & Biswas (2001) |
|
Atlantic |
loggerheads |
GoM |
stable |
depleted |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
M |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
TEWG (2000), Marquez (in press) |
| |
|
Caribbean |
? |
threatened |
L |
L |
M |
L |
L |
M |
M |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
|
| |
|
WA |
increasing |
threatened |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
M |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
TEWG (2000) |
| |
|
EA |
? |
unknown |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
NA |
? |
? |
Fretey (2001) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
leatherback |
Caribbean |
increasing |
severely depleted |
L |
L |
M |
L |
L |
M |
M? |
L |
L |
L |
L |
M? |
L |
|
| |
|
WA |
increasing |
severely depleted |
H |
L |
M |
L |
L |
M |
M? |
L? |
L |
L |
L? |
M? |
M? |
|
| |
|
EA |
? |
unknown |
M? |
L |
L |
L |
L |
M? |
L? |
L? |
L |
L |
L? |
L? |
L |
Fretey (2001) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
hawksbills |
GoM |
increasing |
severely depleted |
M |
L |
L |
M |
L |
M? |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
Marquez (in press) |
| |
|
Caribbean |
increasing |
threatened |
H |
L |
M |
M |
M |
M? |
M? |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
|
| |
|
WA |
? |
severely depleted |
H |
L |
L |
M |
L |
M? |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
|
| |
|
EA |
? |
unknown |
H |
L |
L |
M |
L |
M? |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
Fretey (2001) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
greens |
GoM |
increasing |
severely depleted |
M |
L |
L |
L |
L |
M? |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
Marquez (in press) |
| |
|
Caribbean |
increasing |
severely depleted |
H |
L |
M |
L |
H |
M? |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
|
| |
|
WA |
? |
severely depleted |
H |
L |
L |
L |
L |
M? |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
|
| |
|
EA |
? |
unknown |
H |
L |
L |
L |
L |
M? |
M? |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
Fretey (2001) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Kemp's ridleys |
GoM |
increasing |
severely depleted |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
M |
L |
L |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
TEWG (2000), Marquez (in press) |
| |
|
NWA |
increasing |
severely depleted |
NA |
NA |
NA |
L |
L |
M |
L |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
NA |
NA |
TEWG (2000), Marquez (in press) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Olive ridleys |
WA |
? |
severely depleted |
M |
M |
M |
L |
M |
M |
M |
? |
L |
? |
NA |
L |
? |
Hilterman & Goverse (2004) |
| |
|
EA |
? |
unknown |
M |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
Fretey (2001) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Medi |
loggerheads |
Mediterranean |
stable |
threatened |
L |
M |
H |
M |
L |
M |
M |
NA |
L |
L |
L |
H |
L |
Margaritoulis (1988), Margaritoulis et al. (2003), Laurent et al. (2001), Tudela et al. (2003) |
| |
greens |
Mediterranean |
stable |
critical |
L |
M |
H |
M |
L |
NA |
H |
NA |
M |
L |
L |
H |
L |
Kasparek, Godley & Broderick (2001), Godley (1998) |
| |
leatherback |
WA |
increasing |
threatened |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
M |
L |
NA |
L |
L |
L |
L |
L |
Camiñas (1998) |
