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Annex 8. Results of the macrolevel nutrient-balance calculations from a 2003 FAO study of Ghana, Kenya and Mali


TABLE A8.1
Nitrogen flows for Ghana

Crops

Area

IN1

IN2

IN3

IN4

IN5

OUT1

OUT2

OUT3

OUT4

OUT5

(ha)

(kg/ha)

Cocoa

1 242 300

0.0

0.1

8.7

4.6

0.0

12.1

0.6

4.3

1.6

10.7

Fallow

824 900

0.0

0.2

7.0

4.1

0.0

0.0

0.2

11.7

1.3

7.4

Maize

679 900

5.9

0.6

6.7

4.1

0.0

25.0

4.3

6.2

2.0

0.9

Cassava

618 100

0.6

0.2

6.8

4.1

0.0

49.9

21.8

1.8

1.4

4.6

Sorghum

323 700

1.2

0.5

6.7

4.1

0.0

15.3

3.4

6.9

1.4

2.9

Plantains

240 100

0.3

0.1

8.9

4.7

0.0

5.6

1.0

9.5

1.7

6.9

Other roots

214 500

4.1

0.2

7.2

4.2

0.0

41.2

4.3

0.8

1.8

-0.5

Groundnuts

184 800

1.3

0.5

6.8

38.8

0.0

37.5

4.8

1.6

1.4

3.8

Millet

177 900

2.2

0.6

6.7

4.0

0.0

17.0

5.4

6.8

1.5

4.4

Pulses

155 100

0.5

0.4

8.1

6.1

0.0

2.0

0.3

17.8

1.6

10.3

Vegetables

131 700

4.2

0.3

8.7

4.6

0.0

47.3

6.7

0.7

2.2

12.0

Rice

118 300

4.1

0.1

8.8

6.9

0.0

19.7

2.9

16.1

2.1

14.3

Oil-palm

107 000

1.5

0.1

8.8

4.6

0.0

27.3

3.5

0.0

1.8

16.2

Sweet potato

60 200

0.0

0.1

6.9

4.1

0.0

6.6

0.9

9.6

1.3

-1.4

Coconuts

52 100

0.0

0.1

8.8

4.7

0.0

349

15.4

0.0

1.6

16.3

Cotton

50 400

4.8

0.3

7.2

4.2

0.0

15.3

9.1

9.2

2.0

5.0

Citrus

42 500

0.0

0.1

7.4

4.3

0.0

12.7

0.4

2.0

1.3

9.3

Other fruits

19 900

0.0

0.2

8.5

4.6

0.0

15.1

5.4

1.7

1.6

16.5

Rubber

18 000

0.0

0.0

10.5

5.1

0.0

4.2

0.1

5.1

1.9

1.9

Coffee

15 200

0.0

0.0

10.7

5.1

0.0

11.3

0.1

2.0

2.0

10.5

Sugar cane

5 600

14.3

0.1

8.4

8.4

0.0

15.2

0.8

6.3

3.4

8.2

Bananas

4 600

0.0

0.1

9.0

4.7

0.0

3.9

0.5

14.3

1.6

34.6

Tobacco

2 300

0.0

0.2

4.8

3.5

0.0

33.1

0.0

2.5

0.9

0.3

TABLE A8.2
Phosphorus flows for Ghana

Crops

Area

IN1

IN2

IN3

IN5

OUT1

OUT2

OUT5

(ha)

(kg/ha)

Cocoa

1 242 300

0.0

0.0

1.2

0.0

2.6

0.1

1.0

Fallow

824 900

0.0

0.1

0.9

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.5

Maize

679 900

1.2

0.1

0.9

0.0

6.1

0.9

0.2

Cassava

618 100

0.1

0.0

0.9

0.0

5.7

4.3

0.0

Sorghum

323 700

0.2

0.1

0.9

0.0

5.8

1.4

0.1

Plantains

240 100

0.1

0.0

1.2

0.0

0.7

0.2

0.8

Other roots

214 500

1.2

0.1

1.0

0.0

2.7

1.1

0.1

Groundnuts

184 800

0.8

0.1

0.9

0.0

6.0

0.7

0.2

Millet

177 900

0.7

0.1

0.9

0.0

5.3

1.1

0.6

Pulses

155 100

0.5

0.1

1.1

0.0

0.3

0.0

1.2

Vegetables

131 700

0.8

0.1

1.2

0.0

4.8

2.9

1.3

Rice

118 300

1.0

0.0

1.2

0.0

5.8

0.6

1.7

Oil-palm

107 000

1.1

0.0

1.2

0.0

6.5

0.5

1.6

Sweet Potatoes

60 200

0.0

0.0

0.9

0.0

1.1

0.5

-0.1

Coconuts

52 100

0.0

0.0

1.2

0.0

41

3.3

1.8

Cotton

50 400

1.2

0.1

1.0

0.0

7.9

0.0

0.6

Citrus

42 500

0.0

0.0

1.0

0.0

1.5

0.2

0.9

Other fruits

19 900

0.0

0.1

1.1

0.0

1.6

0.7

1.8

Rubber

18 000

0.0

0.0

1.4

0.0

0.7

0.0

0.4

Coffee

15 200

0.0

0.0

1.4

0.0

0.8

0.1

1.4

Sugar cane

5 600

3.6

0.0

1.1

0.0

5.5

0.8

0.7

Bananas

4 600

0.0

0.0

1.2

0.0

1.0

0.1

3.3

Tobacco

2 300

0.0

0.1

0.7

0.0

4.8

0.0

0.1

TABLE A8.3
Potassium flows for Ghana

Crops

Area

IN1

IN2

IN3

IN5

OUT1

OUT2

OUT3

OUT5

(ha)

(kg/ha)

Cocoa

1 242 300

0.0

0.0

6.6

0.0

5.8

1.0

11.6

1.1

Fallow

824 900

0.0

0.2

6.1

0.0

0.0

0.2

6.6

0.9

Maize

679 900

2.4

0.4

6.1

0.0

7.1

9.6

7.3

0.2

Cassava

618 100

0.2

0.1

5.7

0.0

50.5

6.7

6.1

0.1

Sorghum

323 700

0.5

0.4

6.0

0.0

4.0

9.2

6.4

0.5

Plantains

240 100

0.6

0.0

6.6

0.0

27.2

5.1

12.1

0.6

Other roots

214 500

1.8

0.1

5.9

0.0

26.1

6.9

8.4

-0.5

Groundnuts

184 800

0.8

0.4

6.1

0.0

8.2

4.5

6.6

0.6

Millet

177 900

0.2

0.5

6.0

0.0

4.8

15.9

6.5

1.3

Pulses

155 100

0.3

0.3

6.4

0.0

1.1

0.4

10.0

0.8

Vegetables

131 700

2.1

0.2

6.5

0.0

13.6

16.5

12.2

1.3

Rice

118 300

3.0

0.0

6.6

0.0

5.8

9.1

12.4

1.3

Oil-palm

107 000

2.6

0.0

6.5

0.0

38.4

3.1

12.0

1.9

Sweet potatoes

60 200

0.0

0.1

5.8

0.0

10.0

1.3

6.9

-0.5

Coconuts

52 100

0.0

0.0

6.6

0.0

56.2

14.5

11.9

1.7

Cotton

50 400

3.1

0.2

6.0

0.0

7.4

9.8

8.5

0.5

Citrus

42 500

0.0

0.1

6.0

0.0

16.5

3.1

8.1

1.7

Other fruits

19 900

0.0

0.1

6.4

0.0

15.1

14.8

11.0

1.8

Rubber

18 000

0.0

0.0

7.2

0.0

2.8

0.2

16.0

0.0

Coffee

15 200

0.0

0.0

7.3

0.0

5.4

0.3

16.6

0.8

Sugar cane

5 600

7.0

0.0

6.3

0.0

29.6

0.8

13.2

0.8

Bananas

4 600

16.6

0.0

6.6

0.0

14.5

3.8

12.1

4.5

Tobacco

2 300

0.0

0.2

4.5

0.0

42.9

0.0

0.5

0.2

TABLE A8.4
Nitrogen flows for Kenya

Crops

Area

IN1

IN2

IN3

IN4

IN5

OUT1

OUT2

OUT3

OUT4

OUT5

(ha)

(kg/ha)

Maize

1 524 700

9.5

5.4

3.7

3.2

0.0

25.4

11.0

6.7

2.7

24.4

Fallow

914 800

0.0

1.7

4.0

3.3

0.0

0.0

1.7

11.2

1.1

25.3

Pulses

699 800

8.0

1.7

3.2

8.9

0.0

7.0

2.5

12.2

1.9

9.6

Coffee

179 200

34.2

10.6

6.6

4.1

0.1

12.7

0.2

20.8

7.2

37.0

Wheat

144 500

21.1

2.9

3.8

3.3

0.0

35.0

4.0

5.9

3.9

13.3

Sorghum

136 600

20.0

2.3

3.3

3.1

0.0

13.3

6.9

7.0

3.7

10.7

Tea

114 900

41.2

3.5

7.3

4.4

0.0

77.5

0.0

2.3

7.3

67.0

Cassava

98 600

0.0

2.8

6.3

4.1

0.0

39.0

8.5

13.1

1.7

52.5

Potatoes

94 100

48.6

0.7

3.1

3.0

0.0

19.1

2.0

24.4

7.1

35.4

Millet

90 100

0.0

1.4

2.7

2.9

0.0

9.7

7.2

4.8

0.8

1.5

Plantains

84 200

2.8

3.6

7.1

4.3

0.0

3.1

1.1

31.5

2.3

49.9

Vegetables

81 500

48.2

5.7

5.7

3.9

0.0

74.6

15.9

19.8

8.1

-3.1

Sweet potatoes

71 900

0.0

1.2

4.0

3.4

0.0

46.0

4.0

0.3

1.0

21.0

Sugar cane

60 000

23.5

2.2

8.1

17.4

0.0

50.2

5.0

2.2

4.9

23.5

Bananas

40 200

9.9

2.8

6.2

4.1

0.0

6.7

1.8

30.4

3.0

6.2

Cotton

38 900

2.1

3.4

4.1

3.4

0.0

11.1

6.6

6.1

1.6

53.8

Sesame seed

26 400

0.0

1.6

2.9

3.0

0.0

12.9

4.8

4.3

0.8

-9.5

Other fruits

25 200

161

6.6

6.8

4.2

0.0

13.3

6.0

69.9

23.2

64.7

Barley

22 100

18.0

1.4

2.7

2.9

0.0

40.0

6.3

2.8

3.1

-0.4

Groundnuts

16 500

15.9

3.2

3.6

47.2

0.0

47.5

12.2

4.8

3.2

7.7

Tobacco

14 100

11.5

1.4

3.1

3.0

0.0

66.3

0.0

0.0

2.3

0.2

Rice

13 600

49.4

1.3

8.1

8.3

0.0

43.5

8.5

25.6

8.1

28.9

Coconuts

13 500

0.0

3.5

6.7

4.2

0.0

268.5

23.8

0.0

1.9

163.4

Sunflower seed

10 700

0.0

1.1

3.5

3.2

0.0

20.4

7.8

8.3

0.8

16.2

Citrus

5 200

28.3

2.2

6.6

4.2

0.0

12.4

0.6

17.3

5.3

13.3

Other roots

1 800

0.0

0.5

5.1

3.7

0.0

23.0

1.9

5.3

1.1

-0.1

TABLE A8.5
Phosphorus flows for Kenya

Crops

Area

IN1

IN2

IN3

IN5

OUT1

OUT2

OUT5

(ha)

(kg/ha)

Maize

1 524 700

5.1

1.1

0.5

0.0

6.2

2.2

3.4

Fallow

914 800

0.0

0.4

0.5

0.0

0.0

0.4

2.4

Pulses

699 800

5.2

0.4

0.4

0.0

1.2

0.2

1.3

Coffee

179 200

8.1

2.2

0.8

0.0

0.9

0.2

2.7

Wheat

144 500

34.4

0.6

0.5

0.0

6.8

1.7

1.7

Sorghum

136 600

5.5

0.5

0.4

0.0

5.0

2.9

1.8

Tea

114 900

6.0

0.7

0.9

0.0

8.4

0.0

5.9

Cassava

98 600

0.0

0.6

0.8

0.0

4.4

1.7

2.6

Potatoes

94 100

20.9

0.1

0.4

0.0

5.7

0.6

4.5

Millet

90 100

0.0

0.3

0.3

0.0

3.0

1.4

0.2

Plantains

84 200

2.0

0.8

0.9

0.0

0.4

0.3

2.3

Vegetables

81 500

46.8

1.2

0.7

0.0

7.6

6.9

-0.1

Sweet potatoes

71 900

0.0

0.3

0.5

0.0

7.5

2.2

1.4

Sugar cane

60 000

14.0

0.4

1.0

0.0

18.2

5.1

2.7

Bananas

40 200

7.2

0.6

0.8

0.0

1.7

0.3

-1.3

Cotton

38 900

32.7

0.7

0.5

0.0

5.7

0.0

5.8

Sesame seed

26 400

0.0

0.3

0.4

0.0

2.6

1.7

-0.7

Other fruits

25 200

56.6

1.4

0.9

0.0

1.4

0.7

3.2

Barley

22 100

38.9

0.3

0.4

0.0

7.2

0.9

-0.1

Groundnuts

16 500

7.6

0.7

0.5

0.0

7.6

1.8

0.9

Tobacco

14 100

24.8

0.3

0.4

0.0

9.7

0.0

0.0

Rice

13 600

19.8

0.3

1.0

0.0

12.7

1.7

2.9

Coconuts

13 500

0.0

0.7

0.9

0.0

31.6

5.0

7.1

Sunflower seed

10 700

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.0

3.0

1.1

1.6

Citrus

5 200

8.9

0.5

0.9

0.0

1.5

0.2

0.7

Other roots

1 800

0.0

0.1

0.7

0.0

1.5

0.5

0.0

TABLE A8.6
Potassium flows for Kenya

Crops

Area

IN1

IN2

IN3

IN5

OUT1

OUT2

OUT3

OUT5

(ha)

(kg/ha)

Maize

1 524 700

0.0

4.5

2.0

0.0

7.2

24.3

2.3

7.9

Fallow

914 800

0.0

1.4

2.2

0.0

0.0

1.4

1.3

4.6

Pulses

699 800

1.3

1.4

1.7

0.0

3.9

3.2

1.0

2.8

Coffee

179 200

21.1

8.8

3.5

0.0

6.1

0.5

12.7

7.5

Wheat

144 500

0.0

2.4

2.1

0.0

9.2

25.1

4.7

3.8

Sorghum

136 600

0.0

1.9

1.8

0.0

3.4

18.7

2.2

1.6

Tea

114 900

5.2

2.8

3.9

0.0

29.7

0.0

14.7

7.6

Cassava

98 600

0.0

2.3

3.4

0.0

39.5

2.6

5.0

4.2

Potatoes

94 100

0.0

0.6

1.7

0.0

30.1

3.9

6.8

7.2

Millet

90 100

0.0

1.2

1.5

0.0

2.7

21.1

0.0

0.3

Plantains

84 200

0.0

2.9

3.8

0.0

15.3

5.8

6.4

5.7

Vegetables

81 500

12.9

4.9

3.1

0.0

21.4

39.0

14.0

-0.5

Sweet potatoes

71 900

0.0

1.0

2.1

0.0

70.2

6.2

1.1

4.1

Sugar cane

60 000

13.6

1.8

4.3

0.0

97.6

5.6

12.2

8.0

Bananas

40 200

0.0

2.3

3.4

0.0

25.1

13.3

6.1

-2.9

Cotton

38 900

3.4

2.8

2.2

0.0

5.4

7.1

1.8

10.1

Sesame seed

26 400

0.0

1.4

1.6

0.0

2.9

6.8

0.1

-2.0

Other fruits

25 200

174

5.3

3.7

0.0

13.3

16.4

33.6

6.0

Barley

22 100

5.9

1.1

1.5

0.0

15.5

19.0

0.8

-0.1

Groundnuts

16 500

0.0

2.7

1.9

0.0

10.4

11.4

2.7

2.1

Tobacco

14 100

9.4

1.2

1.7

0.0

86.1

0.0

1.5

0.0

Rice

13 600

0.0

1.1

4.3

0.0

12.8

26.8

16.7

9.5

Coconuts

13 500

0.0

2.8

3.6

0.0

43.3

22.3

4.7

11.4

Sunflower seed

10 700

0.0

0.9

1.9

0.0

4.7

14.0

1.0

1.5

Citrus

5 200

10.1

1.9

3.6

0.0

16.1

4.6

10.7

1.4

Other roots

1 800

0.0

0.4

2.8

0.0

14.6

3.1

3.4

0.0

TABLE A8.7
Nitrogen flows for Mali

Crops

Area

IN1

IN2

IN3

IN4

IN5

OUT1

OUT2

OUT3

OUT4

OUT5

(ha)

(kg/ha)

Fallow

1 402 800

0.0

0.6

4.2

3.4

0.1

0.0

0.6

7.6

0.9

0.3

Millet

921 000

0.0

0.9

3.9

3.3

0.0

15.8

8.4

5.1

0.9

0.4

Sorghum

633 400

0.0

1.2

5.2

3.7

0.0

14.1

5.2

7.5

1.2

1.2

Cotton

493 800

21.7

1.7

4.9

3.7

0.0

18.9

8.4

10.6

4.0

0.8

Rice

328 800

18.6

1.2

2.7

17.1

0.4

23.5

8.0

9.8

3.2

0.8

Pulses

316 200

0.0

0.4

5.1

9.9

0.0

7.4

3.1

12.8

1.0

-0.3

Maize

284 600

8.5

1.2

4.2

3.4

0.0

26.3

12.1

6.1

2.1

0.4

Groundnuts

191 700

4.3

1.0

4.7

33.1

0.0

31.8

10.9

6.5

1.6

0.3

Vegetables

46 800

4.2

1.2

6.6

4.1

0.0

59.6

17.0

1.9

2.0

-6.9

Sugar cane

6 800

0.0

0.5

7.5

14.8

0.0

40.8

4.1

0.0

1.5

0.4

Cassava

5 500

0.0

0.5

7.2

4.3

0.0

42.3

9.3

0.0

1.4

3.7

Other fruits

4 700

0.0

0.9

7.4

4.4

0.0

27.9

12.6

0.0

1.5

-14.7

Sweet potatoes

4 000

0.0

0.3

4.2

3.4

0.0

33.7

4.4

2.5

0.9

0.3

Tobacco

2 300

0.0

0.4

4.7

3.6

0.0

55.3

0.0

0.0

1.0

0.1

Wheat

2 300

0.0

0.9

3.9

3.3

0.0

40.5

3.1

0.0

0.9

0.3

Fibres

1 900

0.0

0.2

3.8

3.3

0.0

3.3

0.1

7.7

0.8

0.3

TABLE A8.8
Phosphorus flows for Mali

Crops

Area

IN1

IN2

IN3

IN5

OUT1

OUT2

OUT5

(ha)

(kg/ha)

Fallow

1 402 800

0.0

0.1

0.5

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

Millet

921 000

0.0

0.2

0.5

0.0

4.9

1.6

0.1

Sorghum

633 400

0.0

0.3

0.7

0.0

5.3

2.2

0.2

Cotton

493 800

6.0

0.4

0.6

0.0

9.8

0.0

0.2

Rice

328 800

2.3

0.3

0.3

0.0

6.9

1.6

0.1

Pulses

316 200

1.4

0.1

0.7

0.0

1.3

0.3

0.0

Maize

284 600

4.4

0.3

0.5

0.0

6.4

2.4

0.1

Groundnuts

191 700

4.3

0.2

0.6

0.0

5.1

1.6

0.1

Vegetables

46 800

1.3

0.3

0.9

0.0

6.0

7.4

0.0

Sugar cane

6 800

0.0

0.1

1.0

0.0

14.8

4.1

0.0

Cassava

5 500

0.0

0.1

0.9

0.0

4.8

1.8

0.9

Other fruits

4 700

0.0

0.2

1.0

0.0

3.0

1.5

-0.9

Sweet potatoes

4 000

0.0

0.1

0.5

0.0

5.5

2.5

0.0

Tobacco

2 300

0.0

0.1

0.6

0.0

8.1

0.0

0.0

Wheat

2 300

0.0

0.2

0.5

0.0

7.8

1.3

0.0

Fibres

1 900

0.0

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.3

0.0

0.0

TABLE A8.9
Potassium flows for Mali

Crops

Area

IN1

IN2

IN3

IN5

OUT1

OUT2

OUT3

OUT5

(ha)

(kg/ha)

Fallow

1 402 800

0.0

0.4

2.3

0.0

0.0

0.4

1.8

0.1

Millet

921 000

0.0

0.7

2.1

0.0

4.5

24.6

0.9

0.1

Sorghum

633 400

0.0

1.0

2.8

0.0

3.6

14.1

3.7

0.2

Cotton

493 800

8.6

1.4

2.6

0.0

9.1

9.0

6.7

0.2

Rice

328 800

0.0

1.0

1.4

0.2

6.9

25.4

0.7

0.2

Pulses

316 200

1.7

0.3

2.7

0.0

4.1

3.9

3.7

-0.1

Maize

284 600

12.7

0.9

2.3

0.0

7.4

26.8

2.8

0.1

Groundnuts

191 700

10.1

0.8

2.6

0.0

7.0

10.2

3.4

0.1

Vegetables

46 800

6.6

1.0

3.5

0.0

17.1

41.5

8.5

-1.3

Sugar cane

6 800

0.0

0.4

4.1

0.0

79.3

4.5

9.6

0.0

Cassava

5 500

0.0

0.4

3.9

0.0

42.8

2.9

8.2

0.6

Other fruits

4 700

0.0

0.8

4.0

0.0

27.9

34.3

9.2

-2.7

Sweet potatoes

4 000

0.0

0.2

2.2

0.0

51.5

6.8

1.0

0.1

Tobacco

2 300

0.0

0.3

2.5

0.0

71.7

0.0

2.7

0.0

Wheat

2 300

0.0

0.7

2.1

0.0

10.6

19.4

1.0

0.1

Fibres

1 900

0.0

0.1

2.1

0.0

3.9

0.6

0.7

0.1


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