Since the last EMPRES Bulletin - No. 24, 2003 - and the Special issue on avian influenza - No. 25, 2004 - significant events relating to transboundary animal diseases and outbreaks of EMPRES priority diseases in different regions around the world have been reported to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) or FAO.
Rinderpest
OIE has published declarations of provisional freedom from rinderpest for the Central African Republic (February), Oman and Saudi Arabia (July) and Kenya on a zonal basis (August). See page 2.
Foot-and-mouth disease
Outbreaks of FMD occurred in Colombia in August 2004 (see page 15) and Brazil in September 2004 (see page 11). FMD virus type C was reported in Brazil after nearly a decade of absence.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza
HPAI has affected a number of countries in Asia since December 2003. See Table, page 22.
FAO Animal Health publications
A new title has been added to the FAO Animal Health
publications list:
Towards sustainable CBPP control programmes for Africa.
FAO-OIE-AU/IBAR-IAEA Consultative Group on Contagious Bovine
Pleuropneumonia, third meeting, Rome, 12-14 November 2003.
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Disease |
Country/region |
Reporting date |
Location |
Agent characterization |
Foot-and-mouth disease |
Brazil |
September 2004 |
State of Amazonas, Careiro da Várzea District |
Virus serotype C |
|
|
October 2004 |
State of Amazonas, Careiro da Várzea District |
Virus serotype C |
|
Colombia |
August 2004 |
Norte de Santander Department, Tibú Municipality (northeastern Colombia) |
Virus serotype A, subtype 32 |
|
|
August 2004 |
A new outbreak was reported, 0.5 km from the primary outbreak. |
Virus serotype A |
|
Georgia |
March 2004 |
Kaspi District, Doesi Village (central Georgia) |
|
|
Malawi |
May 2004 |
Karonga Agricultural Development Division, Chitipa District, Chiwanga Diptank |
Virus serotype SAT-2 |
|
Mongolia |
February 2004 |
Dornogovi Province |
Virus serotype O |
|
Nigeria |
September 2004 |
State of Imo, Owerri District (southern Nigeria) |
|
|
Peru |
June 2004 |
Lima Department, Lurín District |
Virus serotype O |
|
Russian Federation |
April 2004 |
Amur Subject (Amurskaya Oblast), Tambovka District |
Virus serotype O (pan-Asian group) |
|
South Africa |
July 2004 |
Eastern edge of the buffer zone of the FMD Controlled Area, next to Letaba Ranch in Limpopo Province (northeastern South Africa) |
Virus serotype SAT-2 |
|
Tajikistan |
January 2004 |
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region |
Virus serotype A |
|
Zambia |
February 2004 |
Northern Province, Mbala District, Kawimbe Veterinary Camp |
Virus serotypes SAT-1, SAT-2, SAT-3 and O |
|
|
March 2004 |
Northern Province, Nakonde District, Central Veterinary Camp |
Virus serotypes SAT-1, SAT-2, SAT-3 and O |
|
|
April 2004 |
Northern Province, Mbala District, Mwamba Veterinary Camp |
Virus serotypes SAT-1, SAT-2, SAT-3 and O |
|
|
May 2004 |
Northern Province, Mpulungu District, Muzambwela Village |
Virus serotypes SAT-1, SAT-2, SAT-3 and O |
|
|
June 2004 |
Northern Province, Chinsali District, Kaso Veterinary Camp |
Virus serotypes SAT-1, SAT-2, SAT-3 and O |
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia |
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
June 2004 |
Ituri (northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo) |
|
|
Nigeria |
July-August 2004 |
State of Kano (northern Nigeria) |
|
|
Zambia |
April 2004 |
Southern Province, Kazungula District, Bombwe Veterinary Camp |
|
|
|
May 2004 |
Southern Province, Kazungula District, Nguba Village |
|
African swine fever |
Italy |
September 2004 |
Sardegna Region, Nuoro Province |
|
|
Senegal |
July 2004 |
Thiès Region, Thiès Department |
|
|
United Republic of Tanzania |
April 2004 |
Kasulu District, Kibuye Village Kasulu District, Muyovozi Refugee Camp Kigoma District, Bangwe Village |
|
Classical swine fever |
Albania |
March 2004 |
Laç (western Albania) Lezhe (western Albania) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
May 2004 |
Burgas Region, Sredets District, Trakiytsi Village |
|
|
Germany |
September 2004 |
Rhineland-Palatinate State, Pirmasens District |
|
|
Nicaragua |
June 2004 |
Managua |
|
|
Slovakia |
August 2004 |
Lucenec District, Masková Locality |
|
Peste des petits ruminants |
Côte dIvoire |
July 2004 |
Lagunes Region, Abidjan Department, Jacqueville District (southern Côte dIvoire) |
|
Highly pathogenic avian influenza |
Asia |
Because HPAI has affected a number of countries in Asia since December 2003, an additional table represents Asia for this disease (see page 22) |
||
|
South Africa |
August 2004 |
Eastern Cape Province, Blue Crane Municipal District |
Virus subtype H5N2 |
|
United States of America |
February 2004 |
State of Texas, Gonzales County |
|
Bluetongue |
Croatia |
May 2004 |
Vinkovci County, town of Gradište (eastern Croatia) |
Virus serotype 9 |
|
France (Corsica) |
September 2004 |
Corse-du-Sud Department: |
Virus serotypes 16 and 4 |
|
Lesotho |
March 2004 |
Leribe District |
|
|
Morocco |
September 2004 |
Ifrane Province |
|
|
|
October 2004 |
Kénitra Province, |
Virus serotype 4 |
|
Namibia |
July 2004 |
Grootfontein |
|
|
Spain |
October 2004 |
Andalucía Autonomous Community, Cádiz Province, Jimena de la Frontera Municipality |
|
Source: OIE Web site: http://www.oie.int/
FAO/OIE World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Pirbright, United Kingdom Report for January-September 2004
Country/region |
No. of |
Virus isolation in cell culture/ELISA |
RT-PCR1 for FMD (or SVD) virus |
||||||||||
FMD virus serotype |
SVD |
NVD2 |
Positive |
Negative |
Not |
||||||||
O |
A |
C |
SAT-1 |
SAT-2 |
SAT-3 |
Asia 1 |
|||||||
Bhutan |
52 |
16 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
36 |
31 |
21 |
- |
Botswana |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
2 |
China, |
12 |
9 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
3 |
11 |
1 |
- |
Iran, Islamic |
9 |
2 |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
6 |
4 |
5 |
- |
Israel |
6 |
3 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
3 |
6 |
- |
- |
Italy |
18 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
18 |
- |
- |
- |
18 |
Malawi |
8 |
- |
- |
- |
5 |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
- |
8 |
Malaysia |
133 |
10 |
4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
13 |
- |
- |
Mozambique |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0 |
1 |
Namibia |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
Portugal |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
2 |
- |
24 |
- |
- |
Rwanda |
3 |
2 |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
3 |
Saudi Arabia |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
1 |
- |
- |
Sudan |
37 |
11 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
26 |
1 |
36 |
- |
Uganda |
60 |
8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
52 |
10 |
50 |
- |
Yemen |
111 |
38 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
73 |
40 |
71 |
- |
Zambia |
20 |
2 |
- |
- |
17 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
13 |
3 |
4 |
Zimbabwe |
405 |
- |
- |
- |
7 |
35 |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
- |
40 |
Total |
396 |
101 |
5 |
- |
30 |
41 |
- |
- |
20 |
203 |
132 |
187 |
77 |
1 RT-PCR: reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
for FMD (or SVD) viral genome; FMD: foot-and-mouth disease; SVD: swine vesicular
disease
2 NVD: no FMD, SVD or vesicular stomatitis virus
detected
3 One sample from Malaysia contained a mixture of FMD
virus types O and A
4 Positive by RT-PCR for SVD but negative for
FMD viral genome
5 Three samples from Zimbabwe contained a mixture
of FMD virus types SAT-1 and SAT-2
FAO/OIE World Reference Laboratory for Rinderpest and
Peste des Petits Ruminants,
Pirbright, United
Kingdom
Report for January-September 2004
Country |
Date received |
Number |
Material |
PCR rinderpest |
Ethiopia |
04/06/04 |
4 |
Lymph nodes and spleens |
Negative |
Kenya |
09/01/04 |
48 |
Lymph node aspirates and eye swabs |
Negative |
Sudan |
12/03/041 |
50 |
Various tissues and swabs |
Negative |
|
24/08/042 |
62 |
Various tissues and swabs |
Negative |
Yemen |
20/09/04 |
7 |
Tissues and swabs |
Negative |
1 Some samples tested for bovine viral diarrhoea virus
(BVDV) and malignant catarrhal fever virus (MCFV). Some samples were PCR positive
for MCFV-specific DNA and BVDV negative
2 Some samples
tested for MCFV. Some samples were PCR positive for MCFV-specific DNA
Origin |
Date received |
Number |
Species |
C-ELISA1 |
African wildlife via Denmark |
18/08/04 |
45 |
Various wildlife from East Africa 1995-1999 |
Some positive |
Sudan |
12/03/04 |
24 |
Bovine |
Negative |
|
24/08/04 |
15 |
Bovine |
1 positive |
Syrian Arab Republic2 |
24/06/04 |
62 |
Bovine |
Most negative |
United States of America |
13/02/043 |
3 |
Bovine |
Negative |
|
19/02/04 |
6 |
Bovine |
Negative |
|
19/03/04 |
15 |
Bovine |
Negative |
|
08/04/04 |
15 |
Bovine |
Negative |
|
12/05/04 |
15 |
Bovine |
Negative |
|
02/07/04 |
9 |
Bovine |
Negative |
|
06/08/04 |
6 |
Bovine |
Negative |
|
06/09/04 |
12 |
Bovine |
Negative |
1 Monoclonal antibody based H competitive ELISA
2 Sera submitted for vaccine efficacy testing. Only one of
three rinderpest vaccine batches induced seroconversion
3 Sera
from commercial company submitted for extraneous agent testing
Country |
Date received |
Number |
Virus |
Pass/fail |
Syrian Arab Republic |
24/06/04 |
4 batches |
Rinderpest |
3 pass, 1 fail |