A prolonged drought has affected the western departments of Alto Paraguay, Boquerón and Canindeyú where no rain has been registered in the past 8 months thus delaying planting of new crops. The food security of about 5 000 rural families who live principally on subsistence farming on small plots is jeopardized. It is reported that affected communities have nearly depleted their food reserves and that water supply systems are dry or have been contaminated. An increasing number of people, including children, are being affected by infectious diseases. Severe cases of malnutrition are also reported. A national state of emergency has been declared by the Government and emergency relief assistance, including food aid, from the international community is being provided to the most affected families.