ACTIVITIES AND PROGRAMMES OF THE AUSTRIAN CHAMBERS OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY FOR FORESTRY IN AUSTRIA (PowerPoint presentation)
Thomas STEMBERGER
Austrian Chambers of Agriculture and Forestry | |||
• legal basis | |||
• democratic, self-organised, independent | |||
• bottom up way of thinking and acting | |||
= “lobbying” | |||
= technical, economical and ecological advice, vocational training | |||
= administration of granting schemes | |||
ABTEILUNG FORSTWIRTSCHAFT UND UMWELT | 1 |
The Situation | |||
• | 80 % private forest ownership; ~ 200.000 holdings | ||
• | farm forests, family forests, small scaled forestry | ||
• | important economical impact | ||
• | good forestry tradition, high identification of owners with their forests, rather good knowledge | ||
• | but: economic and socio-economic problems | ||
ABTEILUNG FORSTWIRTSCHAFT UND UMWELT | 2 |
Programmes and measures | |||
• NFP & Program Rural Development | |||
• Forestry cooperations | |||
= voluntary cooperation of independentowners | |||
Strengthening of economical and ecological outputs of forests | |||
ABTEILUNG FORSTWIRTSCHAFT UND UMWELT | 3 |
More output via: | |||
• | sound sustainable silviculture and logging | ||
• | minimisation of fixed an direct costs | ||
• | increase of efficiency and effectiveness | ||
• | close cooperation with cusomers - forest industries | ||
• | joint marketing of round wood and energy wood | ||
• | implementation of modern logistic | ||
• | broadening the range of goods and services supplied by forest owners to new and growing markets | ||
ABTEILUNG FORSTWIRTSCHAFT UND UMWELT | 4 |
IUFRO PROGRAMME ON GLOBAL FOREST INFORMATION (PowerPoint presentation)
Heinrich SCHMUTZENHOFER
Global Forest Information Service. A Network of Forest-Related Databases 09 January 2002 |
GFIS Global Forest Information Service Enhancing the access to and the provision of quality forest-related information, mainly available through electronic data. Organized by IUFRO with its partners 09 January 2002 |
Mission of GFIS 09 January 2002 |
The Idea for a GFIS Following a call to provide data and information about forests and forestry Based on demands by ICRIS (Intl. Consultation on Research and Information Systems) supported by IUFRO, FAO, CIFOR IPF (International Panel on Forests-UN) IFF (Intl. Forum on Forests-UN) recomm. In the MYPOW for UNFF (monitoring) 09 January 2002 |
Development of a Software-Project 09 January 2002 |
User requirements Impact of GFIS Requirements 09 January 2002 |
Effect of GFIS Requirements 09 January 2002 |
Technologies
09 January 2002 |
Types of Data in GFIS
09 January 2002 |
Metadata
09 January 2002 |
Dublin Core Metadata Standard
09 January 2002 |
Difference between Search in Google and search in GFIS GFIS queries selected, forest related data pools Google queries any portion of the WWW 09 January 2002 |
Related Projects GFIS Afrika 09 January 2002 |
Fathers of GFIS
09 January 2002 |
CURRENT TRENDS IN CABLEWAY SYSTEMS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM (PowerPoint presentation)
Colin J. SAUNDERS
Cableway Extraction in Wales
UK - Forestry Industry
• Forestry Commission (FC)
• Private Forestry Sector
2001 Harvesting Machine Census
The Forestry Commission has carried out a bi-annual harvesting machinery census
The census forms are distributed to all Forestry Commission, Forest Enterprise Districts Forests, Private Forestry Organizations, Forestry Contracting Association (FCA) and Machine suppliers
The results are compared with the returns from past census returns of 1999, 1996 and 1994
The information is supplied to forest organizations, machine suppliers and other interested parties
Census Results
• | National figures for the cableway extraction systems used in the United Kingdom | |
• | The results for the 2001 returns have shown a dramatic reduction in the number of machines used |
Machine Distribution
• | The graph indicates ownership of the cableway systems used in the UK | |
• | As previously indicated there has been a gradual reduction in the number of systems being operated | |
• | During the past 2–3 years the FC has removed all their own cableway systems and now rely totally on contract operations |
Machine/Systems Used in the UK
Timber Master (Igland 800) Winch
Taurus 402 Winch
Daewoo Solar Excavator Conversion
Working Systems
Three systems of extraction are currently undertaken in the UK, these are:
Whole tree - The trees are manually felled and extracted with all the branches, delimbed and processed at the landing area by mechanical harvester machine.
Whole pole - The trees are manually felled and delimbed on the forest floor, extracted to the landing area and converted by chainsaw or mechanical harvester.
Shortwood - The trees are manually felled, delimbed and converted on the forest floor and extracted to the landing area.
No motorized (self-propelled) carriage systems currently being used.
Operation Description
Two main extraction systems are currently being used these are:
Live skyline - A system where three wires are used, one supports the carriage and two control the movement of the carriage on the skyline wire.
High lead - A system where the tension between the haul back and haul in wire create the lift of the carriage.
Annual Harvesting Production by Cableway 1994–2001
Harvesting Production Results
The reduction of timber from 1994 to 2001 produced by each country in the UK has been:
Reason For Reduction in Annual Production
Reason for Reduction in Machine Numbers
Increased terrain capabilities of modern harvester and forwarder machines
Introduction of self levelling tracked based harvesters with greater terrain capabilities
Contractors moving to conventional harvester and forwarder extraction systems
No new developments of systems or machines
Reduction in recruitment of younger operators
Conclusion of Review
The number of machines in operation has reduced by 45 percent over the period, machines operating in 1994 were 69 compared to 38 in 2001
Private ownership accounted for 88 percent in 1994 and 100 percent in 2001
Production has been reduced by 133 000 m3 (36 percent) over the period
Cableway extraction is very labour intensive and hourly outputs are low compared to other extraction methods
Nation-wide reduction in operator recruitment and training of young employees
Movement away from cableway extraction systems to purpose built excavator based harvester and forwarder extraction
Bibliography
• UK, Forest Facts and Figures, 1994, 1996, 1999 and 2000
• Forest enterprise production forecast figures for 2001
• FC/TDB, Harvesting Machine Census - 2001
• TDB (1999), IPIN 14/98 - Cableway extraction systems used in the UK forests
• TDB (1999), Technical Note 13/98 Strategic review of Cableway systems
• FC (1995), Business Enterprise Division, Analysis of Timber production from Cableway systems
And Finally, A Minor Incident
APPROACHES TO THE DESIGN OF FOREST CABLE SYSTEMS (PowerPoint presentation)
Hans Rudolf HEINIMANN
Approaches to the Design of Forest Cable Systems | |||
Hans R. Heinimann John Sessions Woodam Chung | |||
Design of Cable Systems | |||
Heinimann, Sessions, Chung |
Objectives | ||||
• | Provide a design framework | |||
• | Review design procedures | |||
• | Analyze the differences of skyline engineering approaches (US, EUR) | |||
Design of Cable Systems | ||||
Heinimann, Sessions, Chung |
Cable System Design | |||
Covers all aspects of physically arranging and operating cable yarding systems | |||
Design of Cable Systems | |||
Heinimann, Sessions, Chung |
Design Tasks | |||
Conceptual design | |||
• | stratification of ground-based, cable-based, airship-based terrain units | ||
Layout design | |||
• | landings for ground-based, cable-based', airship-based systems | ||
• | allocation of terrain units to landings | ||
• | road location | ||
Skyline design | |||
• | location of anchors, head spars, tail spars, intermediate supports | ||
• | structural analyses | ||
Design Principles | |||
Q = f[a,h,fcrit, Ty,q] | |||
Structural Safety | |||
f = f[a,h,Ty,q,Qd] | |||
Serviceability | Carriage passage over supports ”(6–10)* Q rule” | ||
Cable wear (transversal: tensile stress ~ 1:40) | |||
Design of Cable Systems | |||
Heinimann, Sessions, Chung |
Modelling trafficability |
Assumptions | ||||
Suspension | • Weight-suspended | |||
• fixed suspended | ||||
Cable segment properties | Self-weight distribution | • Linear | ||
• catenary | ||||
Material properties | • Rigid | |||
• elastic | ||||
Mulitspan effects | • Non-feeding | |||
• free-feeding | ||||
Load-ground interaction | • none | |||
• drag | ||||
Design of Cable Systems | ||||
Heinimann, Sessions, Chung |
Design Approaches | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cable segment properties | Multispan effects | Log-ground interaction | ||||||||||
Authors | Suspension | Self-weight distribution | Material properities | |||||||||
Weight | Fixed | Linear | Catenary | Rigid | Elastic | Non-feeding | Free feeding | None | drag | |||
(Lysons and Mann, 1967) | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||
(Pestal, 1961) | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||
(Carson and Mann, 1970) | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||
(Carson and Mann, 1971) | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||
Carson et al, 1971) | ||||||||||||
(Carson, 1975) | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||
(Sessions, 1976) | • | • | • | • | • | • | ||||||
(Kendrick and Sessions, | • | • | • | • | • | • | ||||||
1991) | ||||||||||||
(Brown and Sessions, 1996) | • | • | • | • | • | • | ||||||
(Zweifel, 1960) | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||
GGERPC | • | • | • | • | • | • | ||||||
(Lanner and Sessions, 1993) | [mixed] | |||||||||||
GANTNER | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||
(Leitner,1994) | ||||||||||||
Design of Cable Systems | ||||||||||||
Heinimann, Sessions, Chung |
EMPLOYMENT OF CONTRACTORS IN CABLE CRANE OPERATIONS IN AUSTRIA
(PowerPoint presentation)
Hubertus FLADL
FAO WORKSHOP OSSIACH 2001
Development of harvesting by contractors in Austria
FAO WORKSHOP OSSIACH 2001
Development of thinning operations in Austria
FAO WORKSHOP OSSIACH 2001
Development of logging by cable yarding systems in Austria
FAO WORKSHOP OSSIACH 2001