0441-B4

Selection criterion for Establishment of Seed Production Area of Dalbergia sissoo (Roxb.)

Satyendra K. Srivastava ¹, P. Singh ², N. Mohan ³, P. Dubey ⁴ and R.J. Srivastava ^5*

Abstract

The present paper deals the role of different parameter during the selection and establishment of seed production area (SPA) of Dalbergia sissoo. SPA provides first source of planting material. Dalbergia sissoo is a premier timber tree species in India. It also provides good fodder and fuelwood. Ten parameters were evaluated for selection and establishment of SPA. Out of which, the first three parameters were morphological and rest seven parameters were attributable. Regression, standard error (SE) and coefficient of determination (r²) were evaluated for all the parameters. The parameters attributing values more than 0.50 for coefficient of determination (r²) were identified as responsible parameters for establishment of SPA. Out of ten selected parameters, only five parameters exhibit responsibility for selection and establishment of SPA. The scores for DBH and height were found most prominent parameter. None of these regression were found statistically significant while negative effect of straightness of tree with low degree of responsibility shown by parameters need to be carefully watched during the selection of SPA.

Introduction:

Dalbergia sissoo (Shisham) is internationally well known as a premier timber species of rosewood genus. Taxonomically, it belongs to sub-family papilionaceae of family leguminoseae. According to Tewari (1994), the leaf fall in Dalbergia sissoo starts in November-December and new leaves along with young flower buds appear between January-February. The flowers generally open in March-April and pale green young pods appear by the end of April. The pods become full sized and yellowish green by the end of July and finally they turn brown and ripen during November-December. According to Bangarwa (1996), sissoo is an important firewood, shade, shelter and fodder tree which play rich dividends.

The use of Dalbergia sissoo has been well known for over 3000 years. The sissoo furnishes one of the most important timbers of India, and gives excellent fuel. The heartwood is brown with darker streaks, very hard, strong and durable used for building construction, furniture, carts, carriage, carving plywood, tools handles, ship building, veneers, plough, toys etc. Besides, it also provides honey & medicine.

Hence, the present investigation was envisaged to evaluate the role of different parameters for selection and establishment of SPA for production of quality seeds under the tree improvement program.

Material and Methods :

The following parameters were taken for selection and establishment of seed production area of Dalbergia sissoo:-

1. Height
2. Clear Bole Height (CBH)
3. Diameter at Breast Height (DBH)
4. Scores for Height
5. Scores for CBH
6. Scores for DBH
7. Scores for Straightness
8. Scores for Roundness<
9. Scores for Health
10. Scores for Crown

The first three parameters were morphological which were measurable and have higher correlation with volume production whereas the rest parameters were attributable and they were assessed subjectively. The parameter number 4, 5 and 6 were assessed on the basis of average values of morphological parameters and points were given to them whereas parameters e.g. 7, 8, 9 and 10 were assessed on the basis of the condition of tree.

The plantation of Dalbergia sissoo was selected in Kuchecha forest block situated about 30 km. from Raath forest range (Geographically it lies between 79.5° N latitude and 24.5° E longitude), Hamirpur division of Uttar Pradesh. In Dalbergia sissoo plantation a sample plot of 25 m x 25 m, was selected in which some trees were randomly selected and measured accordingly. The attributable parameters were marked as described by Khali and Reddy (1998). The observations were compiled and statistically analysed (Snedecor and Cochran, 1967).

Sampling Technique:

From the population of 1500 plants of Dalbergia sissoo, scoring for 613 plants were made as per the directives laid down by F.R.I, U.P., Kanpur and two stage stratified random sampling technique was adopted while selecting 10 plants out of 613 marked plants. The selected plants were as per requirement and guidelines.

The Scoring for Height/CBH and DBH parameters were as follows-

The scoring for Straightness, Roundness, Health and Crown of the tree

Results and Discussion :

The regression analysis treating height (X₁) as a independent variable and CBH (X₂) in metre, DBH (X₃) in cm., scores for height (X₄), scores for CBH (X₅), scores for DBH (X₆), scores for straightness (X₇), scores for roundness (X₈), scores for health (X₉) and scores for crown (X₁₀) as independent variable are presented in Table-1, embedded with the standard error (SE), t, r and coefficient of determination (r²). The interpretations of individual regressions are as follows :

Height as Dependent Variable :

For unit change in CBH, the height of the plant increases 0.88 meter. The coefficient of determination is 0.71. This indicated that the CBH exhibits an important responsibility (71 per cent) in shaping the tree. Similarly if the DBH is increased by one cm, the height of the plant becomes more than double (2.02), the responsibility shouldered is about 33 per cent (r² = 0.33). None of the regression coefficient was significant right from 1-3. If the scoring of height is increased by one unit, the height of the plant increased by 1.67 unit. The regression coefficient for scoring of height was significant at 5 per cent level of probability. Coefficient of determination was observed more than 90 per cent (r²=0.92). Thus, scoring of height is one of the prominent parameter in establishment of SPA (Fig.-1).

If the increase in CBH scoring is one unit, the height of the plant increased by 4.75 unit. The responsibility taken by CBH scoring as 68 per cent (r² = 0.68). If the DBH scoring changes by one unit, there is positive effect on the height of plant and it enhances by 4.04 units. The value of responsibility is about 28 per cent (r² = 0.28). The effect of straightness on the height of the plant is negative i.e. -0.1006 and responsibility taken by the straightness parameter is less than 0.1 per cent. Similarly the responsibility shouldered by roundness (r² = 0.0042), healthiness (r² = 0.0035) and shape of the crown (r² = 0.0042) is less than 0.1 per cent with their respective regression coefficient as 0.1006, 0.0566 and 0.1006.

It is relevant to state here that none of these regression was statistically significant. The negative effect of straightness and low degree of responsibility shoulder (less than 0.1 per cent) needs to be carefully watched during the SPA programme. If the height of the plant is taken into consideration, it is imperative that crown, healthiness, roundness and straightness, those who are exhibiting the poorest coefficient of determination are required to be given better degree of association, while considering height of the plant in SPA programme. There is ample scope in morphological parameters i.e., CBH and DBH than in case of attributable parameters.

CBH as Dependent Variable :

For unit change in DBH, the clear bole height (CBH) of the plant increases by 1.38 meter. The coefficient of determination is 0.1684 which means that it takes responsibility about 17 per cent. In case the scoring of height is increased by one unit, the CBH is increased by 1.29 unit and it shouldered significant responsibility about 60 per cent (r² = 0.5964). Scoring of height is the only parameter which have significant effect in shaping the CBH of the plant, while other parameters taken in the study have no or negligible effect on CBH. If CBH scoring is increased by one unit, the CBH of plant is increased by 0.16 unit. The responsibility taken by CBH scoring over CBH is 0.01 per cent (r² = 0.0118). Similarly, scoring of straightness and crown have low degree of responsibility less than about 0.1 per cent with respective regression coefficient 0.1277 and 0.1625 and with 0.006 per cent and 0.012 per cent respective responsibility. If DBH scoring is increased by one unit, the CBH is increased by 0.16 unit with 17 per cent (r² = 0.1721) of responsibility over CBH. Similarly, about 17 per cent (r² = 0.1763) responsibility is also shouldered by roundness scoring with increase of 0.63 unit change by one unit change of roundness scoring. The scoring of health have negative regression coefficient (-0.1916) and responsibility taken by it is less than 0.1 per cent (r² = 0.0439) whereas scoring of crown have positive regression coefficient (+0.1625) and responsibility shouldered by it is also less than 1 per cent (0.0718).

DBH as Dependent Variable :

It was observed that for unit change in scoring of height, the DBH (Diameter at breast height) of the plant is increased by 0.27 unit. The coefficient of determination is 0.2916 which shouldered responsibility about 0.29 per cent. In case of CBH, if scoring is increased by one unit, the DBH increases by 0.66 units with about 17 per cent responsibility (r² = 0.1699). If DBH scoring is increased by one unit, the DBH increases more than double (2.15) and the responsibility shouldered by it about 98 per cent (r² = 0.9819). Straightness scoring and roundness scoring have negative regression correlation with DBH (-0.1514 and -0.0332) and responsibility taken by them is 9 per cent and 0.5 per cent (r² = 0.09 and r² = 0.005) respectively. If scoring of health is increased by one unit, the DBH is increased by 0.15 units with 30 per cent responsibility (r² = 0.3005) and lastly scoring of crown have negative effect on DBH with regression coefficient-0.2923 and it holds about 43 per cent (r² = 0.4326) responsibility over DBH.

Scores for height as Dependent Variable:

Scoring of height becomes more than double (2.49) if the CBH scoring is increased by one unit, and the responsibility shouldered by CBH scoring is about 60 per cent (r² = 0.5999). Similarly, if DBH scoring is increased by one unit, the scoring of height becomes double (2.04) and takes responsibility about 22 per cent (r² = 0.2202). Straightness as well as roundness scoring have negative effect over scoring of height, the regression coefficient is -0.0496 and -0.0330 respectively and they have responsibility less then 1 per cent (r² = 0.0026 and 0.0014). If scoring of health is increased by one unit, the scoring of height is increased by 0.07 unit whereas if the scoring of crown is increased by one unit, the scoring of height increases by 0.13 unit and in both cases, the responsibility taken by both parameters is less than 5 per cent (r² = 0.0186 and 0.022, respectively).

Scores for CBH as Dependent Variable:

For unit change in DBH scoring, the CBH scoring increases by 0.56 unit. The coefficient of determination being, 0.17 means it attributes about 17 per cent responsibility. If straightness scoring changes by one unit there is positive effect on CBH scoring and it gets enhanced by 0.04 unit, similarly if roundness scoring increases by one unit, the CBH scoring increases by 0.099 unit, the coefficient of determination in both the above parameters is 0.0256 and 0.1279 meaning that they have responsibility about 2 per cent and 12 per cent respectively. The effect of health scoring over CBH scoring is negative -0.0251 and responsibility taken by it is 2 per cent (0.0219). Crown scoring has positive effect on CBH scoring, the regression coefficient was 0.0351 and it took responsibility less than 2 per cent (r² = 0.0161).

Scores for DBH as Dependent Variable:

If straightness scoring increases by one unit, the DBH scoring decreases by -0.06 unit. The coefficient of determination was 0.076 meaning that it has responsibility over DBH scoring about 7.6 per cent. Similarly, roundness scoring also has negative effect over DBH scoring positive regression coefficient was -0.0035 and the responsibility taken by it was 0.03 per cent but health scoring have positive effect over DBH scoring with 0.069 regression coefficient and responsibility shouldered by it is about 28 per cent (r² = 0.2839). Crown scoring have negative effect on DBH scoring, the regression coefficient is -0.1433 and coefficient of determination is 0.4896, means it has responsibility about 49 per cent.

Scores for Straightness as Dependent Variable:

For unit change in roundness scoring, the straightness scoring increases positively by 0.20. The responsibility taken by it is about 5 per cent (r² = 0.517). The health scoring has negative effect over straightness scoring, the regression coefficient is -0.2069 and coefficient of determination is 0.13 meaning that it takes about 13 per cent responsibility. If crown scoring increases by one unit, the straightness scoring increases by 0.55 unit. The responsibility shouldered by it is about 36 per cent (r² = 0.3677).

Scores for Roundness as Dependent Variable:

The health scoring has negative effect over roundness scoring if it increases by one unit, The roundness scoring decreases by 0.37 unit and it shares about 37 per cent responsibility (r² = 0.37). If crown scoring increases by one unit, the roundness scoring increases positively by 0.168 unit whereas responsibility taken by it is about 2.7 per cent (r² = 0.0277).

Scores for Health as Dependent Variable:

If the scoring of crown increases by one unit, the health scoring decreases by one unit and responsibility taken by it is about 37 per cent (r² = 0.375).

Acknowledgement :

Thanks are due to Dr. Aswani Kumar, Conservator of Forest (Seed & Research) U.P. for kind suggestions and guidance. We are also thankful to range staff for their help rendered during the study.

References:

Bangarwa, K.S. (1996) Sissoo Breeding. Agriculture and forestry information centre, HAU, Hissar India.

Khali, D. P. and K. S. Reddy (1998). A spreadsheet approach to the evaluation of seed production areas of Teak. My Forest 34(2); 783-795

Tewari, D.N., (1994). A monograph on Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. International Book Distributors, Dehradun, India.

Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G., (1967). Statistical Methods, Oxford and IBH, New Delhi, pp.593.

Fig -1 Diagrammatic representation of different characters playing important role in selection of S.P.A.b

Table-1 Regression equation standard error (SE), t, r and coefficient of    determination (r²) for different parameter of Dalbergia sissoo

Forest Research Institute, U.P., 18-G.T. Road, Kanpur -208 024, INDIA

Authors
¹ Satyendra Kumar Srivastava Research Scholar F.R.I., U.P. Kanpur India and corresponding author
[email protected]
[email protected]
Correspondance Address - 128/194/52 K-Block Kidwai Nagar
Kanpur-208011, U.P. INDIA
Phone No. 0512-602349

² Pradeep Singh
Research Scholar F.R.I., U.P. Kanpur India and corresponding author
[email protected]
Phone No. 0512-562977

³ Narendra Mohan
Reader Deptt. of Botany D.A.V. College Kanpur, U.P. India
[email protected]
Phone No. 0512-560587

⁴ Prabhaker Dubey
Ex. Silviculturist F.R.I., U.P. Kanpur, India
[email protected]

⁵ Ram Jee Srivastava
Forest Influences Officer, Forest Research Institute, U.P. 18- G.T. Road Kanpur-208024 U.P., India
Phone No. 0512-561765
Correspondance Address - Forest Research Institute, U.P.
18- G.T. Road, Kanpur-208024, India
[email protected]