Import tariffs and costly import procedures help explain why consumers in the United Republic of Tanzania pay relatively high prices for wheat. Although wheat farmers benefit from higher prices, domestic production has not increased. MAFAP analysis suggests that: • facilitating procedures for importing wheat and reducing overall import costs would make wheat more affordable • for consumers. Indeed, excessive import costs have had an impact similar to that of the tariff in raising domestic prices; • monitoring re-exports of wheat flour to neighbouring countries would help ensure that lower import tariffs for wheat actually lead to lower domestic prices; and • more support for research and development, and extension services could help increase wheat production.