There is an extensive literature on composting methodology. However, the background paper presents only a selective and brief account of the salient approaches. A broad distinction as “Traditional” and ‘Rapid’ composting practices has been made, based mainly on the considerations of the practices being adopted as a convention; and the recent introductions for expediting the process, involving individual or combined application of treatments like shredding and frequent turning, mineral nitrogen compounds, effective microorganisms, use of worms, cellulolytic organisms, forced aeration, forced aeration and mechanical turnings and so on.