This study examines the impacts of a set of agroecological interventions for a typical semiarid African country on the achievement of all the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The policy analysis utilises the Threshold21-iSDG model, developed by the Millennium Institute (MI), which integrates the social, economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable development into one framework. The assessment presents and compares results for the 17 SDGs under two different scenarios: Business as Usual (BAU) and Agroecology (AE). The interventions implemented in the AE scenario are inspired by Andhra Pradesh’s Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) approach and cover the 10 agroecological principles of the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO). The results show that implementation of the AE scenario significantly improves the performance of 12 SDGs and doubles the achievement levels of four of them. Further, the analysis reveals the causal relations and interactions that generate impacts. Finally, simulating the model allows identification of the individual contributions of each intervention as well as synergies emerging from interactions. Based on these findings, this study suggests several recommendations with regard to the implementation of agroecology to enhance achievement of the SDGs.