This article traces the coming of a genetically modified (GM) cotton-agrochemical complex to highland eastern India. In this region of rich biodiversity and Indigenous systems of food and agroecology, GM cotton cultivation has seen a meteoric rise over the past decade. It explores how this shift from a no-input polyculture cultivation of community-held heirloom varieties to market-provisioned cotton seeds and agrochemicals marks a rupture that is fundamentally transforming the relationship of cultivators to land, seeds, and knowledge systems around agroecological practices.