San Nicolás, Chile, a rural town of an estimated 15,000 people, was declared the first agroecological commune. This initiative was based on a project with a participatory production model combining traditional practices with technology and knowledge in order to respond to drought, climate change, and erosion, reinforced by the Sustainable Mediterranean Communities project promoted from 2015 by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), in partnership with the Ministry of the Environment.  The project was developed in 15 communes, in six regions ranging from Valparaíso, north of Santiago, to Araucanía, in the south, and forming an ecoregion consisting of vulnerable and low socioeconomic development index.