Brazil, Kenya, Sri Lanka and Turkey represent some of the world’s most mega-diverse countries thanks to the extraordinary diversity of ecosystems and species existing within their borders. They each contain unique biological diversity and have associated traditional ecological knowledge that supports a large proportion of the world’s food supply in a range of ecosystems that are global priorities for conservation. Due to the fact that the biodiversity in these four participating countries is so vast, the use of these indigenous, largely plant, genetic resources is still scarcely explored, appreciated or conserved. The project sought to address the issue of diminishing the use of local agrobiodiversity by contributing to the improvement of global knowledge of biodiversity for food and nutrition and, in so doing, enhancing the well-being, livelihoods and food security of target beneficiaries in the four countries through the conservation and sustainable use of this biodiversity and the identification of best practices for up-scaling.