The global agroecosystem has long supported human society by providing nutrient-rich food. However, modern farming practices, such as chemical intensification and simplification, have weakened biodiversity on farmland, making it more vulnerable to pests.

The article argues that biological control, which involves using plant, animal, and microbial biodiversity, can effectively reduce pest risks and provide sustainable, cost-effective plant health solutions. To make biological control a mainstream practice, it needs to be integrated with agroecological approaches, updated in research and policy, and aligned with market demand. Overcoming barriers like misaligned incentives for chemical pesticides is essential for ensuring sustainable farming and protecting ecosystems in the face of global change.