Agroecology is fashionable. It represents a new opportunity for social movements to progress towards a transformation of food systems. However, the risk of being co-opted, institutionalized and its political content taken back has also risen. This paper analyzes that crossroad from the perspective of political ecology: if agroecology is to be reduced to another tool for the industrial agriculture to use or, in the contrary, it will become a political alternative for an alternative path of development.