Integrated rice-duck farming technology, as an environmental friendly technology, has been applied and practiced in many countries in Asia and in many provinces or areas in China. In order to promote this technology more effectively and scientifically, some problems or issues should be addressed: (1) selection of rice and duck species suitable for rice-duck farming system; (2) structure optimization of rice-duck farming system; (3) scientific issues related to ecological processes and functions of ducks and linked mechanisms in paddy ecosystem; (4) integrated pest and disease management in paddy ecosystems; (5) sustainability of soil fertility of paddy field; (6) improvement of routine field management; (7) new sources of fodder for ducks; (8) prevention and cure of epidemic diseases of ducks; (9) standardization of integrated rice-duck farming systems; (10) improvement of economic benefits of integrated rice-duck farming system.