To study the spatial distribution patterns and ecological niches of Nilaparvata lugens and its main predatory natural enemies, three treatments including chemical fertilization, rice-duck farming, and no chemical pesticides/fertilizer application (control) were set. Theridiidae, Clubionidae and Salticidae showed the highest niche width under chemical fertilization, rice-duck farming and control, respectively, with a value of over 0.80 in each case. The spatial niche of N.lugens in the plots of rice-duck farming was 0.83, being 5.0% and 5.9% lower than in the control and chemical fertilization plots, respectively. Rice-duck farming increased the spatial domain of N.lugens and its main natural enemies (Tetragnathidae, Coccinellidae, Salticidae, and Staphylinid), increasing their encounter probability and thus enhancing the control on N.lugens to a certain extent. However, the niche overlap of N.lugens and Lycosidae, Linyphiidae and Clubionidae natural enemies decreased, which weakened the potential control of these natural enemies. Rice-duck farming also had definite effects on the occurrence and spatial domain of main predatory natural enemies on the rice plants themselves. In sum, rice-duck farming could have positive effects on the outbreak and trade-off of N.lugens via altering the spatial distribution patterns and ecological niche characteristics of N.lugens and its main predatory natural enemies.